the extra advantage of height. In some of the pits,to give head-cover, loopholes of sandbags weremade, though in most cases this was not needed,owing to the concealment of the bushes. I found itwas necessary to examine personally every loophole,and correct the numerous mistakes made intheir construction. Some had the new clean sandbagsexposed to full view, thus serving as merewhited sepulchres to their occupants, others wereequally conspicuous from their absurd cock-shy appearance,others were not bulletproof, whilst othersagain would only allow of shooting in one direction,or into the ground at a few meters range, or up intothe blue sky. As I corrected all these faults I thoughtthat loopholes not made under supervision mightprove rather a snare.<strong>The</strong> result was, in the way of concealment, splendid.From these pits with our heads at ground level wecould see quite clearly out on to the veld beyond,either from under the thicker part of the bushes oreven through those which were close to our eyes.From the open, on the other hand, we were quiteinvisible, even from 300 meters distance, and wouldhave been more so had we had the whiskers of the“brethren. ” It was quite evident to me that thesesame whiskers were a wise precaution of nature forthis very purpose, and part of her universal schemeof protectivemimicry,<strong>The</strong> numerous small dongas and rifts lent themselvesreadily to flanking fire, and in many places thevertical banks required no cutting in order to giveideal protection against even artillery. In others, thesides of the crooked waterways had to be merely65
scooped out a little, or a shelf cut to stand upon.In one of these deeper ravines two tents, which,being below ground level, were quite invisible, werepitched for the women and children, and small cavescut for them in case of a bombardment. <strong>The</strong> positionextended for a length of some 150 meters on eachside of the drift along both banks of the river, and atits extremities, where an attack was most to befeared, pits were dug down the riverbanks and acrossthe dry riverbed, <strong>The</strong>se also were concealed as wellas possible. <strong>The</strong> flanks or ends were, of course, ourgreatest danger, for it was from here we might expectto be rushed, and not from the open veld. I wasundecided for some time as to whether to clear a“field of fire” along the river-banks or not, as I hadno wish to give away our presence by any suspiciousnudity of the banks at each end of our position. Ifinally decided, in order to prevent this, to clear thescrub for as great a range as possible from the endsof the position, everywhere below the ground level,and also on the level ground, except for a good fringejust on the edges of the banks. This fringe I thoughtwould be sufficient to hide the clearance to any onenot very close. I now blessed the man who had leftus some cutting tools. Whilst all this was being carriedout, I paced out some ranges to the north andsouth, and these we marked by a few empty tinsplaced on ant-heaps, etc.At dusk, when we had nearly all the pits finishedand some of the clearance done, tents and gearwere hidden, ammunition and rations distributed toall, and orders in case of an attack given out. As Icould not be everywhere, I had to rely on the outlyinggroups of men fully understanding my aims66
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FMFRP 12-33The DefenseofDuffer’sD
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ABOUTTHE AUTHORMajor General Sir Er
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BACKGROUNDINFORMATION(THE BOER WAR)
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“/t was our own fault, and our ve
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— ,-
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UDUOFFHR’SUDUNIFT.GENERAL PLAN.Ma
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I had so often longed for. This was
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stores and tools, which had been du
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