African Women's Report 2009 - United Nations Economic ...

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Domestic violence 65Rape 67Sexual harassment 69Trafficking 72Article 27 of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child 74Critical observations and recommended actions 764 Commitment to Access and Quality Education 79Introduction 79Overview of the education GSI results 80AWPS education indicators 88Critical observations and recommended actions 945 Commitment to Access and Quality Health Care 97Introduction 97Overview of the Health GSI 99The AWPS health assessment: commitment to ICPD +15 107Critical observations and recommended actions 1226 Access to Economic Opportunities and Resources 125Introduction 125Overview of the GSI of the economic block 125Overview of the AWPS of the economic block 139Critical conclusions and recommended actions 1647 African Women’s Agency and Decision-Making 167Introduction 167Overview of the GSI of the political block 168The GSI: Public sector participation 169The GSI: Civil society participation 173Overview of the AWPS of the political block 176UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security 177Gender mainstreaming in all government departments 182Critical observations and recommended actions 187ivAfrican Women’s Report 2009 Measuring Gender Inequalities in Africa
8 Perspectives, Conclusions and Way Forward 189Introduction 189Perspectives on the AGDI and other development indices 189Cross dimensional perspectives 193Challenges and Improvements in the utilisation of the AGDI 194Recommended actions to improve the AGDI 198Final conclusions and way forward 199References 203AppendicesAppendix One: Country Data Sources 210Appendix Two: Graphs on the Child Health Assessment 217Appendix Three: Composite GSI and AWPS Results 218Appendix Four: The General Status of Domestic Violence Legislation in Africa 225Appendix Five: The AWPS Scoring Process 226Appendix Six: Case Studies of Reservations 233Boxes1.1 ICPD on gender equality 121.2 Synergies between social and economic status of women in Ethiopia 311.3 Multilateral cooperation to ameliorate impact of recession on women 351.4 Synergies between the APRM and AGDI 362.1 CEDAW Committee’s response to the reservations of Egypt 432.2 Horizontal and vertical gender policy development in Mozambique 442.3 Case study of an anti-discrimination mechanism in Egypt 482.4 Abrogation of polygamy by the Constitutional Court of Benin 492.5 A South Africa court ruling challenging discrimination in inheritance 502.6 Some Harmful Practices existing in Benin 532.7 ICPD Commitment on FGM/C 542.8 United Republic of Tanzania’s long term plans to combat FGM/C 553.1 Examples of country BPfA priority settings 633.2 Some country experiences in BPfA implementation 64Table of Contentsv
Page 3 and 4: Economic Commission for AfricaAfric
Page 5: Table of ContentsList of AcronymsFo
Page 9 and 10: 6.5 Experiences from South Africa a
Page 11 and 12: 5.4 HIV prevalence among young peop
Page 13 and 14: List of AcronymsACGSACRWCADFAfDBAGD
Page 15: UNAIDSUNDPUNECAUNESCOUNFPAUNICEFUNS
Page 18 and 19: Evidence pointing to the negative i
Page 20 and 21: This edition of the AWR is technica
Page 22 and 23: Wieringa is the Director of the Int
Page 24 and 25: The Centre appreciates the professi
Page 26 and 27: Design and piloting of the AGDIThe
Page 28 and 29: The AGDI’s socialblock investigat
Page 30 and 31: ensure that contraception is fully
Page 32 and 33: Demonstratecommitment throughthe el
Page 34 and 35: • Run these initiatives in tandem
Page 36 and 37: • Provide all institutions, which
Page 38 and 39: These compellinginstruments andinit
Page 40 and 41: ties where they are shown to exist;
Page 42 and 43: emphasize the inter-linkages betwee
Page 44 and 45: The role ofNational AdvisoryPanels
Page 46 and 47: The extent towhich women areeffecti
Page 48 and 49: Table 1.1Gender Status Index with b
Page 50 and 51: Table 1.2Correlation between women
Page 52 and 53: The AfricanWomen’s Protocoltheref
Page 54 and 55: ECONOMICRatificationReportingLawPol
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Example:Scoring of ratification of
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The AGDI is MDGsensitive, affording
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ownership of rural/urban plots, hou
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“Promoting the role of women in s
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Commitment to Women’sRights2Intro
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Figure 2.1Picture view of composite
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Box 2.1CEDAW Committee’s response
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given to women’s rights in nation
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is the elimination of discriminatio
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parities between the enactment and
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Table 2.6CEDAW Article 16 implement
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Table 2.7African Women’s Protocol
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Figure 2.2Prevalence of FGM/C in th
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following recommendations to Africa
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Commitment to AddressingViolence Ag
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mation dissemination, justice deliv
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Box 3.1Examples of country BPfA pri
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“Based on the [Protocol] and Adde
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tive monitoring. Civil Society Orga
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not given full meaning due to the l
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sexual harassment. Despite this gov
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Box 3.7Instances of challenges of t
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while South Africa mentions that th
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Commitment to Access andQuality Edu
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Figure 4.1Overall Education GSI1.51
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Figure 4.2The enrolment GSI1.51.20.
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out ratio for secondary level compa
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The second indicator is important b
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Box 4.6Special measures for school
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Box 4.7Why more boys than girls dro
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“In recent years, a number of imp
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African Governments and stakeholder
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Commitment to Access andQuality Hea
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Overview of the Health GSIThe overa
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With the exception of Tunisia, the
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Figure 5.2Child health sub-componen
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While the other indicators are true
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investigation of male and female in
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The ICPD +5 review of 1999 made cri
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Box 5.5HIV/AIDS initiatives in some
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Table 5.8Health- ICPD PoA +15, STIs
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Table 5.9MMR in pilot countries in
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Table 5.10ICPD PoA+15 (Maternal Mor
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Box 5.12ICPD and ICPD+5 benchmarks
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Table 5.12ICPD PoA +15 (Family Plan
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African Governments are toSustain a
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Access to EconomicOpportunities and
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Figure 6.1GSI of the economic block
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economic growth. Results of time us
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Figure 6.2Employment GSI Index1001.
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tural workers are unpaid family mem
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indications that they are the minor
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Figure 6.4Women’s Access to credi
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Low scores generally evident in the
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framework for equality between wome
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Although Convention 100 has been ra
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of allocation of human and financia
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Lack of ratifications not withstand
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Table 6.12Analysis of country score
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en’s associations engaged in inco
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performance in lifting barriers to
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the agency responsible for carrying
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South Africa and Uganda) have under
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interventions that would accelerate
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African Women’s Agency andDecisio
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The GSI: Public sector participatio
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also cooperates with a number of NG
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Table 7.3Women and men in the publi
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6). While Uganda reflects a score o
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Africa have strikingly different GS
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countries to give local effect to t
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Table 7.8Effective and accessible n
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effectiveness. This section assesse
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Apart from the general liberalist a
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to involve civil society in the cam
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Perspectives, Conclusionsand Way Fo
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Table 8.1Comparison of GSI, GDI, HD
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Cross dimensional perspectivesThe A
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Data definitions and standardsThe w
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Subjectivity and possible biases in
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• Harmonise the scoring of Articl
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African health delivery systems, es
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Government of Ethiopia, 2002. Plan
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UNECA, 2009 a. Africa Regional Revi
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Ghana, AGDI Country Report, 2005 as
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Appendix One: Country Data SourcesS
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Mozambique:1.2.3.4.Primary enrolmen
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2.3.Underweight under 3: All data o
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Ghana:1.2.3.Ghana Parliamentary Reg
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Appendix Three: Composite GSI and A
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BeninBurkina FasoCameroonEgyptEthio
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Table A.2Estimated GSI. Excluding r
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BeninBurkina FasoCameroonEgyptEthio
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Appendix Five: The AWPS Scoring Pro
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c. Legal or other legal measuresThi
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only government funds are considere
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2 - extensive campaigns conducted w
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TunisiaGeneral declaration: The Tun
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