2013 BROADER PERSPECTIVES The Useless IssueCOMPREHENSION5678It is no longer really possible to think of the vision as a model anymore. All over the developedworld, nations are coming to terms with the fact that the social-democratic welfare state isturning out to be untenable. The reason is partly institutional: The administrative state is dismallyinefficient and unresponsive, and therefore ill-suited to our age of endless choice and variety.The reason is also partly cultural and moral: The attempt to rescue the citizen from the burdensof responsibility has undermined the family, self-reliance, and self-government. But, in practice,it is above all fiscal: The welfare state has turned out to be unaffordable, dependent as it is upondubious economics and the demographic model of a bygone era. Sustaining existing programsof social insurance, let alone continuing to build new ones on the social-democratic model, hasbecome increasingly difficult in recent years, and projections for the coming decades paint animpossibly grim and baleful picture. There is simply no way that Europe, Japan, or America canactually go where the economists’ long-term charts now point — to debts that utterly overwhelmtheir productive capacities, governments that do almost nothing but support the elderly, andeconomies with no room for dynamism, for growth, or for youth. Some change must come, and soit will.But fully grasping this reality will not be easy. Our attachment to the social-democratic visionmeans that we tend to equate its exhaustion with our own exhaustion, and so to fall into a mostun-American melancholy. On the left, fear of decline is now answered only with false hope that thedream may yet be saved through clever tinkering at the edges. On the right, the coming collapseof the liberal welfare state brings calls for austerity — for less of the same — which only highlightthe degree to which conservatives, too, are stuck in the social-democratic mindset.But we do not yet know quite how. The answer will not come from the left, which is far toocommitted to the old vision to accept its fate and contemplate alternatives. It must thereforeemerge from the right. Conservatives must produce not only arguments against the liberal welfarestate but also a different vision, a different answer to the question of how we might balanceour aspirations. It must be a vision that emphasizes the pursuit of economic growth, republicanvirtues, and social mobility over economic security, value-neutral welfare, and material equality;that redefines the safety net as a means of making the poor more independent rather than makingthe middle class less so; and that translates these ideals into institutional forms that suit ourmodern, dynamic society.That different vision is now beginning to take shape. Slowly, bit by bit, we are starting to see whatmust replace our welfare state. In time to come, we can envision a society where individuals canwork and compete fairly only a market-driven economy that is not partial towards the poor anddisadvantaged, but one which rewards the able and industrious. It will be a society where eachparty will add to the other’s well-being by doing precisely what is expected of him and be justlyrewarded in the process. It will be one where a good percentage of the fruit of his labour will notbe forcefully taken away from him in the form of heavy taxes by an overbearing state and given tosomeone who does not deserve it at all; in other words, a society that finally truly works.4045505560657075Adapted from Beyond the Welfare State by Yuval Levin, for the purposes of the ‘A’ level General Paper