371 B (nann£) m. twenty-fifth letter and fifth of the dental pentad ...

BB (nann£) m. twenty-fifth letter and fifth of thedental pentad consonants of Gurmukhialphabet, it represents the dental nasal soundB; (nas) f. vein, sinew, nerve~ ;'i (~ soJ) f. neuritis~ uVQBh (~ chaÖhn‚) v.i. to have a nerve pulled~ B; cVe T[ZmDh (~ nas pharÝak utÞtÞhanÞ‚) id.to get excited~ B; ftu (~ nas vIch) adv. in every pore ofthe bodyBFJh (nasha‚) a. & m. drug-addicted, narcotic;alcoholic, drunkard, drunken; intoxicated,inebriateBFN (nashtÞ) a. ruined, destroyed, devastated,ravaged, smashed, demolished; annihilated~ eoBk (~ karn£) v.t. to ruin, to destroy; toannihilate, to eradicateBZ;Dk (nassanÝ£) v.t. to go at full speed, to run; toflee, to abscond– BZ; ikDk(– nass J£nÝ£) id. to elope (with); toflee, to abscond; to desert– BZ;d/ u'o dh bzr'Nh jh ;jh (–nassade chor d‚lägo¯‚ h‚ sah‚) prov. something is better thannothing– BZ; GZi (–nass bhaJJ) f. hectic activity,running about; hurry and scurry; hustle andbustleBFso (nashtar) m. surgical knife, lancetB;p (nasab) m. root, origin; lineage, ancestry,descent, familyB;pzdh (nasbäd‚) f. vasectomyB;o (nasar) f. proseBFo (nashar) a. broadcast; defamed, exposed,publicised~ eoBk (~ karn£) v.t. & id. to make public, topublicise; to broadcast; to defame, to expose371B;b (nasal) f. race, posterity; descent, pedigree,genealogy; breed; tribe, clan~ e[Fh (~ kush‚) f. genocide~ tkd (~ v£d) a. racialism, racism~ tkdh (~ v£d‚) a. racialist, racist~ ftfrnkB (~ vIgI£n) m. ethnologyB;bh (nasl‚) a. pertaining to race, racial; lineal,hereditary; ethnic~ ftseok (~ vItkaraØ) m. apartheid, racialdiscriminationB;tko (nasv£r) f. snuff~ b?Dh (~ leØnÝ‚) v.i. to inhale snuff, to snuffB;tkoh (nasv£r‚) a. of tobacco colour, dark brownBFk (nash£) m. intoxication, narcotic drug; alcoholicdrink~ T[soBk (~ utarn£) v.i.. to be no more underthe effect of intoxicant~ T[skoBk (~ ut£rn£) v.t. to nullify the effectof intoxicationid. to make someone come to one's senses~ nkT[Dk (~ £unÝ£) v.i. to be intoxicated; to beover-joyed~ eoBk (~ karn£) v.i.t. to take intoxicant~ uVQBk (~ charÝhn£) v.i. to be under theinfluence of liquor or intoxicationid. to have one's head turned, to go to one'shead~ fto'X (~ vIrodh) m. temperance~ t?b(~ veØl) m. drug-addiction– BF/ ftu u{o (–nashe vIch chuØr) adv. beastlydrunk, deadly drunkB;kT[Dk (nas£unÝ£) v.t. to make to run; to assist torun away, to make to abscond, to kidnap, toabduct; to give defeat; to make face-savingdifficultBFk;sk (nash£st£) m. starch (esp. of wheat)

BFky'o (nash£khor) a.& m. habitual of takingintoxicants, drug addict, habit of takingintoxicantsBFky'oh (nash£khor‚) f. drunkenness, inebriety,drug addictionBFkdo (nash£dar) m. ammonium chloride, SalAmmoniacBFkpzdh (nash£bäd‚) f. forbidding by law the saleof intoxicants, prohibitionBfFnkT[Dk (nashI£unÝ£) v.i.t. to be intoxicatedB;hjs (nas‚hat) f. advice, counsel; admonition,lesson, instruction~ j'Dh (~ hoª‚) id. to get lesson; to learn fromexperience~ eoBh (~ karn‚) v.t. to advise, to counsel~ fwbDh (~ mIlª‚) id. to get lesson~ b?Dh (~ leت‚) id. to take a lessonB;hp (nas‚b) m. fate, luck, destiny, fortune, lot~ ;V ikDk (~ saÖ J£ª£) id. to be fallen on evildays~ j'Dk (~ hoª£) id. to be in one's lot, to bedestined~ y[bQDk (~ khulhª£) id. to be bestowed withgood fortune~ cZ[N ikDk (~ phu¯¯ J£ª£) id. to be struck withbad luck~ tkbk (~ v£l£) a. lucky, fortunate~ ftu j'Dk (~ vIch hoª£) id. to be in one's lot– B;hpK dk uZeo (– nas‚b£Û d£ chakkar) m.irony of fate; destiny, fate– y[FB;hp (– khushnas‚b) a. lucky, fortunate– y[FB;hph (– khushnas‚b‚) f. good luck,fortune– pdB;hp (– badnas‚b) a. unlucky, unfortunate– pdB;hph (– badnas‚b‚) a. ill-luck, bad luck,misfortuneBFhbk$BFhbh (nash‚l£/nash‚l‚) a. intoxicant,intoxicating, inebriant– BFhbh t;s{ (– nash‚l‚ vast¤) f. narcotic drug,intoxicantBF[eok (nashukr£) a. ungratefulBF[eoh (nashukr‚) a. ungratefulness, ingratitude372BF/pk} (nasheb£z) a.&m. habitual of takingintoxicants, drug addicted; alcoholicBjkT[Dk (nah£uª£) v.i. to take a bath, to batheBfjF (neØhash) a. inauspicious, ill-fated, ill-omened,unlucky~ nkdwh$uh} (~ £dm‚/ch‚z) m. person/thingthat brings bad luck, jinxBfjDBk (neØhªan£) v.t. to fasten tightlyBfjo (neØhar) f. canalBfjoh (neØhr‚) a. pertaining to canalBfjbk (neØhl£) m. (playing) card with nine pips– Bfjb/ s/ dfjbk (– neØhle te deØhl£) m. aRoland on Oliver~ s/ dfjbk wkoBk (~ te deØhl£ m£rn£) id. tosurpass (someone) in tacticsBjhA (nah‚ Û ) adv. no, notf. denial, refusal~ sK (~ t£Û) adv. or, else, other wise; oh no!~ BjhA (~ nah‚ Û) adv. not at all, never; no, no– edhA ~ (–kad‚ Û~) adv. neverBjz[ (nahü) m. nail (of the finger); claw, talon~ Go (~ bhar) a. just a bit, very little; verysmall~ bkj[D/ (~ l£huªe) v.t. to pare nails, to cutthe nailsBjz[do (nahüdar) f. claw, talon; scratch or woundcaused by nailsBj[zdoBk (nahüdarn£) v.t. to claw, to scratch, toscratch with nails/clawsBj{;s (nah¤sat) f. inauspiciousness, ill luckBj{;sh (nah¤sat‚) a. inauspiciousBj/oBk (nahern£) m. barber's nail-cutterBj'ok (nahor£) m. an utterance of grievance, formalaccusation, complaint, upbraidingBZe (nakk) m. nose; mucus, discharge from nose;prestige, honour, self-respect~ T[Zs/ wZyh Bk p?mD d/Dk (~ utte makkh‚ n£beدhanÝ denÝ£) id. to brook no nonsense, toput up with no indecency; to lose temper fornothing~ nkT[Dk (~ £unÝ£) v.i. for mucus to flow fromnose, for nose to run, to snivel

~ ;pzXh (~ sabädh‚) a. nasal, rhinal~ ;[DeDk (~ sunÝkanÝ£) v.i. to blow off nose~ eZNDk (~ ka¯¯anÝ£) id. to cause dishonour, todisgrace~ x;kT[Dk (~ ghas£unÝ£) id. to make a humbleentreaty~ u Be/b gkT[Dk (~ ch nakel p£unÝ£) id. tolead (someone) by the nose, to bridle, to keepunder one's control~ uVQk (~ charÝh£) a. short tempered, illtempered; haughty, contemptuous~ uVQkT[Dk (~ charÝh£unÝ£) id. to turn up one'snose, to express disliking, to sneer at~ ufVQnk (~ chaÖhe£) a. high-brow, snobbish~ u'A nm{j/A v/rDk (~ choÛ a¯huØheÛ dÝeganÝ£) id.to be short-tempered; to be proudy~ v[p' e/ woBk (~ dÞubo ke marn£) id. to feelashamed of, to be ashamed of~ dw eoBk (~ dam karn£) id. to get on one'snerves, to tease the life out of someone~ dh ;/X ftZu ikDk (~ d‚ sedh vIch J£nÝ£) v.t.straight ahead, in a straight line~ dh ;'} (~ d‚ soz) f. rhinitis~ Bw{i (~ namuØJ) m. self respect, prestige,honour~ Bkb behoK eZYDk (~ n£l lak‚r£ ÛkadÝdÝhanÝ£)id. to make a servile entreaty, to beseech veryhumbly; to admit one's fault and promise torestrain from repeating it~ g{zMDk Bk nkT[Dk (~ p¤Û ÛJhanÝ£ n£ £unÝ£) id. tobe devoid of common-sense; to be of smallage~ p[ZbQ eZYDk (~ bullh kaÔÔhanÝ£) id. to findfault with, to turn up one's nose at~ GzBDk (~ bhännÝ£) id. to put one's nose outof joint~ w{zj ~ (~ m¤Û Ûh n¤Û Û) adv. for the sake ofone's name and fame~ w{zj tZNDk (~m¤Û Ûh vatÞtÞanÝ£) id. to look downone's nose at, to sneer at~ ofjDk (~ reØhnÝ£) id. for the honour to besaved~ orVBk (~ ragaÖn£) id. to repent, to atone;to make a servile entreaty, to beseech mosthumbly, to lick some one's boots; to rub one'snose~ trDk (~ vagaª£) v.i. to have a running nose,to snivel~ tZYDk (~ vaÔÔhaª£) id. to have one's honoursullied, to disgrace, to humiliate; to makesomeone feel small~ tYkT[Dk (~ vadÞh£uª£) v.t.i. to causedishonour/disgrace; to bring dishonour or badname~ tkbk (~ v£l£) a. & m. prestigious, respectable~ ftu dw eoBk (~ vIch dam karn£) id. to geton one's nerves, to tease the life out of someone~ ftu Be/b g?Dk (~ vIch nakel peØnÝ£) id. to bebridled, to make one dance to one's tune~ ftu p'bDk (~ vIch bolª£) v.i. to speakthrough one's nose, to speak with a nasal tone,to snuffle– fsZyk ~ (– tIkkh£ ~) m. sharp nose, pointednose– chBk ~ (– ph‚n£ ~) m. flat noseBeF$B?D-BeF (naksh/neت-naksh) m. features,appearance; prints, mark, impressions– BeF/ edw (–nakshe kadam) m. foot print– BeF/ edw s/ ubDk (–nakshe kadam techalª£) v.i. to follow in one's footstepsBeFk (naksh£) m. map; chart; rough drawing ,outline, sketch; drawing; plan, pattern; model,design; cadastral map~ fyZuDk (~ khIcchaª£) v.t. to draw a map; todepict a true picture of~ Bth;(~nav‚s) m. cartographer, draughtsman;delineator~ Bth;h (~ nav‚s‚) f. draughtsmanship,cartography; the act or profession of copywriting~ pdbDk (~ badalª£) id. to change the wholepictureBe;ho (naks‚r) f. nose-bleeding, epistaxis~ c[ZNDh$ trDh (~ phu¯¯aª‚/ vagª‚) v.t. to373

leed from the nose, to have an epistaxisBeu{zvh (nakch¤Û ÛÔ‚) f. clamp, clip; pincersBeNk (nak¯£) a. one with clipped nose; shameless,disgraced (person)BeNkJh (nak¯£‚) f. necktieBed (nakad) m. cash, ready money~ Bo?D (~ nareت) m. hard cash, ready cash~ wkb (~ m£l) m. goods sold on cash basisBedok (nakadar£) a. ingratefull, inappriciative,indifferent , thanklessBedh (nakd‚) f. ready money, cashBep (nakab) f. hole made in a wall by thieves,house breaking, burglary~ }Bh (~ zan‚) f. housebreaking, burglaryBeb (nakal) f. copy; duplicate copy; imitation;replica; transcript; mimicry, buffoonery;counterfeit~ T[skoBh (~ ut£rn‚) v.t. to mime, to mimic; tocopy~ eoBk (~ karn£) v.i.t. to copy; to imitate, tomime, to mimic~ wkoBh (~ m£rn‚) v.i.t. to copy (as inexamination)~ bkT[Dh (~ l£uª‚) v.i. to mimic/mime~ bkj[Dh (~ l£huª‚) v.t. to make a duplicatecopyBZeb (nakkal) a. having a long noseBebuh$Bebu{ (nakalch‚/nakalch¤) m. imitator;mimic, mimicker, mocker, buffoonBebh (nakal‚) a. false; not real; artificial,counterfeit, imitation; fictitious, fake; dummy,imitativeBebhnk (nakal‚£) m. imitator; mimic, mimickerBeV dkdk (nakaÖ d£d£) m. great-grandfather'sfather~ dkdh (~ d£d‚) f. maternal great-grandfather's mother~ BkBk (~ n£n£) m. maternal great-grandmother's father~ BkBh (~ n£n‚) f. maternal great-grandmother's motherBZek 1 (nakk£) m. the eye of a needle374BZek 2 (nakk£) m. temporary obstruction of earthmade in water channel while watering fields~ y'bQDk (~ kholhª£) v.t. to let water flowthrough~ pzBQDk (~ bänhª£) v.t. to make temporaryobstruction of earth in water channel~ w'VBk (~ moÖn£) v.t. to turn the flow ofwater from one field or plot to anotherBekF (nak£sh) m. engraver, carver, graverBekFh (nak£sh‚) f. the art or profession of carving;engraving, etchingBekj (nak£h) m. marriage according to Muslimrites; Mohammadan marriageBekp (nak£b) m. mask, domino; veil~ g'F (~ posh) m. masked person, veiledpersonBekoBk (nak£rn£) v.t. to deny, to refuse; to refute;to reject; to dishonourBekok (nak£r£) a. handicapped, disabled, incapacitated, slothful, lethargic; worthless,useless, good for nothing (fellow);unfitBekokswe (nak£r£tmak) a. implying refusal,negativeBekokgD (nak£r£paª) m. disability, handicap;indolence, slothfulnessBZekb (nakk£l) m. imitator; mimic, mimickerBe/b (nakel) f. bridle~ gk e/ oZyDk (~ p£ ke rakkhaª£) id. to leadby the nose, to keep under controlBZe' BZe (nakko nakk) adv. filled to the brim, tothe capacityBe"Vk (nakoØÖ£) m. big and fat nose; turned up nose,sneer~ ukVBk (~ ch£Ön£) id. to turn up one'snose atBe"V{ (nakoØÖ¤) m. bottle-noseda. snootyBy;wk (nakhasm£) a. having no master,masterless, patronlessByZN{(nakha¯tÞ¤) a. & m. non-earning; unemployed;idle, a good for nothing fellow, worthlessByok (nakhr£) m. coquettishness, prudery, foppery;

zz''enticing and alluring gesture, trick, pretence~ T[Zuk j'Dk (~ ucch£ hoª£) id. to be veryproudy– B]o/ ;fVnk (– nakhre saÖe£) a. & m.coquettish; coquette, prude~ pk} (~ b£z) a. coquettish, foppish, snobbish,flirtByo/bk$Byo/bh$Byo/b'' (nakhrel£/nakhrel‚/nakhrelo) a.& m. coquettish, foppish,snobbishB]kb; (nakh£las) a. pure, unadulteratedBfyZX (nakhIddh) a. useless, worthless, good fornothing; condemned; inferior, wretchedBy/Xh (nakhedh‚) f. condemnationa. adversativeBy/V (nakherÞ) f. separation, disjunction, disjoining,division, diversionBy/VBk (nakherÞnaØ) v.t. to disjoin, to disunite, toseparate, to detach; to divorceBr 1 (nag) m. precious stone, gem, jewelBr 2 (nag) m. piece or single unit of goods orluggage, item, package, pieceBzr (näg) a. penniless, pauper, poorm. nakedness, nudity, bareness, sham~ j'Dk (~ hoª£) id. to be reduced to poverty,to become penniless~ XVzrk$Bzrk XVzrk(~ dhaÖäg£/ näg£ dhaÖäg£)a. absolutely naked, stark naked, totally nude~ wbzr (~ maläg) a. pauper, penniless, poor,poverty-stricken– G[Zy ~(–bhukkh~) f. penury, poverty,destitutionBrD (nagaª) m. prosodic foot or line comprisingthree short syllablesBrzdDk (ngädaª£) v.t. to quilt, to stitch two piecesof cloth (with padding) with long loose stitchesin an ornamental pattern; to basteBrzdtkT[Dk$BrzzzdkT[Dk(nagädv£uª£/nagäd£uª£)v.t. to cause or get a quilt etc. quiltedBrzdtkJh$BrzdkJh (nagädv£‚/nagäd£‚) f. thework of or the wages for quiltingBrzdk (nagäd£) m. long, loose stitch; a full roundof long loose stitches on a quilt or mattress– Brzd/ s'VBk (–nagäde toÖn£) id. to dosomething extraordinaryBrB (nagan) a. naked, bare, nudeBrBsk (nagant£) f. nakedness, bareness, nudityBrBtkd (naganv£d) m. nudismBrBtkdh (naganv£d‚) a. nudistBrwk (nagm£) m. song, lyric, melodyBro (nagar) m. city, town~ ehosB (~ k‚rtan) m. a religious processiontaken out in the streets reciting hymns, holyprocession~ fBrw (~ nIgam) f. municipal corporation~ gsh (~ pat‚) m. mayor~ gkbek (~ p£lk£) f. municipal committee,municipality~ tk;h (~ v£s‚) m. citizen, towns man; urbanpopulationBroh (nagr‚) f. city, town; co-citizenBzrk (näg£) a. naked, nude, bare, undraped,unclothed, uncovered; stripped, obscene;exposed~ j' ikDk (~ ho J£ª£) v.i. to become nakedid. to be exposed, to be unmasked~ eoBk (~ karn£) v.t. to unclothe; to uncoverid. to expose, to revealBrkok (nag£r£) m. kettle-drum– BrkoykBk (– nag£rkh£n£) m. the placewhere drums are kept and beaten– Brkouh (– nag£rch‚) m. drummer– Brko/ dh u'N Bkb (–nag£re d‚ cho¯ n£l) adv.by the beat of the drum, openly, publicly~ w{ZX/ j' ikDk (~ muØddhe ho J£ª£) id. to losethe ground, to be defeatedBrhBk (nag‚n£) m. gem, precious stoneBr{Dk (nag¤ª£) a. trifling, trivial, paltryBzr/} (nägez) m. nakedness, nudity, nudeness;private parts of human bodyBzr/}tkd (nägezv£d) m. nudismBr"oh (nagoØr‚) a. (bulls) belonging to Nagaur districtin Rajasthan known for its prized breed375

Bx'u (naghoch) f. cavil, fault findingBx'upk}h (naghochb£z‚) f. censoriousness, faultfindingBx'uh (naghoch‚) a. censorious, fault-findingm. caviller, faultfinder, punctilious, squeamishBZuDk (nacchaª£) v.i. to dance; to gambol, to frisk,to caper~ Bk nkt/ fcN/ w{zj r'fvnK dk (~ n£ £ve phI¯em¤Ûh goÔe£Û d£) prov. a bad workman quarrelswith his tools– fe;/ d/ fJFko/ s/ ~ (–kIse de Ish£re te ~) id.to dance to someone's tuneButkT[Dk (nachv£uª£) v.t. to make one to dancethrough someone, to have one danceBukT[Dk (nach£uª£) v.t. to make or cause one todance; to play cat and mouse with, to makeone dance to one's tune– T[ArbhnK s/ ~ (–uÛgl‚£Û te ~ ) id. to make onedance to one's tune– Buk wkoBk (– nach£ m£rn£) id. to harasssomeone by dictating to do this or thatBuko (nachaØr) a.& m. dancer, danseurBuh} (nach‚z) a. abject, trifle, nought, nothing;poor, pernnilessBSZso (nachhattar) m. star; constellation; fate,luck~ ;pzXh (~ sabädh‚) a. siderealB}dhe (nazd‚k) adv. near, close, adjacent, nearby, vicinityB}dheh (nazd‚k‚) a. close, nearf. neighbourhood, nearness, adjacency;proximity, propinquity; near relative, flesh andblood, next of kin; nearness, closenessB}w (nazam) f. poem, verse, poetryB}o 1 (nazar) f. eyesight, sight, vision; look, glance;view, opinion; grace/favour of God; evil eye;gift, present~ T[skoBk (~ ut£rn£) id. to undo the effectsof an evil eye~ nzdk} eoBk (~ äd£z karn£) id. to close one'seyes to; to overlook, to ignore, to neglect~ nkT[Dk (~ £uª£) v.i. to be in sight, to bevisible; to be evident~ ;kBh (~ s£n‚) f. review~ f;ZXh j'Dk (~ sIddh‚ hoª£) id. to have favours,to have grace (of God)~ eoBk (~ karn£) id. to present, to offer~ u[okT[Dk (~ chur£uª£) id. to be unable tolook one in the face; to avoid meeting(someone), to evade~ EZb/ (~ thalle) adv. under supervision, undersurveillance~ EZb/ Bk nkT[Dk (~ thalle n£ £uª£) id. to havefine/high tastes or liking~ EZb/ Bk fbnkT[Dk (~ thalle n£ lI£uª£) id. notto like (person or thing); to look down upon, todespise~ d[VkT[Dk (~ duÖ£uª£) id. to look about, tolook around~ Bk mfjoBk (~ n£ tÞheØhrn£) id. to be dazzled~ Bk ofjDk (~ n£ reØhª£) id. to lose vision/eyesight~ gSkDBk (~ pachh£ªn£) id. to guess fromone's looks~ gEok ikDk (~ pathr£ J£ª£) id. having theeyes petrified (before death); to be stunned, tobe wonder-struck~ g?Dk$g?Dh (~ peت£/peت‚) id. to catch sightof, to happen to see~ pukT[Dk (~ bach£uª£) id. to avoid the looksof, to evade~ pZN{ (~ ba¯¯¤) m. some thing ugly used forwarding off bad effects of evil~ pdbDk (~ badalª£) id. to change one'sattitude, to behave indifferently~ Go e/ d/yDk$t/yDk (~ bhar ke dekhª£/vekhª£) id. to look attentively; to givesomeone the eyes; to throw sheep's eyes at~ wkoBk (~ m£rn£) id. to have a bird's eyeview, to glance at, to look over~ oZyDk (~ rakkhaª£) id. to have an eye to, tokeep an eye on, to keep watch; to hope~ bZrDk (~ laggaª£) id. to be a prey to an evileye, to be effected by another's malevolent376

look~ brkTDk (~ lag£uª£) id. to cast an evil eye~ ftu (~ vIch) adv. in mind; in one's opinion,in one's view– wZd/ ~ (– madde ~) adv. in view, in view of,in consideration of– fwjo dh ~ (– mehar d‚ ~) f. favourableattitude, favour– fwjo dh ~ eoBk (–mehar d‚ ~ karn£) id. tolook with favour on- B}okfJnk (–nazr£e£) a. victim of evil eye– B}oK uko eoBhnK (-nazr£Û ch£r karn‚£Û ) id.to exchange glances~ iwkT[DhnK (~ Jam£uª‚£Û) id. to give someonethe eye~ s'A frokT[Dk (~ toÛ gIr£uª£) id. to look downupon~ s'A fvZrDk (~ toÛ dÞIggaª£) id. to fall in theestimation (of), to fall in one's eyes~ c/o b?Dk (~ pher leت£) id. to behaveindifferently~ fwbDhnK (~ mIlª‚£Û ) id. to fall in love; toexchange glances~ ftu nkT[Dk (~ vIch £uª£) id. to come inone's knowledge~ ftu yNeDk (~ vIch kha¯akª£) id. to be aneyesoreB}o 2 (nazar) m. present, offering, gift~ eoBk$ d/Dk (~ karn£/deª£) id. to offer, topresent, to giftB}opzd (nazarbäd) a. & m. confined, underdetention,detained, detenu, interneeB}opzdh (nazarbäd‚) f. confinement, detention,house arrest, internmentB}okBk (nazar£n£) m. present, gift, offeringB}ohnk (nazr‚£) m. view point, stand point, attitude,point of view; aspect, approachB}bk (nazl£) m. catarrh, bad cold, rheum~ froDk$ fvrDk (~ gIrª£/ dÞIgª£) id. to be atarget of someone's anger~ MkVBk (~ Jh£Ön£) id. to give vent to one'sanger377B}kes (naz£kat) f. delicacy, elegance, tenderness,coquetry, daintiness; seriousness (of time,situation etc.)B}ks (naz£t) f. deliverance, emancipation,salvation; riddance; liberation, freedom~ j'Dh$ fwbDh (~ hoª‚/mIlª‚) id. to get rid of;to heave a sigh of reliefB}kw 1 (naz£m) m. system, orderB}kw 2 (naz£m) m. title of the Muslim rulers offormer Hyderabad StateB}kok (naz£r£) m. scene, sight, spectacle, scenery,glance, view, vista~ nkT[Dk (~ £uª£) id. to get pleasure, to enjoyfully~ pzBQDk (~ bänhª£) v.t. to make others spellbound~ b?Dk (~ leت£) v.i. to enjoy, to get pleasure, totake joy in~ ftykT[Dk (~ vIkh£uª£) id. to teach a lesson,to settle score withBfiZmDk (naJI¯tÞhaª£) v.t. to settle; to tackle; tosee a thing done, to accomplish, to complete,to endure, to suffer; to faceB}ho 1 (naz‚r) f. example, likeness, precedent,parallel, equal; eyesight, sightBi{w (naJ¤m) m. astrology, fortune telling;foretelling, prediction, forecast, prophecyBi{wh$Bi{whnk (naJ¤m‚/naJ¤m‚£) m. astrologer,fortune-teller; predictor, foreteller; stargazerB}{b (naz¤l) m.& a. falling, descending, descent;government land, escheated propertyBN (na¯) m. rope-dancer, rope walker, funambulist;acrobat, equilibrist; member of professionaltribe of acrobats; actor, comedianBNyN (na¯kha¯) a. naughty, mischievous; francer,prankishBNpk}h (na¯b£J‚ ) f. acrobaticsBZmDk (na¯tÞhaª£) v.i. to run, to race, to jog; tobreak one's promise; to flee, to run away– BZm ikDk (–na¯tÞh J£ª£) id. to take to one'sheels, to show a clean pair of heels, to runaway~ GZi (~bhaJJ) f. running-about, fluster, hurry-

about, bustle, hurry-scurry; endeavour, effortBmkT[Dk (na¯h£uª£) v.t. to make to run; to maketo flee/elope; to give a defeat– BZmk b? ikDk (–na¯tÞh£ leØ J£ª£) id. to abductBZYVk$BZYk (naÔÔhaÖ£/naÔÔh£) m. young man,youth, ladBZYVh$BZYh (naÔÔhaÖ‚/naÔÔh‚) f. young girl,young woman, damsel, denoiselle, lassieBDd (naªad) f. husband's sister, sister-in-lawBDd'Jhnk (naªdo‚£) m. husband of husband's sister,brother-in-lawBskesk (nat£kt£) m. weak, feeble, withoutstrengthBskesh (nat£kt‚) f. weakness, feebleness, lackof strength, debility, infirmityBsh (nat‚) f. daughter of the great grandsonBZsh (natt‚) f. small ear-rings worn by menBshik (nat‚J£) f. result (of examination etc.);consequence, outcome; final result, conclusion~ eZYDk (~ kaÔÔhaª£) id. to draw conclusion;to declare result~ G[rsDk (~ bhugtaª£) id. to bear theconsequences– Bshi/ ti'A (–nat‚Je vaJoÛ) adv. as a result,consequentlyBZE (natth) f. an ornament of nose worn by marriedwoman, nose ring; nose string for animals~ Be"Vk (~ nakoØÖ£) m. metallic nose ring (foranimals)~ gkT[Dk (~ p£uª£) id. to bring under one'scontrol, to bridleBZEDk (natthaª£) v.t. to bring under one's control;to bridle; to put a string into the nose of ananimalBZEDh (natthaª‚) f. small nose-ringBZEh (natth‚) a. attached, annexed, appended,tagged; tied; fastenedf. appendage, affixture~ eoBk (~ karn£) v.t. to tag, to attachBZE{ y?ok (natth¤ kheØr£) m. any Tom, Dick & HarryBdo (nadar) f. divine grace; sight378Bdkws (nad£mat) f. regret, repentance, remorse;mortification; shame; humiliation, disgrace~ T[mkT[Dh (~ u¯h£uª‚) id. to put up with a lotof discomfiture; to suffer humiliationBdhD (nad‚ª) m. weeds~ eZYDk (~ kaÔÔhaª£) v.t. to weed outBdhd (nad‚d) a. scarce; unavailable, rareBdhdk (nad‚d£) a. greedy, rapacious– BdhfdnK tKr{z t/yDk (–nad‚de£Û v£Ûg¤Û Ûvekhaª£) id. to caste a greedy look, to lookrapaciouslyBBj/; (nanhes) f. mother-in-law's mother, grandmother-in-lawBzBk (nän£) m. denial, refusala. negative~ gVQBk$ cVBk$ cVh oZyDk (~ paÖhn£/~phaÖn£/~ phaÖ‚ rakkhaª£) id. to refuse, tosay no, to adopt a negative attitudeBzBQk (nänh£) a. tiny, very small, young, little~ w[zBk (~ mün£) m. small child, tiddlerBBkD (nan£ª) f. husband's sister, sister-in-lawBBkDtJhnk (nanaتva‚£) m. husband of husband'ssister, brother-in-lawBfBn"jok$BfBnj[ok (naneoØhr£/naneahur£) m.mother-in-law's father, grand-father-in-lawBfBn"jo/ (naneoØhre) m. mother-in-law's parentalsideBZgDk (nappaª£) v.t. to press, to squeeze; tostrangle (throat); to bury (dead body); to catch,to nipBgtkT[Dk$BgkT[Dk (napv£uª£/nap£uª£) v.t. toget or cause to be measured; to make/causeto be pressedBgtkJh$BgkJh (napv£‚/nap£‚) f. the process ofor wages for measuring etc.BghVBk (nap‚Ön£) v.t. to squeeze/press/ compress;to wringBg[z;e (napüsak) m. & a. impotent; coward, timid,weak-heartedBg[z;esk (napüsakt£) f. impotence; sexual weakness;cowardiceBg[Zsk (naputt£) a. issueless, childless

B\; (nafas) m. ego, self; lust, passionB\;gq;s (nafasprast) a. self-indulgent; sensual,lecher, lewd, licentiousB\;gqqq;sh(nafasprast‚) f. self-indulgence, sensuality,lechery, lewdness, licentiousnessB\o (nafar) m. slave; servantB\os (nafarat) f. hatred, hate, abhorrence, disgust,scorn, contempt, abomination~ nzr/} (~ ägez) a. hateful, abhorrent,disgusting, repugnant, obnoxious~ eoBh (~ karn‚) v.t. to hate, to dislike, to abhorB\oh (nafar‚) f. number of persons, numericalstrength (of soldiers and policemen)B\k (naf£) m. profit, gain; benefit, advantage;bonus, premium~ B[e;kB (~ nuks£n) m. profit and loss; prosand consB\k;s (nafaØsat) f. refinedness, fineness,sophistication, delicacyB\ky'o (naf£khor) a. profiteerB\ky'oh (naf£khor‚) f. profitablenessBf\ZN (nafI¯¯) a. unfit, worthless, unableB\h (naf‚) f. subtractionB\h; (naf‚s) a. refined, nice, decent, sophisticated;delicate, fine; excellent, exquisite, superbB\hoh (naf‚r‚) f. the Indian clarinet, oboe, fifeBp} (nabaz) f. pulse~ gSkBDk (~ pachh£nª£) id. to knowsomeone out and out~ pzd j' ikDk (~ bäd ho J£ª£) id. to breatheone's last~ t/yDk (~ vekhaª£) id. to feel the pulse– ;w/A dh ~ gSkDBk (– sameÛ d‚ ~ pachhaتn£)id. to act according to the circumstances, toact according to the timeBzpo (näbar) m. number; turn (as in a queue);marks, score (as in exam.); digits; special issue(of a magazine)~ bkT[Dk (~ l£uª£) id. to mark; to check andmark the answer sheets of an examination~ bkj[D/ (~ l£huªe) id. to copy numbers offields from the land-register~ tko (~ v£r) adv. serial wise; by turn, turn byturn– nZtb ~ (– avval ~) a. first class, excellent– eqw ~ (– kram ~) m. serial numberBzpodko (näbard£r) m. village headman; aninfluential person appointed by the govt. tocollect land revenue; headmanBzpodkoh (näbard£r‚) f. village headmanshipBzpoh 1 (näbar‚) f. exercise (in maths text books)Bzpoh 2 (näbar‚) a. & m. notorious, illfamed; bearinga number, numbered; fellow soldier, comrade;established, regular– d; Bzpohnk (– das näbr‚£) m. a person whois enlisted as an offender in the blacklist ofpoliceBpkbr (nab£lag) a. under age, minor, wardBph (nab‚) m. divine messenger, prophetBp{d (nab¤d) a. ruined, destroyed~ eoBk (~ karn£) id. to ruin, to annihilate, toeradicate, to liquidate, to wipe out– B/;s' ~ eoBk (– nesto ~ karn£) id. toannihilate, to eradicateBZp/ (nabbe) a. ninety– BZfpnK dk xkNk j'Dk (– nabbe£Û d£ gh£¯£hoª£) id. to suffer a great lossBZp/tK (nabbev£Û) a. ninetiethBGkrk (nabh£g£) a. unfortunate, unluckyBw (nam) a. damp, moist, wetBw;eko (namask£r) f. term of salutation, greeting;adoration, obeisance~ efjDk / eoBk (~ keØhª£ / karn£) v.i.t. togreet, to saluteBw;s/ (namste) f. term of greeting/salutationBwe (namak) m. sodium chloride, salt~ jokw (~ har£m) a. ungrateful, thankless;disloyal, traitor~ jokw eoBk (~ har£m karn£) id. to bite thehand that feeds one~ jokwh (~ har£m‚) f. ungratefulness,thanklessness. disloyalty, ingratitude~ jbkb (~ hal£l) a. grateful, faithful, loyal,true to one's salt379

~ jbkbh (~ hal£l‚) f. gratefulness, loyalty,faithfulness~ ykDk (~ kh£ª£) id. to be indebted, to begrateful~ dk jZe ndk eoBk (~ d£ hakk ad£ karn£) id.to be loyal or faithful to one's master~ fwou bkT[Dk (~ mIrch l£uª£) id. to add fuelto fire, to exaggerate by deliberate addition tosomething– ;KGo ~ (– s£Ûbhar ~) m. salt made from thewater of sambhar lake- ekbk ~ (– k£l£ ~) m. a kind of rock salt whichis of deep red colour & is usually used inmedicines, black salt– i]wK s/ ~ fSVeDk (–Jak¸m£ Ûte ~ chhIÖkaª£)id. to add insult to injury, to add one afflictionto another– gkfe;skBh ~ (– paØkIstaØn‚ ~) m. salt of themines of khioraBweyko (namakh£r) m. person brought up bysomeone; person under obligationBwedkBh (namakd£n‚) f. salt–cellar, salt-box ,salt-potBwehB (namak‚n) a. salty, salted, saltish, salineBwehBgD (namak‚npaª) m. saltiness, salinityBwdk (namd£) m. a kind of blanket, feltBwdko (namd£r) a. wet, damp, humid, moistBwod (namard) a. impotent; emasculate; coward,chicken-hearted, unmanly, poltroonBwkfJF (namaØesh) f. exhibitionBwkfJzdk (nam£ïd£) a. representative, agentBwki (nam£J) f. (Muslim's) prayer~ gVQBh (~ paÖhn‚) v.i. to offer prayer(byMuslims)– i[w/ dh ~ (– Jume d‚ ~) f. a special prayeroffered by the Muslims on every FridayBwkirkj (nam£Jg£h) f. a place where Muslimprayer is performedBwkih (nam£J‚) m. & a. a person regular inperforming (Muslim) prayer, one who performs(Muslim) prayer regularlyBfwZs (namItt) adv. on someone's account, onbehalf ofBwh (nam‚) f. moisture, dampness, damp,moistness, humidityBwhdko (nam‚d£r) a. moist, humidBw{i (nam¤J) m. good reputation, fame; honour,name; shyness, bashfulness, modestyBw{d Bk ofjDk (nam¤d n£ reØhª£) id. to beeradicated, to be annihilatedBw{dko (nam¤d£r) a. visible, apparent~ j'Dk (~ hoª£) v.i. to become visible; toappearBw{Bk (nam¤n£) m. type, kind; model, type; sample,specimen; pattern, design; example~ pDBk (~ baªn£) id. to put on a motley garb~ wkso (~ m£tar) adv. a bit, a little~ b?Dk (~ leت£) v.t. to take sample– Bw{B/ dk (– nam¤ne d£) a. typicalBw{Bhnk (nam¤n‚£) m. pneumonia– vpb ~ (– dÞabal ~) m. severe pneumonia,severe inflammation of the lungsBw{B/dko (nam¤ned£r) a. of decorative design orpatternBw'Fh (namosh‚) f. humiliation, shame, disgrace,dishonour, stigma, slur, discomfitureBo (nar) m. man; male, masculine; virile, brave~ Bkoh (~ n£r‚) m. male and female, men andwoman,~ wkdk (~ m£d£) m. male and femaleBo; (nars) f. nurseBo;oh (narsar‚) f. nursery; nursery class~ ;e{b (~ sak¤l) m. nursery schoolBof;zrk (narsïg£) m. trumpet, hornBoe (nark) m. hell, inferno; very dirty spot, pit~ e[zv (~ küÔ) f. infernal pond~ dh GZmh ftu M'eDk (~ d‚ bha¯¯h‚ vIchJhokaª£) id. to give someone hell~ B{z$ftu ikDk (~ n¤Û Û/vIch J£ª£) id. to go tohell~ fgnk j'Dk (~ pe£ hoª£) id. to be very dirty~ G'rDk (~ bhogaª£) id. to lead a miserablelife; to suffer infernal agony380

– BoeK ftu gJ/ j'Dk (– nark£Û vIch pae hoª£)id. to be in hell, to suffer extremely, to lead amiserable lifeBoeh (nark‚) a. hellishBor; (nargas) narcissus (flower and plant),jonquilla, Narcissus jongwillaBor;h (nargas‚) a. of the colour of narcissus,resembling narcissusBork (narg£) m. noose, central square (of diceboard)~ gkT[Dk (~ p£uª£) v.t. to noose, to surroundBozrh (naräg‚) f. small orange; orange colourBose (nartak) m. male dancerBoseh (nartak‚) f. female dancer, dancing girlBod (narad) f. chessman; chess-piece~ g[rDh (~ pugaª‚) v.i. to achieve one's goal– BodK g[ZmhnK j'Dk (– nard£Û pu¯tÞh‚£Û hoª£)id. to be defeated, to lose the groundBow (naram) a. soft, tender; delicate, fragile;lenient, gentle~ eoBk (~ karn£) v.t. to soften; to cool down;to relax (rules)~ row (~ garam) a. the rough and the smooth~ r'Fk (~ gosh£) m. soft corner, tender feelings~ fdb (~ dIl) a. kind hearted, tender hearted,compassionate, gentle~ gzEh (~ päth‚) m. a person who holdsmoderate views, moderateBowk (narm£) m. a superior variety of cotton orits plantBowkJh$Bowh (narm£‚/narm‚) f. softness,tenderness; leniency, gentleness~ rowh (~ garm‚) f. joys & sorrows, pleasureand painBoV (naraÖ) m. tight tying of two animals togetherin order to control them; ill-match, an illassorted couple, misfitBoVBk (naraÖn£) v.t. to tie tightly, to fastentogetherBoVk (naraÖ£) m. the inner hard part of carrot/onion etc.BokfJD (nar£en) m. Lord Vishnu; God381– Bed ~ (–nakad ~) m. ready moneyBok} (nar£z) a. angry, annoyed; offended~ eoBk (~ karn£) v.t. to annoyBok}rh (nar£zg‚) f. annoyance, displeasure,indignation,Boksk$Boks/ (nar£t£/naraØte) m. one of the firstnine days of the bright half of the lunar monthsof Chet and Assu, dedicated to the worship ofGodess Durga; nine days of fasting observedafter every six monthsBo/F (naresh) m. kingBo/b (narel) m. coconutBo'nk (naro£) a. healthy, hale and hearty, strongBb 1 (nal) m. tap, hand pump; tube, pipe barrelBb 2 (nal) m. testicle, testis; bladder, urethraBbek (nalk£) m. hand pump; tap, water tapBbeh (nalk‚) f. bamboo tube; test tube; pipe; reelof threadBbkfJe (nal£ek) a. hopeless, unable, unskillful,dull; weak, unfit, incapable, worthlessBbkfJeh (nalaØek‚) f. disability, dullness, incapabilityBbh 1 (nal‚) f. running mucus from the nose, snivel;running nose~ u'-u' (~ cho-cho) m. a child whose nosealways snivels, snivellerBbh 2 (nal‚) f. pipe made of metal etc.; glass pipe;a bamboo pipe; strawBbhdko (nal‚d£r) a. tubular, tubuliferousBt (nav) a. of recent origin, new, novel, newBtiks (navJ£t) a. new born, nascent; neonate(child)BtihtB (navJ‚van) m. new lifeBtfBowkD (navnIrmaØnÞ) m. neologismBtzpo (naväbar) m. NovemberBt:[r (navyug) m. new era, new ageBtK (nav£Û) a. new, novel, recent; original; modern~ eoBk (~ karn£) v.t. to renew; to renovate;to eat some fruit/vegetable etc.for the first timein the season~ ekok S/VBk (~ k£r£ chheÖn£) id. to make anew move; to start a quarrel afresh~ fynkb (~ khI£l) m. a stroke of genius

~ uzB ukVQBk$~ r[b fybkT[Dk (~ chän ch£Öhn£/~ gul khIl£uª£) id. to do something bad whichis unexpected and untoward; to start a newmischief, to make a new move~ u/bk (~ chel£) m. neophyte, novice~ iBw j'Dk (~ Janam hoª£) id. to recoverfrom serious illness, to regain life; to haverebirth~ Be'o (~ nakor) a. brand new, afresh,absolutely new~ Bo'nk (~ naro£) a. healthy, sound; strongand physically fit~ BtK (~ nav£Û) a. recent, modern, latest; freshadv. newly, new; fresh, freshly, recently~ Bt/bk (~ navel£) a. fresh and young , brandnew; unique; strange~ B"A fdB g[okDk ;" fdB (~ noØÛ dIn pur£ª£ soØdIn) prov. old is gold, new brooms are notbetter than the old ones– BtK gD (–nav£Ûpaª) m. newness, modernity;novelty– BthA rZb B"A fdjkV/ (– nav‚ Ûgall noØÛ dIh£Öe)prov. nine days wonder~ g'u (~ poch) m. new generation, young blood~ o'FBh (~ roshn‚) f. new culture, modernism~ bhj s'oBh$gkT[Dh (~ l‚h torn‚/p£uª‚) id. topave the new way for– Bt/A f;foUA(– naveÛ sIreoÛ) adv. afresh fromthe beginning, at the rootBtQkT[Dk (navh£uª£) v.t. to bath, to give a bathBtkp (nav£b) m. count, nawab, baron; a personwho leads a luxurious lifeBtkp}kdk (nav£bz£d£) m. son of count/nawab~ pDBk (~ baªn£) id. to give oneself airs; tolive like a dandyBtkph (nav£b‚) a. pertaining to nawab/count,baronetcyf. title/designation of countBtko (nav£r) f. a kind of cotton/nylon threadwoven long, thick and broad tape usedfor stringing cots, webbing tapBtkoh (nav£r‚) a. strung with tapeBtkbk (nav£l£) m. morselBftnkT[Dk (nave£uª£) v.t. to make a documentvalid for a further period, to renewBth; (nav‚s) suff. a suffix indicating the meaningof writer as in ' no}h Bth; ', 'nypko Bth;' etc.BthB (nav‚n) f. newness, noveltya. new, modern, novelBthBheoB (nav‚n‚karan) m. renewal; renovationBt/A f;o/ (naveÛ sIre) adv. afresh, again from thebeginning, all over againBt/ebk (navekal£) a. alone, solitary, isolated;especial, reserved; exclusivelyBt/ebkgD(navekal£paª) m. isolation; exclusiveness;noveltyBt/eb/ (navekle) adv. aside, apartBVk (naÖ£) m. a kind of thin, hollow bamboo, reedwith a hollow; weaver's shuttle– BV/ tKr T[pVBk (– naÖe v£Ûg ubaÖn£) id. towork continuously/ constantly; to talk nonstopBfVQBtK (naÖhInv£Û) a. ninety ninthBfVQBt/A (naÖhInveÛ) m. ninety nine~ d/ r/V ftu g?Dk (~ de geÖ vIch peت£) id. tobe crazy about increasing bank balance, to beengrossed in the accumulating wealthBVh (naÖ‚) f. a kind of reed; pipe of a hubblebubble~ wko (~ m£r) a. & m. one who uses hubblebubble/tobaccoBk (n£) intj. no, notpref. a prefix expressing negative meaningas in ' Bk;wM ', ' Bktkec ' etc.~ fJZXo d/ oj/ Bk T[ZXo d/ (~ Iddhar de rahe n£uddhar de) prov. neither fish nor fowl,fallbetween two stools~ ;oBk (~ sarn£) id. to be unable to pull on; tobe indispensable~ j{z eoBk Bk jK eoBk (~ h¤Û Ûkarn£ n£ h£Û karn£)id. to keep silent, to keep mum~ e[M b?Dk Bk e[M d/Dk (~ kuJh leت£ n£ kuJhdeª£) id. to have no concern with, to keeponeself aloof, to be indifferent~ ikD/ (~ J£ªe) adv. perhaps, may be382

~ sK (~ t£Û) adv. or, else, otherwise, if not~ fsZso Bk pN/o (~ tIttar n£ ba¯er) prov. neitherfish flesh not good red herring~ fszB Bk s/oK ftu j'Dk (~ tÏn n£ ter£Û vIch hoª£)id. to hold in no account~ dk jkew (~ d£ h£kam) m. rubber stamp~ X/sk Bk g[s/sk j'Dk (~ dheta n£ putet£ hoª£)id. to have no relation~ Gb/ ftu j'Dk Bk p[o/ ftu j'Dk (~ bhale vIchhoª£ n£ bure vIch hoª£) id. to be totallyindifferent~ wkso dk(~ m£tar d£) a. & adv. namely,nominal, negligible, slightBK (n£Û) m. name~ T[Zxk eoBk (~ uggh£ karn£) id. to earn aname and fame~ T[Skfbnk ikDk (~ uchhaØle£ J£ª£) id. to bedefamed~ ;[D e/ ikB fBebDk (~ suª ke J£n nIkalª£)id. to get scared, to be frightened~ eZfNnk ikDk (~ ka¯¯e£ J£ª£) id. (for thename) to be struck off~ ewkT[Dk (~ kam£uª£) id. to win laurels, toearn a name~ yZNDk (~ kha¯¯aª£) id. to win one's spurs,to win laurels~ sZe Bk b?Dk (~ takk n£ leت£) id. not tomention at all~ s'A ezpDk (~ toÛ käbaª£) id. to get scared, tobe frightened, to be afraid~ E/j Bk j'Dk (~ theh n£ hoª£) id. to beforgotten; to be obliterated~ dk (~ d£) adv. in name; only to say~ dk]b eokT[Dk (~ d£kÝhal kar£uª£) id. toget one's name enlisted, to get enrolled~ XoBk (~ dharn£) id. to blame; to name, togive name; to baptise~ Bk j'Dk (~ n£ hoª£) id. to get no credit, tohave no name~ fBFkB (~ nIsh£n) m. existence, entity, trace,mark , clue~ B{z (~ n¤Û Û) adv. nominally; for the sake of383~ B{z uko uzB bkT[Dk (~ n¤Û Û ch£r chän l£uª£)id. to add feathers to one's cap, to achievename, to gain a good name~ B{z XZpk bZrDk (~ n¤Û Ûdhabb£ laggaª£) id. tobe defamed, (for the name) to be slurred~ B{z bhe bkT[Dk (~ n¤Û Ûl‚k l£uª£) id. to bring abad name~ gZNh (~ pa¯¯‚) f. name plate, sign board~ g?dk eoBk (~ peØd£ karn£) id. to earn a name~ wkso (~ m£tar) adv. nominal, very little~ o'FB j'Dk (~ roshan hoª£) id. to have agood name, to become famousv.i. to be well known~ o'FB eoBk (~ roshan karn£) id. to bringcredit to, to win oneself a name~ bJh (~ la‚) adv. for name; nominally~ bZrDk (~ laggaª£) id. to be blamed~ btkT[Dk (~ lav£uª£) id. to transfer propertyor money on someone's name, to make will~ bkT[Dk (~ l£uª£) id. to blame, to accuse~ b/tk (~ lev£) m. heir, successor~ b? e/ ihT{Dk (~ leØ ke J‚¤ª£) id. to be in love;to be very close~ ftrkVBk (~ vIg£Ön£) id. to spoil therepute ofBkT[whd (n£um‚d) a. hopeless, without hope,disappointed, despairedBkT[whdh (n£um‚d‚) f. hopelessness, disappointment,despairBknok (n£ar£) m. sloganBkno/pk}h (n£arebaØz‚) f. slogan mongering, sloganshoutingBkfJe (n£ek) m. leader, chief, hero, protagonist;an army rank equivalent of corporalBkfJek (n£Ik£) f. heroineBkfJs\keh (n£Itf£k‚) f. disunity, want of union,disunionBkfJp (n£eb) m. deputy; assistant; scribeBkfJph (n£Ib‚) f. office or status of deputyBkJh (n£‚) m. barber, hairdresser, tonsor; a caste~ dh nko;h jo fe;/ d/ jZE (~ d‚ aØrs‚ har kIse dehatth) prov. a barber's chair fits all buttocks

BkJhNq'iB (n£‚tÞaroJan) f. nitrogenBkJhb'B (n£‚lon) f. nylonBk; 1 (n£s) f. nostril– Bk;K uVQkT[DhnK(–n£s£Û chaÖh£uª‚£Û) id. tobe angry, to express displeasure, to frown &fret~ u'A X{z eZYDk$ ftu X{z d/Dk (~ choÛØ dh¤ÛÛkaÔÔhaª£/ vIch dh¤Û Ûdeª£) id. to make ittoo hot~ c[bkT[Dk (~ phul£uª£) id. to show offannoyance; to be angry, to frown; to boast, tobrag~ GzBDhnK (~ bhänª‚£Û) v.t. to thrash, to beatseverelyBk; 2 $BkF (n£s/n£sh) f. destruction, decay,ruination, havoc; extermination, eradication,obliteration, annihilation; waste~ eoBk (~ karn£) v.t. to destroy, to ruin; toeradicate, to obliterate, to annihilate; to waste,to spoil~ wko d/Dk (~ m£r deª£) id. to play the evilwing~ wkoBk (~ m£rn£) id. to spoil, to marBkFe (n£shak) m. destroyer, ruiner, devastatorsuff. a suffix as in ÒehNBkFe , 'insecticide'etc.BkFekoh (n£shk£r‚) a. destructiveBk;se (n£stak) a. & m. agnostic, disbeliever inthe existence of God, atheistBk;sesk (n£stakt£) f. disbelief in God, atheism,agnosticism, scepticismBkFsk (n£sht£) m. breakfast; refreshment, lightmealBkFgksh (n£shp£t‚) f. pear, Pyrus communisBk;gkb (n£sp£l) m. peel of pomegranate used asmedicineBk;wM (n£samaJh) a. unwise, foolish, ignorant;childBk-;wMh (n£samJh‚) f. ignorance, foolishness, lackof intelligence; childishnessBk;b (n£sal) a. one having broad nostrilsBkFtkB (n£shv£n) a. perishable, mortal, transient,384transitoryBkFtkBsk (n£shv£nt£) f. perishableness, mortalityBk;k} (n£s£z) a. ill, ailing, unwell, indisposedBkFkd (n£sh£d) a. unhappy, sad, wretched,miserableBkF[eok (n£shukr£) a. ungrateful, ingrate, thanklessBk;{o (n£s¤r) m. a purulent sore or boil which oozesconstantlyBKj (n£Ûh) intj. & m. no, not; refusal, denial~ eok d/Dk (~ kar£ deª£) id. to make to takea vow, to desist from something~ B[Zeo (~ nukkar) f. refusal, denialBke (n£k) suff. a suffix meaning 'full of ' as in'ysoBke' etc.Bke; (n£kas) a. of low standard /quality, worthless,bad, useless; faulty, defectiveBkek (n£k£) m. barrier, barricade, check-post~ uzz[rh (~ chüg‚) m. octroi-post~ pzdh (~ bäd‚) f. blockade, barricade; siegeBkekpb (n£k£bal) a. incapable, unfit, incompetent,inefficient, unworthy– Bk ekpb/ ep{b (–n£ k£ble kab¤l) a.unacceptable; unbelievableBkekpbhns(n£k£bl‚at) f. incapability,incompetence, inefficiency, unfitnessBkekw (n£k£m) a. not successful, unsuccessfulm. failure (person)Bkekwh (n£k£m‚) f. failure, fail, defeatBkeh (n£k‚) m. a person who waters the fieldsBk] (n£kÝh) f. pear, Pyrus communisBky[F (n£khush) a. unhappy, not happy, displeasedBky[Frtko (n£khushgav£r) a. unpleasant,displeasing; saddening; disagreeable, uncongenial;intolerable, unbearableBkr (n£g) m. cobra~ gzuwh (~ pächam‚) f. the fifth day of thebright half of the month of Savan (July-August)on which Hindus worship snakes)Bkr\Bh (n£gfan‚) f. a variety of cactusBkrwDh (n£gmaª‚) f. adder-stoneBkrow'Ek (n£garmoth£) a. fragrant grass usedmedicinally, Cyperus junciflius, cat's tail

Transcendence & Other Random ConsiderationsPRG hit some random 5.10 without so much as an upcurled lip. Somehow, when I climb thesame route I slap the wall like a drowning swimmer. Hanging on the rope I strategize andregroup for a second and third effort straining those last few moves just in order to smack thelower corner of the box. It shatters my ego. I feel the need to go to each and every personon rope and apologize to them for my poor effort, that I really am a better climber than this.I rationalize that I am just out of practice, or that I am not feeling well, that this is within myrange. Of course, I never do apologize and the truth quickly breaks through my justifications.Through all the pain, fatigue, and convulsive emotional jerks the realization that I amjust an intermediate climber rings true and I accept it dutifully and gracefully because oneunderlying truth outshines all the negative emotions I apply so strongly to my life as a jogger/climber/ hiker- the payoff does not lie in the apex of the endeavor.What lies at the heart of the matter is all at once as mundane and matter of fact as it isethereal. This little litmus may be a consideration long ago shrugged off by the more Sharma-esqueathletes doing pullups at the top of the overhang and the spiderheroes clipping invertedon the lead wall but to mere mortals like me it is the carrot that drives me to less burlyadventures with the fervor of a berserker zealot. I assure you I don't foam at the mouth overthe thought of a two thousand foot free solo 5.11. Nor do I lie awake at night sweating over afirst ascent on K2. My waking goals are far more attainable. But while asleep I am every bitas strong as Walter Bonatti or Lynn Hill.My goals are far more modest because how I feel while I do it is far more important tome than being the most competitive. For me, the payoff is the long hike hike on a few hoursof sleep. "Sleep later," I often mutter to myself when I get the rare chance to hit some wallin Queen Creek. It's the same joy I feel when I'm plodding along at some forgotten paceon the tenth mile of my local half marathon. I'm tire, for sure, and I even feel like quittingsometimes but I do it because I know in my heart it was what I was meant to do. It is also thesame joy I feel when I'm sitting on my harness, hanging on the rope looking desperately atthe wall at PRG trying to solve the puzzle in front of me. The goal is never topping out butthe simple joy ofclimbing despite the fact that my sloppy style is showcased for all to see. Itmay be a slogan, but it still rings true; "Just Do It".I believe these thing transcend humanity as much as embrace it. I work long after thepoint I need to quit, the rhythm of my feet slapping the road in time to the pendulum swingof my arms and my metronome heart. It is no trance. I work for every inch of ground I gainknowing deep within my core that now, at this very moment, I am as happy and fulfilled asI could possibly be. No money, no car, no career advancement could ever replace the flushin my cheeks as my pounding heart rushes blood over the thinnest margin of skin strainingto cool my body. When I get the privilege of going vertical my back and forearms quiveramcaz.org 15

(one's sister or daughter)~ i'VBk (~ JoÖn£) v.t. to establish relationship(with)~ s'VBk (~ toÖn£) v.t. to break off– foFsk ~ (–rIsht£ ~) m. relationship, kinshipBkE (n£th) m. master, lord; God; a sect of Hinduascetics; any member of this sectBkd (n£d) m. sound; musicBkdkB (n£d£n) a. foolish, silly; senseless, ignorantBkdkBrh (n£d£ng‚) f. foolishness, silliness;senselessness, ignoranceBkdkBh (n£d£n‚) f. foolishness, silliness;senselessness, ignorance; simplicity, naivetyBKdh (naØÛd‚) f. invocationBkB (n£n) m. a kind of thick, flat loaf~ epkp (~ kab£b) m. loaf and mutton~ yskJh (~ khat£‚) m. a kind of crisp biscuit- BkBpkJh$BkB \o'F (- n£nb£‚/n£n farosh) m.bakerBkBek (n£nk£) a. pertaining to mother's familym. spindle side, distaff side~ w/b (~ mel) m. maternal relatives– BkBeh SZe (–n£nak‚ chhakk) f. presents,gifts in the shape of clothes, ornaments, utensilsetc. given by maternal grandfather's family onthe marriage of a grandson or grand daughterBkBfeUA (n£nkeoÛ) adv. from the house/side ofmaternal grandparentsBkBe/ (n£nke) m. mother's paternal family, relativesfrom spindle side, distaff side, maternalgrandfather's family or village~ u/s/ nkT[D/ (~ chete £uªe) id. to be in deepwaters~ dkde/ (~ d£dke) m. mother's and father'spaternal family, relatives of spindle and spearside; kith and kinBkBk (n£n£) m. mother's father, maternalgrandfatherBkBh (n£n‚) f. mother's mother, maternalgrandmother~ wo ikDh (~ mar J£ª‚) id. to become dumb;to be at a loss, to be puzzled/dumb founded~ :kd nkT[Dh (~ y£d £uª‚) id. to be at one'swit's ends, to be in great trouble~ :kd eokT[Dh (~ y£d kar£uª‚) v.t. to teachone a lessonBkg (n£p) m. measurement; measure, dimension;size~ s'b (~ tol) m. weight and measure,measurement~ s'b dh fJekJh (~ tol d‚ Ik£‚) f. standard unitof weight and measurement, moduleBkg;zd (n£pasäd) a. not to ones's liking , disliked,unacceptable, disapproved, detestedBkg;zdrh$Bkg;zdh (n£pasädg‚/n£pasäd‚) f.disliking, disapprovalBkgDk (n£paª£) v.t. to determine the size etc., tomeasureBkgkfJdko (n£p£ed£r) a. undurable, not durable,not lasting; non-dependableBkgke (n£p£k) a. impious, profane; unholy,unchasteBkgkeh (n£p£k‚) f. impiety, profanity; unholiness,unchastityBk\owkB (n£farm£n) a. disobedient, defiant,unchastityBk\owkBh (n£farm£n‚) f. disobedience, defianceBk\k (n£f£) m.naval of musk–deer; musk-bag,musk-gland, musk-podBkp (n£b) f. knobBkpo (n£bar) a. one who refuses to obey, defiant,disobedientBkpokpo (n£bar£bar) a. unequal, different,unmatchedBkpokpoh (n£bar£bar‚) f. inequality, differenceBkpoh (n£bar‚) f. refusal to obey or accept,disobedienceBkpkbr (n£b£lag) a. underage, minorBkG$BkGh (n£bh/n£bh‚) f. navel, centre, pivot;hub (of wheel)Bkw (n£m) m. name, appellation; fame, eminence;mystical word or mantra to recite or meditateupon~ ewkT[Dk (~ kam£uª£) v.i. to earn name and386

fame~ igDk (~ Japaª£) v.i. to recite/ repeat thename~ o; (~ ras) m. ecstasy of meditation~ ofjDk (~ reØhª£) v.i. to be remembered afterdeath, to leave a name behind~ b/tk (~ lev£) m. descendant; follower~ b?Dk (~ leت£) v.i. to recite/ repeat the name;to receive the mystical word or formula froma spiritual teacher, to be initiatedBkwe (n£mak) a. having the name of, known as,called, namedBkweoD (n£mkarª) m. ceremony of naming achild, christeningBkw}d (n£mzad) a. nominated, appointed,designated, co-optedm. nominee~ eoBk (~ karn£) v.t. to nominate, to designate,to appoint (as)Bkw}drh (n£mzadg‚) f. nomination, appointment,designationBkwDk (n£maª£) m. fame, good reputation,eminence, renown, honour~ yZNDk (~ kha¯¯aª£) v.t. to earn name andfameBkwXkoh (n£mdh£r‚) m. a sect of the Sikhs; anymember of this sectBkwB}{o (n£manz¤r) a. disapproved, rejected, notaccepted; disallowed; turned down, dismissedBkwB}{oh (n£manz¤r‚) f. disapproval, refusal,rejection, disapprobationBkwod (n£mard) a. impotent, spad; effeminate,emasculate; coward, timid, unmanlyBkwodh (n£mard‚) f. impotence; effeminateness;cowardice, timidityBkwto (n£mvar) a. famous, renowned, reputed,well-knownBkwtoh (n£mvar‚ ) f. renown, fame, eminence,prominenceBkwtkuh (n£mv£ch‚) gr. denotativeBkwk (n£m£) m. credit, capital, moneyBkwke{b (n£m£k¤l) a. unreasonable, stupid, foolishBkwkfBrko (n£m£nIg£r) m. correspondent,journalist, news reporter~ BkwkfBrkoh (~ naØmaØnIg£r‚) f. journalismBkwkb{w (n£m£l¤m) a. not known, unknown; slight,insignificant, very littleBkwktbh (n£m£val‚) f. nomenclature, a list ofnames, catalogueBkfwbD;ko (n£mIlaªs£r) a. unaffable, unamiable;non-co-operativeBkfwbtosD (n£mIlvartaª) m. non-co-operationBkwh (n£m‚) a. reputed, well-known, famous,renowned, celebrated; notoriousBkw[wfeB (n£mumkIn) a. impossible, not possible,impracticableBkw[okd (n£mur£d) a. having all desires frustrated;unfortunate, ill-fated, ill-omened; childless,issueless; evil, wickedBk:kp (n£y£b) a. not easily available, not to befound, unavailable, rare, scarce; of very highquality, extraordinaryBko (n£r) f. woman, lady, female; wife, betterhalf,spouseBkozrh (n£räg‚) f. a species of small orange, CitrusaurantiumBkod (n£rad) m. makebate, firebrandBkok (n£r£) a. a cow/ox whose horns are round,round horned cow/oxBkoh (n£r‚) f. woman, female, lady; wife, spouse,betterhalfBkohnb (n£r‚al) m. coconut; coconut palm; CocosnuciferaBkb 1 (n£l) intj. with, together with, along,alongwith; alongside; near, near by~ dh Bkb (~ d‚ n£l) adv. at the same time;simultaneously, side by side~ Bkb (~ n£l) adv. alongside, beside (river,stream etc.); together, alongwith~ Bkb uZbDk (~ n£l challaª£) id. to keep pace~ woBk (~ marn£) id. to stand by through thickand thin, to stick to through thick and thin; tocling upon someone, to leech~ bZrdk (~ laggad£) a. adjoining, adjacent387

Bkb 2 (n£l) f. tube, pipe, conduit; drenchera, bamboopipe with which cattle are given medicine etc.;barrel (gun)Bkb 3 (n£l) f. horseshoe, hoofBkbF (n£lash) m. complaint, plaint; law suit, caseBkbk 1 (n£l£) m. a string or cord to tie the trousers,trousers string– Bkb/ gkT[Dh (–n£le p£uª‚) f. a long thin pencilsized stick used for putting string in the trousers/salvar etc.Bkbk 2 (n£l£) m. rivulet, brook; gutter, sewerBkbkfJe (n£l£ek) a. good for nothing, unintelligent,duffer, dull, obtuse; inefficient, inaptBkbkfJeh (n£l£ek‚) f. dullness, obtuseness;inefficiency, inaptnessBkbh (n£l‚) f. drain, sewer, gutter; barrel, muzzle;water pipe; tubeBkb/ (n£le) intj. and; at the same timem. big sewers~ g[zB Bkb/ cbhnK (~ pün n£le phal‚£Û) prov. tokill two birds with one stoneBkb'A (n£loÚ ) adv. comparatively, than~ dh (~ d‚) adv. beside, alongside; near~ Bkb'A (~ n£loÚ) adv. abreast, side by side(with); simultaneouslyBktb (n£val) m. novelBktbeko$Bktfb;N (n£valk£r/n£vlIstÞ) m. novelistBktbekoh (n£valk£r‚) f. the art or practice ofnovel-writingBktfbN (n£vlI¯) m. novelette, novellaBktK 1 (n£v£Û) m. name (plural); entry~ eNtkT[Dk (~ ka¯v£uª£) id. to resign frommilitary servicesBktK 2 (n£v£Û) m. cash, moneyBktke\ (n£vaØkaf) a. unacquainted, unknown, alien,unfamiliar, stranger; ignorant, not informedBktkip 2 (n£v£Jab) a. improper, not proper, unjust,unjustified, undue, unbecomingBkV 1 $BkVh (n£Ö/n£Ö‚) f. vein; blood vessel, artery;pulse, nerve~ s/ jZE oZyDk (~ te hatth rakkhaª£) id. to tryto find someone's secret388~ gqpzX (~ parbädh) m. nervous system~ ftfrnkB (~ vIgI£n) m. neurologyBkV 2 $BkV{nk (n£Ö/n£Ö¤£) m. umbilical cord, navalstringfBT[ik (nIoJ£) m. a kind of nut, pine-seedfBT[Dk (nIoª£) v.t. to be humble, to be gentle; togive way, to yield; to bow, to bend, to stoopfBT[AdDk (nIuÛdaª£) v.t. to solicit the company ofsomeone for an event, to invitefBT[Adk$fBT[Adok (nIuÛd£/nIuÛdr£) m. an invitationto a feast, marriage party; an amount given bythe relatives and friends at a wedding~ gkT[Dk (~ p£uª£) v.i. to give cash amountat a weddingfBT[b (nIol) m. a chain for the feet of camel, horseetc., hobble fetterfBT[bk (nIol£) m. mongoosefBT{ebhno (nI¤kl‚ar) a. nuclearfBnK (nI£Û) m. justice; fair play, rightfulness, equity,logic~ ;zrs (~ sägat) a. rightful, equitable, judicious~ Fk;so (~ sh£star) m. a treatise on logic,logic~ eoBk (~ karn£) id. to hold the scales evenfBnkfJe (nI£ek) a. judicial~ iKu (~ J£Ûch) f. judicial inquiryfBnKeko (nI£Ûk£r) m. judge, justicefBnKxo (nI£Ûghar) m. courtfBnKg{ope (nI£Ûp¤rbak) adv. justly, fairly, rightlyfBnkJhA 1 (nI£‚ Û) f. cultivable land in the immediatevicinity of villagefBnkJhA 2 (nI£‚ Û) adv. like, resemblingfBnk;ok (nI£sr£) a. helpless, without support,shelterless, without means, destitutefBnKFhb (nI£Ûsh‚l) a. just, judiciousfBnKFhbsk (nI£Ûsh‚lt£) f. justness, judiciousness,rationalityfBnKjhD (nI£Ûh‚ª) a. unjust, unfair, irrationalfBnKjhDsk (nI£Ûh‚ªt£) f. unjustness; unfairness,irrationalityfBnkDk 1 (nI£ª£) a. young, inexperienced; babe,

aby, infant, little one, offspring; underage,minor– fBnkDwZs (– nI£ªmatt) f. childish behaviour,childlike intelligence– fBnkD/ f;nkD/ (–nI£ªe sI£ªe) m. young andoldfBnkDk 2 (nI£ª£) m. a rope fastening together thehind legs of a cow while milking~ gkT[Dk (~ p£uª£) v.t. to fasten with ropethe hind legs of a cow while milking; to entangleor control (a person)fBnkws (nI£mat) f. blessing, boon, bounty; veryprecious and rare thing; gift, present; delicacy,treatfBnkok (nI£r£) a. different, uncommon, distinct,separate; strange, queerfBnkokgD (nI£r£paª) m. uncommonness,distinctness, peculiarityfBFegN (nIshkapa¯) a. guileless, unpretentious,artless, ingenious, sincere, honestfBFegNsk (nIshkap¯t£) f. guilelessness,unpretentiousness, artlessness, honestyfBFeoF (nIshkarsh) m. conclusion, result,inference, outcome; essence, substance~ eZYDk (~ kaÔÔhaª£) v.t. to draw conclusion,to conclude, to infer or deducefBFeow (nIshkarm) a. passivefBFekw (nIshk£m) a. free from any wish or desire,free from selfish motive, disinterested, selfless,unselfish~ ;/tk eoBk (~ sev£ karn£) id. to cast one'sbread upon the watersfB;ze'u(nIsäkoch) a. without hesitation, unhesitating,frank, outspoken, shamelessfB;zr (nIsäg) a. without hesitation, unhesitating,frank, without compunction, outspoken,shameless, impudentfBFus (nIshchat) a. definite, certain, decided;fixed, appointedfBFub (nIshchal) a. not moving, stationary, static,immovable, inertfBFuk (nIshch£) m. faith, belief; resolve,resolution, determination, decision; conviction389– fBFu/ jh (– nIshche h‚) adv. certainly, surely~ s/ v'oh SZvDh (~ te dÞor‚ chhaÔÔaª‚) id. topin one's faith to/uponfBFfus (nIshchIt) a. definite, resolved, certain,determined, resolute, sure, exact; settled, fixed,stablefBFfuzs (nIshchït) a. without anxiety, carefree,free from worry, unconcernedfB;skok (nIst£r£) m. emancipation, liberation,salvation, redemption, deliverance; release,relief~ j'Dk (~ hoª£) v.i. to come to noughtfB;fdB (nIsdIn) adv. day and night, always, everfB;cb (nIsphal) a. fruitless, unsuccessful, in vain,useless, ineffective, abortive, infructuousfB;ps (nIsbat) f. ratio, proportion; relation,connection; comparisonfB;psB (nIsbatan) adv. comparatively, relatively,proportionatelyfB;psh (nIsbat‚) a. related, relative, comparative,proportionatelyfBZ;oBk (nIssarrn£) v.i. to blossom, to spring up, toripen, to glow, to sproutfBZ;b (nIssal) a. relaxed, languidfBFk (nIsh£) f. satisfaction, satiety, satiation, fill,surfeit; night~ j'Dh (~ hoª‚) v.i. to satisfy, to satiatev.i.t. to eat or do something to one's entiresatisfactionfBFk;sk (nIsh£st£) m. gluten of wheat, starchfBFkuo (nIsh£char) a. noctambulantfBFkB (nIsh£n) m. mark, sign, blot, stain; scar, spot;flag, standard; brand, trademark, logo, insignia,symbol~ ;kfjp (~ s£hIb) m. Sikh flag, pennant orstandard~ eoBh (~ karn‚) v.t. to demarcate~ d/jh (~ deh‚) f. demarcation- BK ~(- n£Û ~ ) m. existence, trace– nzr{m/ dk ~ (–äg¤¯he d£ ~) m. thumbimpression, a mark of thumb used in place ofsignature

fBFkBuh (nIsh£nch‚) m. marksman, good shot;sniper~ pDkT[Dk (~ baª£uª£) id. to make the targetfBFkBk (nIsh£n£) f. target; aim, object, goal, end;shot, mark~ pzBDk (~ bänª£) v.t. to aim at (weapon); totake aim~ bkT[Dk (~ l£uª£) v.t. to hit the target- fBFkB/pk} (nIsh£neb£z) m. marksman- fBFkB/pk}h (nIsh£neb£z‚) f. shooting,marksmanshipfBFkBh (nIsh£n‚) f. sign; mark; token, memento,emblem; offspring, issue; souvenir, memorialfBF/X (nIshedh) m. prohibition, forbiddance,interdict, ban, tabooa. prohibited, forbidden, banned, taboofBF/Xkswe (nIshedh£tmak) a. prohibitory,prohibitive, proscriptivefBjZEk (nIhatth£) a. without arms, unarmed; emptyhanded, without means~ eoBk (~ karn£) v.t. to disarmfBjkfJs (nIh£et) a. extreme, excessiveadv. extremely, too, very, absolutelyfBjkJh (nIh£‚) f. anvilfBjkDh (nIh£ª‚) f. chisel, a graver type toolfBjkoBk (nIh£ran£) v.t. to look, to see, to beholdfBjkoh 1 (nIh£r‚) f. horse-feed (preparation ofjaggery and flour)fBjkoh 2 (nIh£r‚) f. breakfastfBjkb (nIh£l) a. happy, pleased, delighted;prosperous, wealthy; exalted, elevated, excited;satisfied, satiated, exaltedfBj[z (nehü) m. love, deep attachment, affection,devotion, doting~ bkT[Dk (~ l£uª£) v.i.t. to fall in love (with),to love, to be emotionally attached (to)fBj'ok (nIhor£) m. twit, complaint, reproachfBZe-;[Ze (nIkk--sukk) m. odds and ends, knickknack/nick-nack,miscellaneous articles,snippets, shattersfBeN (nIka¯) a. near, intimate, close; at hand(exam. etc.)390fBeNsw (nIka¯tam) a. & adv. nearest, closest,most intimatefBeNsk (nIka¯t£) nearness, proximity; intimacyfBeNtosh (nIka¯vart‚) a. situated or standing near,proximal, neighbour, adjacent; intimate, closelyrelatedfBezwk (nIkäm£) a. idle, worthless, useless, goodfor nothing; bad, abject; valuelessfBew{os (nIkm¤rat) f. miniature paintingfBew{osh ebk (nIkm¤rt‚ kal£) f. miniature artfBZeo 1 (nIkkar) m. half pants, shorts, knickers,short-pantsfBZeo 2 (nIkkar) m. small lump or piece of rocksalt, jaggery etc.fBeowk (nIkarm£) a. unlucky, unfortunate, ill-fated,luckless, worthless, wretchedfBeb (nIkal) m. nickel, nickel-plating~ eoBk (~ karn£) v.t. to nickel; to nickel platefBebDk (nIkalª£) v.i. to come out, to appear, toemerge, to come forth; to rise (for Sun, Moon);to leave, to make one's exit; to be extracted;to be expelled, excluded; to be due, to amountto (for debit or credit); to be published, (forbooks, journal etc.); to be issued (from); to bedug out/ mined/ excavated (for minerals etc.);to be visiblefBeVk (nIkaÖ£) a. small in stature, diminutivefBeVh (nIkaÖ‚) a. small in stature, petitefBZek (nIkk£) a. small, little, petty; short, tiny; fine,powdery; boy, baby, child~ ghjDk (~ p‚hª£) id. to work laboriously, towork attentively~ w'Nk (~ mo¯£) a. petty, ordinary~ tZvk (~ vaÔÔ£) a. high & low, all and sundryfBek; (nIk£s) m. outlet, egress, drain, exit,discharge, emission, outflow; the act or stateof coming out; source of income; catharsis;evacuation; emergence openingfBekj (nIk£h) m. Mohammedan marriage, nuptial~ gVQBk (~ paÖhn£) id. to perform marriagerites according to the Muslim law~ gVQkT[Dk$ eokT[Dk (~ paÖh£uª£/ kar£uª£)

v.t. to marry through Muslim ritesfBekjBkwk (nIk£hn£m£) m. Muslim marriagecertificate, an agreement of marriagefBekb (nIk£l) m. product, yieldfBekbk (nIk£l£) m. expulsion, ejection, ousting– d/F ~ (–desh ~) m. exile, banishmentfBy;wk (nIkhasm£) a. masterless, uncared for,derelict, unclaimed; homelessfBy;wh (nIkhasm‚) f. in inoffensive abusive wordfor ladies and used by ladiesfByZN{ (nIkha¯¯¤) a. who does not earn, idler, nonearning,unemployed, drone, lazy; worthless,good for nothingfBZyoBk (nIkkharn£) v.i. to clear, to brighten up;to be cleaned or cleansedfByotK (nIkharv£Û) a. bright, brightening, lustrous;clean; bleached; comparatively neat and cleanfByVBk (nIkkhaÖn£) v.i. to part, to separate; todivergefBZyVtK (nIkkhaÖv£Û) a. distinct, discrete, detached,detachable, separable, distinguished, separated;clear-cut; analyticalfByko (nIkh£r) m. lustre, brightness, clearness,cleanliness, sheen, elegancefBykoBk (nIkh£rn£) v.t. to cleanse/clean, to purify,to brighten; to groomfBy[ZNk (nIkhu¯¯£) a. mean, bad, vilefBy/Xtkd (nIkhedhv£d) m. nihilismfBy/Xtkdh (nIkhedhv£d‚) a. nihilistfBy/Xh (nIkhedh‚) f. censure, condemnation,obloquy, opprobriumfBy/V (nIkheÖ) m. analysis, anatomization;separate, sort; distinction, differencefBy/VBk (nIkheÖn£) v.t. to separate, to get apart,to segregate; to discriminate, to single outfBy/VtK (nIkheÖv£Û) a. separating, differentiating,analyticalfBy/Vk (nIkheÖ£) m. separation, disunion;distinction, differentiation~ eoBk (~ karn£) v.t. to differentiate, toseparate, to analysefBrw (nIgam) m. corporation391fBZro (nIggar) a. solid, hard; heavy, weighty, strong;concrete; substantial; massyfBZrosk (nIggart£) f. solidness, solidity, hardness,weight, strengthfBrokB (nIgr£n) f. supervisor, controller, observer,manager, caretaker; invigilator, superintendent,surveillantfBrokBh (nIgr£n‚) f. supervision, observation,invigilation, superintendence, custody; guard,watch~ oZyDk (~ rakkhaª£) v.t. to keep a vigil, tokeep watchfBrbDk (nIgalª£) v.t. to swallow, to gulp; togobble; to engulf; to eat away; to embezzle, tousurpfBrkj (nIg£h) f. eyesight, vision; look, glance;watch~ s/ uVQBk (~ te chaÖhn£) id. to take a fancyfor; to rise in the estimation of~ ftu j'Dk (~ vIch hoª£) id. to be under one'swatch, to be in one's mind~ ftu'A eZYDk (~ vIchoÛ kaÔÔhaª£) id. to havea cursory glance, to glance over– fwjo dh ~ (–mehar d‚ ~) f. a favourablelook, a look of favourfBrQkpkB (nIg£hb£n) a. supervisor, manager;protector, guardianfBrQkpkBh (nIg£hb£n‚) f. supervision, superintendence;protection, guardfBr{Dk (nIg¤ª£) a. having no quality, good fornothing, worthless, without qualities; paltry,insignificant, trifling, nonentity, nobody, niggling,scabbyfBr{Dh(nIg¤ª‚) a. insignificant, triflingfBZx (nIggh) m. warmth, heat, cosiness; affection,ardency, fondness~ j'Dk (~ hoª£) id. to feel protectedfBZxoBk (nIggharn£) v.i. to be swallowed up/gulped up; to deteriorate, to weaken; to sink(as in quick sand); to be submerged, to go underfBxfonk j'fJnk (nIghare£ hoI£) a. good fornothing, worthless, degenerated, dispirited,fallen

fBZxk (nIggh£) a. modestly warm, cosy, tepid, snug;loving, warm hearted, affectionatefBxk; (nIgh£s) m. warmth, cosiness; profit, benefitfBxkoBk (nIgh£rn£) v.t. to swallow, to gulp, toengulf; to cause to sink, to submergefBubk (nIchl£) a. lower, bottom, nether, underfBuZbk (nIchll£) a. silent, quiet, calm; inactive,immobile, motionless, staticfBu'V (nIchoÖ) m. extract, sum and substance,summary; essence, gist, resume, quintessencefBu'VBk (nIchoÖn£) v.t. to squeeze, to press; toextract the juice of a thing; to wring; to strainfBZS (nIchchh) f. sneezefBZSDk (nIchchhaª£) v.i. to sneezefBSkto (nIchh£var) m. sacrifice; offeringa. sacrificed, martyredfBS'j (nIchhoh) a. untouched, brand-newfBi (nIJ) a. personal, private, individual, selffBZi (nIJJ) adv. neverfBist (nIJtav) m. selfhood, individuality, egofBitkd (nIJv£d) m. individualismfBitkdh (nIJv£d‚) a. individualist, individualistic,egoistfB}kw (nIz£m) m. rule, administrative, system,order, management; ruler, administratorfBZih (nIJJ‚) a. personal, individual, own; privatefBZih ;eZso (nIJJ‚ sakattar) m. private secretaryfBMZe (nIJhakk) a. without hesitation, unhesitating,unabashed; fearless, forward, bold, straightforwardfBZm e/ pfjDk (nI¯¯h ke beØhª£) v.i. to squat, to sitwith legs crossed under one's bodyfBvo (nIÔar) a. fearless, undaunted, dauntless,audacious, bold, brave, courageous, unafraid,intrepidfBvosk (nIÔart£) f. fearlessness, dauntlessness,boldness, courage, intrepidity, audacity, temerityfBYkb (nIÔh£l) a. weak, exhausted, extremelytired, weary, wearied, fatigued, languid,depressed, helplessfBZs (nItt) a. daily, each day, everyday; always,ever, constantly392~ dk nkT[Dk ikDk wkB r[nk fdzdk j? (~ d£ £uª£J£ª£ m£n gu£ dïd£ heØ) prov. too muchfamiliarity breeds contempt~ fdjkVh (~ dIh£Ö‚) adv. daily, everyday~ fBZs (~ nItt) adv. always, ever; daily,everyday~ B/w (~ nem) m. routine duty, everyday work,daily routine; meditation, worship~ B/wh (~ nem‚) m. regular in one's routine;regular worshipper; one who has a definiteroutine~ gqsh (~ prat‚) adv. everyday, daily; always,everfBZsoBk (nIttarn£) v.i. to be decanted, to bepurified; to come to surface; to come forwardfBZsotK (nIttarv£Û) a. (liquor) free from sediment,decanted, clarified, distilled, rectifiedfBskDk (nIt£ª£) a. weak, powerless, feeble, frail ,effete, enervate, forceless, faint, devoid ofvitalityfBsko (nIt£r) m. decanted substance, dacantationfBskoBk (nItaØrn£) v.t. to purify by decanting, todecant, to leach, to refine, to clarify; to verify;to distinguish truth from falsehoodfBskok (nIt£r£) m. distinction or separation of trueand false, removal of doubt or suspicion;discernment, discrimination, judgement, justice,verificationfBEktK (nIth£v£Û) m. (one) having nowhere to goto , homeless, shelterless, destitute, abodelessfBzde (nïdak) a. & m. slanderer, traducer, backbiter,defamer, detractor, calumniatorfBzdD:'r (nïdaªyog) a. censurable, reproachable,condemnable, reprehensible, blameable,blamefulfBzdDk (nïdaª£) v.t. to defame, to decry, to sellshort,to talk ill of, to malign, to criticise or condemnbehind one's back, to back bite, to slander, todamn, to vilify, to blasphemefBzdk$fBzfdnk (nïd£/nïde£) f. censure, slander,odium, vilification, reproach, blasphemy~ u[rbh (~ chugal‚) f. back biting, vilification,tale-bearing, calumny, dispraise, evil speaking

fBd'Fk (nIdosh£) a. innocent, blameless, guiltless,not guilty, sinlessfBX$fBXkB$fBXh (nIdh/nIdh£n/nIdh‚) f. wealth,treasury, treasure, trove, valuablesfBXVe (nIdhaÖak) a. unafraid, brave, bold,fearless, daredevil, undaunted, outspoken,audaciousfBgN (nIpa¯) a. & adv. sheer, very, absolute,extreme; settled, decided; extremely, exactly,altogether, exceedinglyfBgNkT[Dk (nIp¯£uª£) v.t. to settle, to decide; tobe finished offfBgNkok (nIp¯£r£) m. settlement, disposalfBZgb (nIppal) m. nipplefBg[z;e (nIpüsak) a. impotent; incapable,incompetent; coward, timidfBg[Zsk (nIputt£) a. issueless, childless; anunoffensive abusive wordfBg[zB (nIpün) a. adept, proficient, skillful, skilled,expert, competent, masterfBg[zBsk (nIpünt£) f. efficiency, proficiency, skill,skillfulness, expertise, competence, masteryfBZp (nIbb) f. nibfBpzX (nIbädh) m. essay, short treatise, article;dissertation, thesisfBpzXeko (nIbädhk£r) m. essayistfBpzXekoh (nIbädhk£r‚) f. the art or practice ofessay-writing, essay writingfBpVBk (nIbarÞn£) v.i. to be brought to an issue, tobe decided, to be settled; to be spent, to befinished; to deal with, to settle score with; tofinish, to endfBzp{ (nïb¤) m. lemon, citrus limonfBzp{ fBu'V (nïb¤ nIchoÖ) m. lemon-squeezerfBp/VBk (nIbeÖn£) v.i. to finish; to perform; to settle,to decide, to bring to an end; to spend, consumeor dispose of; to pay; to dischargefBp/Vk (nIbeÖ£) m. conclusion, end; settlement;finish; speed or pace of executing a task;decision~ eoBk (~ karn£) v.t. to finish, to bring to anend; to carry out or finish speedilyfBp/V{ (nIbeÖ¤) a. quick at work, fast (worker)fBGDk (nIbhaª£) v.i. to be finished, to beperformed; to last, to endure; to pull on(with) , to carry onfBGkT[Dk (nIbh£uª£) v.t. to bring to an issue, toaccomplish, to perform, to fulfil anengagement; to guard, to take care of; to keepone's faith– s'V ~ (– toÖ ~) id. to accompany withfBGkT{ (nIbh£¤) a. constant, faithful, sincere tillthe endfBzw (nÏm) f. margosa tree, Azadirachta indicafBwzsoB (nImätaran) m. invitation~ gZso (~ pattar) m. written invitation,invitation cardfBwB (nIm£n) adv. low, belowfBwBsw (nImantam) a. minimum, lowest, leastfBwBfbys (nImanlIkhat) a. undermentioned,following, given or listed belowfBwo (nImar) a. modest, meek, submissive, humble,courteous, beseechingfBwosk$fBwoskJh (nImart£/nImart£‚) f. modesty,meekness, submissiveness, humbleness,courtesy, humilityfBzwQk (nÏm£) a. dim, low, faint; slight, moderate~ fBzwQk (~ nÏm£) a. low, dim; obscure, dubiousfBwkDk (nImaت£) a. devoid of pride, without pride,simple, humble, meek; disrespected, lowly;poorfBwkDh fJekdFh (nImaت‚ Ik£dash‚) f. a fast whichone observes without taking even waterfBfwZs (nImItt) adv. in the name or memory of,for the sake of, on behalf of, in connection withfBw'M{Dk (nImoJh¤ª£) a. shamefaced, ashamed,dejected, disconsolate, crestfallen, low-spirited,in low spirits, depressed, downcast, crestfallenfBw'bh (nImol‚) f. fruit of margosa treefB:s (nIyat) a. destined, fated; prescribed,specified; intention, motive; fixed, appointed,settled; decided, agreed~ eoBk (~ karn£) v.t. to fix, to appoint, toestablish, determine393

zzfB:zsoD (nIyätaraª) m. control, command,restraint, management~ eoBk$oZyDk (~ karn£/ rakkhaª£) v.t. tocontrol, to manage, to regulate, to restrain; tokeep under, to controlfB:zsfos (nIyätrIt) a. controlled, under control,restrained, regulatedfB:shtkd (nIyat‚v£d) m. predestination, fatalismfB:shtkdh (nIyat‚v£d‚) a. predestinarian, fatalistfB:w (nIyam) m. rule, regulation, norm, canon,principle; line of conduct, an establishedcustom; criterionfB:wpZX (nIyambaddh) a. regulated, regularized,orderly, systematic. regulationfB:wktbh (nIyam£val‚) f. manual, set of rules,code, (book of) rules and regulationsfB:fws (nIymIt) a. regulated, according toprinciples/rules, orderly, normal, regularfB:[es (nIyukat) a. appointed, postedfB:[esh (nIyukat‚) f. appointment, posting,selection; nomination~ gZso (~ pattar) m. appointment letter ororder; nomination paperfB:'iB (nIyoJan) m. ordering, arranging,systematising, appropriationfBo (nIr) pref. of negation; withoutfBoT[sFkj (nIrutshaØh) a. apathetic, unenthusiastic,insipid, dullfBoT[Zd/F (nIruddesh) a. & adv. aimless,purposeless; aimlessly, purposelesslyfBofJZSs (nIrIchchhat) a. involuntaryfBo;(nIrs) a. inferior; without taste, tasteless; lessfBo;ze'u (nIrsäkoch) a. & adv. frank, open,uninhibited, unreserved, unhesitating; freely,openly, without inhibition or hesitation,unreservedly, unhesitatinglyfBo;zskB (nIrsätaØn) a. issuelessfBo;zd/j (nIrsädeh) adv. without doubt,doubtlessly, unquestionably, certainly,undoubtedly, indubitablyfBozzzeko(nIräk£r) a. formless/without form,incorporeal; God, the Formless one, the394AlmightyfBozekoh(nIräk£r‚) a. godly, divinem. name of a sectfBoze[F (nIräkush) a. independent, sovereign;unruly, uncontrolledfBoy (nIrakh) f. knack, ability to judge, examining,discernment; current market rate, cost pricefBoyDk (nIrkhaª£) v.t. to behold, to see; to test,to examine, to evaluate, to discern, to observefBoZyosk (nIrakkhart£) f. illiteracyfBoyh (nIrkh‚) a. assayer, connoisseur, tester,evaluatorfBorzX (nIrgädh) a. odourless, inodorousfBor[D (nIrguª) a. without qualities, withoutattributes, without merit, virtueless, unskilled,transcendentm. the Supreme being, GodfBor[fDnk (nIrguªI£) a. & m. person withoutmerit or goodness, worthless, unskilfulfBoSb (nIrchhal) a. guileless, innocent, artless,candid, naive, sincere; straightforward, frankfBoSbsk (nIrchhaltaØ) a. guilelessness,artlessness; franknessfBoziD (nIräJaª) a. & m. untainted, unstained,spotless, flawless; an attribute of God; GodfBoiB (nIrJan) a. unpopulated, lonely, deserted,uninhabited, desolate~ eoBk (~ karn£) v.t. to depopulatefBoib (nIrJal) a. without water, waterless, dry– fBoibk fJekdFh (–nIrJal£ Ik£dash‚) f. a fastwhich is observed without taking even wateron the eleventh day of the lunar month ofJyaisthafBofizd (nIrJïd) a. lifeless, without life, inanimate,dead, without soulfBoDkfJe p''ov (nIrªaØIk borÔ) m. juryfBos (nIrat) m. dance, dancingfBose$fBoseko (nIrtak/nIratk£r) m. dancerfBosekoh (nIratk£r‚) f. dancing art or performancefBozso (nIrätar) adv. continuously, constantly, ata stretch, without break, uninterruptedlya. ongoing, continuing, continuous

fBozsosk (nIrätart£) f. continuity, continuousnessfBodJh (nIrda‚) a. dispiteous, merciless, cruel,ruthless, pitiless, heartless; tyrannic, brutal,barbarous, atrociousfBod/F (nIrdesh) m. instruction, direction,reference, guidance; order, command~ d/Dk (~ deª£) v.t. to give or issue instruction,to directfBod/Fe (nIrdeshak) m. directorfBod/FB (nIrdeshan) m. directionfBod?sk (nIrdeØt£) f. cruelty, mercilessness,brutality, pitilessness, ruthlessness,heartlessness, tyranny, harshnessfBod'F (nIrdosh) a. innocent, blameless, guiltless,not guilty, clean-handed, flawless impeccability,faultlessfBod'Fsk (nIrdosht£) f. guiltlessness, innocence,blamelessnessfBoXB (nIrdhan) a. penniless, poor, penurious,poverty stricken, indigentfBoXBsk (nIrdhant£) f. poverty, indigence, penury,pauperism~ fwZsosk dh e;"Nh j? (~ mIttart£ d‚ kasoد‚ heØ)prov. adversity tries friendsfBoXkoD (nIrdh£rª) m. determination, fixation;assessment, ascertainmentfBoXkfos (nIrdh£rIt) a. prescribed, laid down,assigned, fixed, settled, determined, allotted,appointed~ eoBk (~ karn£) v.t. to prescribe, todetermine, to settle, to allot, to assign, to appointfBoBk 1 (nIrn£) m. decision, judgementfBoBk 2 (nIrn£) m. empty (stomach)a. taking no food~ eb/ik$ g/N (~ kaleJ£/ pe¯) m. empty stomach– fBoB/ ekbi/ (–nIrne kaØlJe) adv. having noteaten anything, with empty stomach, on emptystomachfBoBkfJe (nIrn£ek) a. decisive; affirmativefBoB/tkue(nIrnev£chak) a. (verbs) of affirmationfBogZy (nIrpakkh) a. impartial, neutral, unbiased,395unprejudiced, nonpartisan, neuterfBogZysk (nIrpakkhat£) f. impartiality, neutralityfBogZysktkd (nIrpakkht£v£d) m. neutralismnonalignmentfBog/y (nIrpekh) a. indifferent, unconcerned;absolute, neutral, independent~ w[Zb (~ mull) m. absolute valuefBog/ysk (nIrpekhtaØ) a. absolutismfBog/ytkd (nIrpekhv£d) m. absolutismfBog/ytkdh (nIrpekhv£d‚) a. absolutist, absolutisticfBopb (nIrbal) a. weak, feeble, strengthless, frail;powerless, helpless, decrepitfBopbsk (nIrbalt£) f. weakness, frailty,feebleness, frailness; powerlessness,decrepitudefBopkj (nIrb£h) m. subsistence, livelihood, living,alimony, maintenance, sustenance; pulling on,continuation, with satisfaction (of a state ofliving or relationship)~ eoBk (~ karn£) id. to keep the pot boilingv.i. to subsist, to just manage, to make endsmeet; to accommodate, to adjust, to reconcile,to maintain amicable relationshipfBoGT[$fBoG?$fBoG" (nIrbho/nIrbheØ/nIrbhoØ) a.fearless, dauntless, bold, intrepid, indomitable,daringfBoGo (nIrbhar) a. dependent, reliantfBoGosk (nIrbhart£) f. dependence, reliancefBoG?sk (nIrbheØt£) f. fearlessness, dauntlessness,boldnessfBowb (nIrmal) a. clear, clean, transparent,unpolluted, serene, pure, without impurities;holy, spotlessfBowbsk (nIrmalt£) f. cleanness, purity, clarity;spotlessness, transparency; serenity, chastityfBowkD (nIrm£ª) m. building, construction;fabrication, creation; manufacture, productionfBowksk (nIrm£t£) m. builder, constructor;fabricator, creator; manufacturer; producerfBofws (nIrmIt) a. built, constructed;manufactured, created, fabricated, devised;

producedfBow{b (nIrm¤l) a. rootless, baseless, groundlessfBow'j$fBow'jh (nIrmoh/nIrmoh‚) a. withoutaffection or attachment, detached, indifferent,hard hearted, lacking feelings of love andaffection; unkindfBow'b (nIrmol) a. priceless, invaluablefBo:ks (nIry£t) f. exportfBo:kse (nIry£tak) a. exporterfBooEe (nIrarthak) a. futile, vain, meaningless,pointless, purposeless~ :sB eoBk (~ yatan karn£) id. to flog adead horsefBooEesk (nIrarthakt£) f. futileness,meaninglessness, pointlessness, purposelessnessfBobZi (nIrlaJJ) a. shameless, barefaced, brazen,unabashedfBobZisk (nIrlaJJat£) f. shamelessness,barefacedness, brazennessfBob/g (nIrlep) a. detached, disinterested,unattached, unengrossed, neutral; nonalignedfBob/gsk (nIrlept£) f. detachment,disinterestedness, non-attachment; neutrality;nonalignmentfBob'G (nIrlobh) a. free from greed, unselfish,uncovetous, unavaricious, not greedyfBotk; (nIrv£s) m. exile, banishment; expulsion,deportmentfBotkf;s (nIrv£sIt) a. exiled, banished,expatriated; expelled, deportedfBotkD (nIrv£ª) m. salvation, deliverance,redemption, emancipation, liberationfBoftxB (nIrvIghan) a. & adv. uninterrupted,unobstructed, unimpeded, without hitch orhindrance, unhinderedfBofto'X (nIrvIrodh) a. & adv. unopposed,uncontested, unanimous, undisputedfBofttkd (nIrvIv£d) a. inconvertible, indisputable,undisputed, undenied, incontestable, irrefutablefBot?o (nIrveØr) a. having no enmity, withoutrancour, malice or animosity; amiable, friendlyfBok (nIr£) a. & adv. only, merely, utter, alone;completely, absolutely, totally~ g[ok (~ pur£) a. exactly alike, just like, alike,same as-fBoh ;kjp ;bkws (-nIr‚ saØhab sal£mat)nodding acquaintancefBokF (nIr£sh) a. disappointed, disconsolate,frustrated, without hope, hopeless, brokenhearted,disheartened, despaired; despondent,forlorn, dejected, depressed~ eoBk (~ karn£) v.t. to disappoint, todishearten, to frustrate, to dismay, to come shortof expectationsfBokFsk (nIr£sht£) f. disappointment, frustration,despair, dismay, hopelessness; despondency,dejectionfBokFk (nIr£sh£) f. disappointment, despair;dismay, pessimism, desolation, hopelessness~ ftu nkFk MbeDk (~ vIch £sh£ Jhalkaª£) id.to have a silver lining in every dark cloudfBokFkiBe (nIr£sh£Janak) a. pessimistic,disappointing, hopeless, frustrating, despairing,demoralisingfBokFktkd (nIr£sh£v£d) m. pessimismfBokFktkdh (nIr£sh£v£d‚) a. pessimist, pessimisticfBokjko (nIr£h£r) a. without food, with emptystomach, fasting, sustained without foodfBokeko (nIr£k£r) a. without form, formlessshapeless, unembodied, amorphousm. God, the AlmightyfBokdo$fBokdoh (nIr£dar/nIraØdar‚) m. disrespect,insult, humiliation, dishonour, disgrace,disregard~ eoBk (~ karn£) v.t. to insult, to dishonourfBokXko (nIr£dh£r) a. groundless, baseless,unsupportedfBokbk (nIr£l£) a. strange, queer, uncommon,unusual, extraordinary, rare, odd, peculiar;different, distinct, separate; excellentfBokbkgD (nIr£l£paª) m. strangeness,uncommonness, unusualness, peculiarity,oddnessfBohye (nIr‚khak) m. invigilator, inspector,396

supervisor, observer, observant; overseerfBohyD (nIr‚khaª) m. inspection, supervision,observation, invigilation~ eoBk (~ karn£) v.t. to inspect, to observe,to supervise, to invigilatefBo[esh (nIrukat‚) m. etymologyfBo[esheko (nIrukt‚k£r) m. etymologer, etymologistfBo[Zso (nIruttar) a. unable to answer, silenced,unanswerable; irrefutablefBo'r (nIrog) a. without ailment, with sound health,healthyfBo'X (nIrodh) m. hindrance, obstruction, check,restriction; condomfBo'Xe (nIrodhak) a. obstructive, hinderer,constrainer, inhibitory, repressive; prophylactic;insulator~ Fesh (~ shakt‚) insulating powerfBo'b (nIrol) a. pure, clean, unadulterated,unmixed, clear; sheer, merefBbkw$fBbkwh (nIl£m/nIl£m‚) f. auction, publicsale~ j'Dk (~ hoª£) id. to come under hammer~ eoBk (~ karn£) v.t. to auction~ eokT[D tkbk (~ kar£uª v£l£) m. auctioneerfBtD (nIvaª) m. bending down, stooping;submission, humility, obediencefBtDk (nIvaª£) v.i. to bend, to bow, to kneel, tostoop; to submit, to droopfBtkT[Dk (nIv£uª£) v.t. to cause to bend or stoop,to cause to bow, to bend; to lower; to subdue,to subjugatefBtk; (nIv£s) m. residence, habitation, dwelling,abode, house; domicile~ ;EkB (~ sath£n) m. inhabitancy, residence,dwelling place, house, abode, home, domicilefBtk;h (nIv£s‚) m. an inhabitant, dweller, resident,inmate, citizen, dwellingfBtki (nIv£J) suff. a suffix giving the meaning ofcherisherfBtkiDk (nIv£Jaª£) v.t. to bestow care, affection,to show favour or regard; to patronise, tohonour, to crownfBtkD (nIv£ª) f. slope, downward, inclination,incline; low land, low ground, depression,lownessfBtkoe (nIv£rak) a. healer, preventor, remover,preclusive, eradicatorm. saviourfBtkoB (nIv£ran) m. healing, prevention, hinderingor removing eradication, redress, deterrencefBtkbk (nIv£l£) m. morsel, bite, mouthfulBh (n‚) intj. o, hey, (a form of addressing a girl/womanBhns (n‚at) f. intention, inclination, intent, motive,aim; desire, wish, purpose, integrity; mind~ s'A pdBhns j' ikDk (~ toÚ badn‚at ho J£ª£)id. to become dishonest; to become insincere~ fcN ikDh (~ phI¯ J£ª‚) v.i. to becomedishonest; to get fascinated or allured (withbeauty, charm etc.)~ pdb ikDh (~ badal J£ª‚) v.i. to develop illintention, to change one's mind adversely, tobe dishonest; to go back on one's word~ Go ikDh (~ bhar J£ª‚) id. to be satisfied, tobe contented– wkVh ~ (-m£Ö‚ ~) f. bad/malafied intention,ill-will– pdBhns (-badnIat) a. dishonest, illintentionedBhAj (n‚Ûh) f. foundation, base, basement, bottom~ XoBk$oZyDk (~ dharn£/rakkhaª£) v.t. tolay foundation or foundation stone; to begin~ gZEo (~ patthar) m. foundation stone– BhjK g'bhnK j'Dk (n‚haØÛ pol‚aØÛ hoª£) id. to benot on firm footing~ GoBk (~ bharn£) v.t. to lay down thefoundationBhro' (n‚garo) m. & a. Negro, an inhabitant ofAfricaBhu (n‚ch) a. low, mean, base, despicable, lowbred,ill-bred; low-caste, menial, inferiorf. lowness, declivityBhusk (n‚cht£) f. meanness, baseness, lowness,abjectness, ill breeding, low-breeding;397

inferiorityBhM (n‚Jh) f. gaze, stare; a fixed look, intent, closeor sharp look~ Bkb t/yDk (~ n£l vekhaª£) v.t. to strain one'seyes~ bkT[Dh (~ l£uª‚) v.i. to have a close or sharplook, to stare, to gaze, to see intentlyBhsZr (n‚tagg) m. politician, statesmanBhsh (n‚t‚) f. policy, plan, diplomacy, prudence;shrewdness; diplomacy, strategy; expediency,politics or programme~ Fk;so (~ sh£star) m. the art and science ofdiplomacy, politics or morality; ethics~ gZso (~ pattar) m. manifesto, statement ofpolicy– e[Nb~ (–ku¯al~) f. diplomacy, strategy– BhshtkB (– n‚t‚v£n) m. politician, statesman;moralist, diplomatistBhAd$BhAdo (n‚ Ûd/n‚Ûdar) f. sleep, slumber~ T[Zv ikDk (~ uÔÔ J£ª£) id. vanishing of sleepdue to tension~ nkT[Dh (~ £uª‚) v.i. to feel sleepy, drowsyor dozy~ nk ikDh (~ £ J£ª‚) v.i. to go to sleep, to doze,to sleep~ jokw j'Dk (~ har£m hoª£) id. to passsleepless nights, to be in tension or in worry~ y[bDk (~ khulaª£) id. to be awakened~ N[ZNDk (~ ¯u¯¯aª£) id. to have disruption ofsleep~ dk m"Aek (~ d£ thÝoØÛk£) m. catnap, catsleep~ tkbh dtkJh (~ v£l‚ dav£‚) f. soporificmedicine, sleeping draught– eZuh ~ (~ kacch‚) f. dog-sleep– r{VQh ~ ;"Dk (–g¤Ö‚ ~ soت£) id. to sleep like alog, to enjoy a sound sleep– BhAdokfJnk (–n‚Ûdr£e£) a. dormant, sleepy,drowsyBhw (n‚m) a. half, part, middleprep. semi, quasi, demi~ jehw (~ hak‚m) m. saltimbanco, charlaton,quack, mounte, mounteb ank, medicaster,phoney physician~ jehw ]sok J/ ikB (~ hak‚m kÝhatar£ e J£n)prov. little knowledge is a dangerous thing~ jehwK s'A pu' (~ hak‚m£Û to Ûbacho) ph. bewareof quacks~ ]w'Fh Bhw o}k (~ kÝhamosh‚ n‚m raz£) prov.silence is half consent~ row (~ garam) a. lukewarm, tepid, warm~ gkrb (~ p£gal) a. half mad, partially insaneBho (n‚r) m. water, aqua; tears~ e/oBk$ tjkT[Dk (~ keran£/ vah£uª£) id. toshed tears profusely, to cry bitterlyBho; (n‚ras) a. juiceless, tasteless, without juice;dry, boring, uninteresting; insipid, unpalatable;prosaicBhok (n‚r£) m. fodder, hay, wheat chaff, stockBhb 1 (n‚l) a. ten billion, 10,000,000,000,000Bhb 2 (n‚l) m. indigo plant, Indigofera tinctoriaBhb 3 (n‚l) m. the river NileBhb 4 (n‚l) m. blue mark caused on the skin bybeating, concussion injuryBhbezm (n‚lkät¸) m. blue jay, Indian jay, CoraciasbenghalensisBhbewb (n‚lkamal) m. nenupherBhb rT{$Bhb rK (n‚l ga¤/n‚l g£Û) f. nylgai, nylgao,nilgai, Baselaphus tragocamelusBhbw (n‚lam) m. amethyst, sapphireBhbk (n‚l£) a. blue, azure, bluish~ E'Ek (~ thoth£) m. blue vitriol, coppersulphate~ ghbk j'Dk (~ p‚l£ hoª£) id. to lose colour, tobecome pale (due to fear); to be infuriatedBhbkw (n‚l£m) a. auctioned, publicly sold~ j'Dk (~ hoª£) id. to come under hammer~ eoBk (~ karn£) id. sale by inch of candleBhbkwh (n‚l£m‚) f. bid, auction, biddingBhb'\o (n‚lofar) m. blue lotus, nenuphar, waterlilly,Nymphaea lotus, Nymphea acbaBhtK (n‚v£Û) a. low, deep; short, small (in height);gentle, humble; inferior, mean, of lower status;abased398

~ j'Dk (~ hoª£) id. to bend, to bow; to bedisgraced, to be ashamed~ g?Dk (~ peت£) id. to eat a humble pie~ ftykT[Dk (~ vIkh£uª£) id. to bring down, tohumble; to abase– T[Zuk ~ (–ucch£ ~) a. uneven, bumpy– BhthA gkT[Dk (–n‚v‚ Ûp£uª£) id. to feel shy, toblush; to be ashamed, to be with downcasteyes– Bht/A gk;/ (–n‚veÛ p£se) adv. slope, downwardB[;yk (nusakh£) m. prescription; recipeB[jko(nuh£r) f. appearance, features, countenanceB[e; (nukas) m. flaw, weakness; defect, fault;short-coming, imperfection, lacuna; blemish,stigma, badness~ eZYDk (~ kaÔÔhaª£) id. to find fault with,to criticise, to cavil, to carp; to set right, toremove fault with~ g?Dk (~ peت£) v.i. for a defect to occur,develop or be causedB[e;kB (nukas£n) m. loss, damage; deficiency;harm, disadvantage~ T[mkT[[Dk (~ u¯h£uª£) id. to suffer loss, toincur loss~ g{osh (~ p¤rt‚) a. compensation,recompense– B[e;kBd/j (–nuks£ndeh) a. harmful, injurious,disadvantageousB[esk 1 (nukat£) m. point, dotB[esk 2 (nukat£) m. significant idea, argument;point, issue~ B}o$ fBrkj (~ nazar/ nIg£h) m. point ofview, view-pointB[eskuhB (nukat£ch‚n) a. fault-finder, critic;carper; hair splitterB[eskuhBh (nukat£ch‚n‚) f. fault finding, criticism.cavil; hair splitting, animadversion~ eoBk (~ karn£) v.t. to find faults, to criticise,to carp, to cavil, to animadvertB[Zeo (nukkar) f. corner; nook; apex of an angle,extremity– B[Zeo/ bkT[Dk (–nukkare l£uª£) id. to corner(somebody), to put one in an humiliating positionB[ehbk (nuk‚l£) a. pointed, sharp, angular, barbed,prickly; peakedB[rdh (nugad‚) f. a kind of sweetmeat usuallyprepared in marriagesB[uVdk-B[uVdk(nuchaÖd£-nuchaÖd£) a. soakedwith ghee; dripping wetB[uVBk (nuchaÖn£) v.i. to dip, to ooze, to bewrung, to be squeezed, to exudeB[uVtkT[Dk$B[uVkT[Dk(nuchaÖv£uª£/nuchaÖ£uª£) v.t. to get or cause to be wrungor squeezed, to get exudedB[uVtkJh (nuchaÖv£‚) f. the process of or wagesfor wringing or squeezing, exudationB[wk (num£) suff. a suffix meaning like orresembling or appearingB[wkfJnk (num£e£) a. visible, clear, evident,perceptibleB[wkfJF (num£Ish) f. exhibition, display; show off,ostentation~ brkT[Dk (~ lag£uª£) v.t. to set up anexhibition; to put up a show~ ftykT[Dk (~ vIkh£uª£) id. to show off inridiculous wayB[wkfJFh (num£Ish‚) a. exhibitory, exhibitive;pretentious, showy, gaudy, ostentatiousB[wkfJzdrh (num£ïdag‚) f. representation,representativenessB{z (n¤Û Û) prep. toB{zj (n¤Û Ûh) f. son's wife, daughter-in-lawB{o (n¤r) m. glow, lustre, light, brilliance, refulgenceradiance, splendourB{o wfjb dh ;oK (n¤r meØhal d‚ sar£Û) f. a strangething, a wonderB{okBh (n¤r£n‚) a. lustrous, glowing, radiant,refulgent; celestialB{VBk (n¤Öan£) v.t. to tie (cattle etc.)B/;sh 1 (nest‚) f. accidie, laziness, sluggishness, sloth,lethargy, languora. lazy, sluggish, sloth, lethargic~ dk wkfonk (~ d£ m£re£) a. lazy, sluggish,lethargic399

B/;sh 2 (nest‚) f. non-existence, non-being,nothingness, nihility, annihilationB/;s'Bkp{d (neston£b¤d) a. reduced to nonexistence,annihilated, fully destroyed, utterlydevastated~ eoBk$ fwNkT[Dk (~ karn£/ mI¯£uª£) id. toannihilate, to eliminate, to eradicateB/jK (neØh£Û) m. carpenter's toolB/j[D (nehuª) m. a thick rope for fastening a ploughor leveller to the yokeB/e (nek) a. virtuous, noble, good; kind, gentle~ ewkJh (~ kam£‚) f. fair earning, hard earning;pious earning~ xVh (~ ghaÖ‚) a. an auspicious moment,good time~ ubB (~ chalan) a. having good conduct,morally excellent~ ubBh (~ chaln‚) f. good moral character,virtuous conduct~ fdb (~ dIl) a. good-hearted, good at heart,sincere, honest~ fdbh (~ dIl‚) f. good nature, goodness ofheart, sincerity~ Bkw (~ n£m) a. having good reputation,famous, renowned, with a good name~ Bkwh (~ n£m‚) f. good name, good reputation,prestige, renown, fame~ Bhns (~ n‚at) a. honest, righteous, upright,honourable~ Bhsh (~ n‚t‚) f. good-faith, honest-intention,honesty, righteousness, uprightness, rectitude,integrity, probity, bonafides~ pDkT[Dk (~ baª£uª£) v.t. to uplift morallyB/eV{ (nekaÖ¤) m. thick milkB/eh (nek‚) f. goodness, virtue, rectitude,righteousness; kindness~ eo dfonk ftu ;[ZN (~ kar darI£ vIch su¯¯)prov. let not the right hand knows what theleft hand gives, do good and cast it into theriver~ dk pdbk B/eh j? (~ d£ badl£ nek‚ heØ) prov.one good turn deserves another, goodness400begets goodness~ pdh (~ bad‚) f. virtue and vice, good andevilB/uk (nech£) m. connecting point of pot and pipeof hubble-bubbleB/ik$B/}k (neJ£/nez£) m. spear, lanceB/}k podko (nez£ bard£r) m. spearman, lancerB/}kpk} (nez£b£z) m. jousterB/}kpk}h (nez£b£z‚) f. tent-peggingB/so (netar) m. eye~ ib (~ Jal) m. tears~ ftfrnkB (~ vIgI£n) m. opthalmology~ ftfrnkBh (~ vIgI£n‚) m. opthalmologist,eye-specialistB/sojhD (netarh‚ª) a. blind, sightlessB/sok (netr£) m. the string with which churn-staffis rotated, churn-stringa. opticalB/sk (net£) m. leader, chief, pioneerB/skrhoh (net£g‚r‚) f. leadershipB/gZE (nepatth) m. green-room (of a theatre);backgroundB/go/ (nepare) adv. near completion, conclusively~ uVQBk (~ chaÖhn£Ø) v.i. to be completed~ uVQkT[Dk$ ukVQBk (~ chaÖh£uª£/ch£rÞhnaØ)v.t. to set a thing done, to complete, to bring tocompletionB/\k (nef£) m. a (stitched) narrow fold an top oftrousers, underwears etc. through which thetying cord is passedB/w (nem) m. principle, rule, law; custom, practice;vow, pledge; solemn promise, oath~ u[ZeDk (~ chukkaª£Ø) id. to swear, to vow;to take a pledge, to take oath~ Bkb (~ n£l) adv. regularly; by one's faith;according to rules, lawfully, systematically~ gkT[Dk (~ p£uª£Ø) id. to make a solemnpromise, to take oath to abstain, to swear off,to vow, to take a pledgeB/wh (nem‚) a. very punctual and regular in one'sroutine; bound by a vow, true to one's vow;religious

B/V$B/Vsk (neÖ/neÖt£) m. & f. nearness, closeness;propinquity, adjacency, contiguity, proximity,approximation, approach, affinity; kinshipB/Vbk (neÖl£) a. nearer, near by, proximalB/fVT[A (neÖeoÛ) adv. from very near; point blank(shot); from a short distance– d{o'A ~ (–duØroÛ ~) adv. from far and nearB/V/ (neÖe) adv. at stone's throw, near at hand,close by; near, close~ nkT[Dk (~ £uª£Ø) v.t. to come closer, to comenear; to be at hand~ j' e/ ;[DBk (~ ho ke suªn£Ø) id. (for one'swish) to be fulfilled soon~ j'Dk (~ hoª£Ø) v.t. to come closer, to becomevery intimate~ s/V/ (~ teÖe) adv. near about, in thevicinity of, near by, around~ dk (~ d£Ø) a. near, closeB?FBb (neØshnal) a. nationalB?eb; (neØklas) m. necklaceB?D 1 (neت) f. eyes~ BeF (~ naksh) m. features (facial);appearance~ gqkD (~ pr£ª) m. body and soul; physicalenergy, physical strength~ gqkD SZvDk (~ pr£ª chhaÔÔaª£Ø) id. to loseenergy/strengthB?D 2 (neت) f. female of a barber familyB?fse (neØtIk) a. moral; ethical~ ;[Xko (~ sudh£r) m. moral uplift/improvement, edification~ gsB (~ patan) m. demoralizationB?fsesk (neØtIkt£) f. morality, ethicsB'e (nok) f. point, sharp point, tipB'eM'e (nokJhok) f. exchange of pleasantries,exchange of sarcastic remarks, mutualreparteeB'edko (nokd£r) a. pointed, acicular, sharp,angular; barbed; peaked, peakyB'uDk (nochaª£) v.t. to claw, to scratch; to nip; topluck, to rend; to tear; to snatch, to grab abruptlyB'N (no¯) m. note; currency-note, bank-note~ eoBk (~ karn£Ø) v.t. to take notes, to note, towrite down; to take notice, to notice~ p[e (~ buk) f. note-bookB'fN; (no¯Is) m. notice~ d/Dk (~ deª£Ø) v.t. to serve notice~ p'ov (~ borÔ) m. notice-board~ b?Dk (~ leت£Ø) v.i. to receive notice; to takenotice of, to noteB'pb gokJh} (nobal pr£‚z) m. noble prizeB"A (noØÛ) m. nine~ ;" u{j/ yk e/ fpZbh jZi B{z ubh (~ soØ ch¤he kh£ke bIll‚ haJJ n¤Û Ûchal‚) prov. singing all thedays in the week and going to church onSunday~ yzv (~ khäÔ) m. nine regions of the earth(according to Hindu mythology)~ rqfj (~ greØh) m. nine planets (in astrology)~ d' frnkoK j' ikDk (~ do gI£r£Û ho J£ª£) id. tomake one's good escape, to flee, to run away,to do a bank~ Bed Bk s/oK T[Xko (~ nakad n£ ter£Û udh£r)prov. a bird in hand is worth two in the bush~ fBXK (~ nIdh£Û) f. nine treasures of Kuber(god of wealth); all the pleasures & riches, allthe fortunes~ osB (~ ratan) m. nine precious stones, ninejewels; the nine learned gems (courtiers) ofking Vikramaditya or of Akbar~ bZyk (~ lakkh£) m. very valuable/precious;worth nine lakhs– Bk ~ wB s/b j't/rk Bk okXk BZu/rh (–n£ ~ mantel hoveg£ n£ r£dh£ naccheg‚) prov. if thesky falls we shall gather larks– B"tK (–noØv£Û ) a. ninthB" (noØ) a. new, fresh~ po-B" (~ bar-noØ) a. out and about, completelyfit (physically), fully cured, healthyB"npkdh (noØab£d‚) f. new habitation, colonyB";o (noØsar) f. trick, wilful betrayal, deception,treacheryB";opk}(noØsarb£z) a. tricksy, crafty, wily, deceitful;treacherous, cheat401

B";opk}h (noØsarb£z‚) f. trickery, artfulness,deceitfulness, deception, cheatingB"eo (noØkar) m. servant (govt.), employee;footman; domestic servant, attendant, servant~ Fkjh (~ sh£h‚) f. bureaucracy~ j'Dk (~ hoª£) v.i. to join service, to get a job~ ukeo (~ ch£kar) m. retinue, servants,attendants, (personal or domestic)B"eokDh (noØkaraª‚) f. maid-servant, femaleattendantB"eoh (noØkar‚) f. service, employment, post, job~ s/ oZyDk (~ te rakkhª£) v.t. to employ, totake into one's service~ d/Dh (~ deª‚) v.t. to employ, to take intoservice~ g/Fk (~ pesh£) a. working (folk), in-service(people)~ bZrDk (~ laggaª£) v.t. to get a job, to beemployed~ tikT[Dk (~ vaJ£uª£) id. to perform one'sdutyB"ek (noØk£) f. boatB"rk (noØg£) m. ceremonial present or tip, symbolicshareB"itkB (noØJav£n) a. young, youthful, fresh bloodm. youth, youngmanB"itkBh (noØJav£n‚) f. prime of youth, adolescence,youth, youthfulnessB"Nzeh (noدäk‚) f. village dramaB"fBjkb (noØnIh£l) a. promising (boy); scionB"ps 1 (noØbat) f. state, condition~ nkT[Dh (~ £uª‚) v.i. to come to a state ofB"ps 2 (noØbat) f. kettle-drum~ ;t/o dh (~ saver d‚) f. aubade~ tiDh (~vaJaª‚) ph. auspicious festivityB"psykBk (noØbatkh£n£) m. the place or room inthe palace where kettle drum is playedB"wh (noØm‚) f. the ninth day of either half of alunar month– r[Zrk ~ (–gugg£ ~) f. the ninth day of thedark half of Bhadon month on which 'Gugga'is worshipped– okw ~ (–r£m ~) f. the ninth day of the brightfortnight in Chetra month on which Lord Ramawas bornB"byk (noØlakhaØ) a. priceless, very valuable; costingnine lakhs of rupeesB"bh (noØl‚) f. nose; turned up nose; "sutra neti" ofyogaB"tK$B"thA (noØvaØÛ/noØv‚Û) a. ninthB"t/A (noØveÛ) a. ninthadv. ninthlyv402