BOOK OF ABSTRACTS - iufro landscape ecology conference

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IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, 2-12 November, 2012 – Concepción, Chile*Corresponding author: a Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, AvenidaFrancisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile, b School of Geography, University of Nottingham, UK.aaltamirano@ufro.clHabitat can be removed from a landscape in different ways, leading to different spatial pattern. Mostconservation strategies for fragmented landscapes are based on manipulation of landscape pattern. Inthis study, we assessed land cover change and its effects on landscape pattern, focusing on native forestsin a local-level rural landscape in the Coastal Range of south-central Chile. We analysed satellite imagesfrom the years 1986, 1999, and 2008, and estimated the main trends in land use/cover change. Weassessed changes in the spatial structure of the landscape using landscape indices. Our resultsdocumented a progressive loss of native forest over the entire study period, which is mainly associatedwith an increase in forest plantations of exotic species. In the period 1986 - 1999, forest loss led togreater patch density, smaller mean patch size and increased mean patch isolation. In the period 1999 -2008, while continued forest loss again led to increased patch isolation, the other trends were reversed:decreased patch density and, interestingly, greater mean size of remnant native forest fragments. Thisseemingly unusual trend calls into question how appropriate it is to apply conservation strategies basedtheoretically on the more common trends in landscape pattern. There may also be an under-appreciatedscale effect, in which our fine-resolution findings contrast with the regional-level trends, measured usingcoarser-resolution data.Key words: fragmentation, landscape indices, remote sensing, temperate forests.Acknowledgements: This research was supported by funding from the CONICYT project 74110043,FONDEF project D08I1056, and Dirección de Investigación of Universidad de La Frontera.Symposium: Connectivity for conservation: methods, tools and management insightsOrganizers: Santiago Saura, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain.Peter Vogt, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Joint Research Centre of theEuropean Commission. Italy.How many connectivity metrics do we need and what should they measure?Santiago Saura a **Corresponding author: a Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, ETSI Montes. Ciudad Universitaria s/n.28040. Madrid, Spainsantiago.saura@upm.esGrowing concern on the importance of sustaining ecological fluxes over large spatial scales hasstimulated the development of a myriad of methods for analyzing landscape connectivity. Users areoverwhelmed by a profusion of connectivity metrics. Without any guidelines to navigate in such adensely populated metric space, it is difficult (and potentially arbitrary) to decide how and throughwhich metrics should connectivity be best measured. Many metrics, even if they are apparentlydifferent, may provide largely redundant results when indicating the key landscape elements asconnectivity providers. At the same time, guiding metric selection only through statistical criteria mightlead to highly idiosyncratic outcomes (dependent on the correlation structure arising in each particulardata set/case study), which lack of sufficient generality and robustness as to advisable for a wide array ofconnectivity-related applications. Here we synthesize recent conceptual developments and findings thatprovide an integrated analytical framework and a concise and commensurable set of metrics forlandscape connectivity analysis. Such framework and metric set is supported both by (1) conceptual
IUFRO Landscape Ecology Working Group International Conference, 2-12 November, 2012 – Concepción, Chiledifferences on the roles of habitat patches and links in the landscape network and (2) statistical findingson the distinctive aspects they quantify for orienting conservation planning. We discuss the practicalbenefits and applied insights that such framework offers to landscape managers. We conclude with anoverview of some case studies that have benefited from its application, particularly when intending toprovide a multifaceted but coherent view of the landscape network able to support decision making inchanging landscapes.Key words: landscape connectivity, spatial graphs, ecological fluxes, habitat availability (reachability),conservation priorities.Acknowledgements: Funding has been provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovationthrough research project AGL2009-07140GUIDOS: a toolbox to assess connectivity in landscape patternsPeter Vogt a **Corresponding author: a European Commission, TP 261, Via Fermi, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy.peter.vogt@jrc.ec.europa.euKey landscape features can be parameterized by analysing pattern, connectivity, and fragmentation ofimage objects. Fragmentation is usually defined from a species point of view but a generic andquantifiable indicator is needed to measure fragmentation and its changes. Recent research introducedMorphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) for an intuitive description of image pattern structuresand the automatic detection of connectivity pathways. Reliable corridor detection is an importantfeature in landscape management, ecosystem services, conservation biology, and a prerequisite fornetwork and connectivity analysis based on graph-theory approaches, i.e. Conefor Sensinode. The freesoftware toolbox GUIDOS ( http://forest.jrc.ec.europa.eu/download/software/guidos) is designed toprovide appropriate tools for the application of recent research studies to scientists and especiallynewcomers in the field of landscape ecology. The new functions to analyse fragmentation, land coverchange, and the detection of key connecting elements are illustrated on a sample data set. A specificfocus will be placed on the transition from raster images to network analysis, including the detection andquantitative assessment of key nodes and links. Furthermore, we will illustrate how to use a similarconceptual approach to highlight key connectivity zones for an efficient increase in landscapeconnectivity. The new tools in pattern and connectivity analysis provide added value in risk assessmentstudies, landscape planning, and conservation/restoration policies.Key words: MSPA, connectivity, fragmentation, pattern analysis.Understanding landscape connectivity from an individual's perspective: spatial hierarchies inmovement decisionsPablo Vergara a **Corresponding author: a Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 7254758, Chile.pablo.vergara@usach.clAnimals usually face larger ecological costs when gathering information on coarse-grained features thanon fine-grained features. An information barrier at the landscape scale could prevent the animals fromusing and dispersing to high quality patches, thus reducing the functional connectivity. However, animalscan make efficient movement decisions based on within-patch experiences that do not requireinformation about the location and content of patches. I simulated the movement in a landscape withtwo hierarchical patch levels (patches and sites within patches) and with two levels of patch quality
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BOOK OF ABSTRACTS - iufro landscape ecology conference

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