Introduction 3354. Sieyès, speech of 20–21 July 1789 in Orateurs de la Révolutionfrançaise, ed. François Furet and Ran Halévi (Paris: Gallimard, 1989),1:1015.55. Emmanuel Sieyès, Qu’est-ce que le tiers état?, ed. Roberto Zapperi(Geneva: Droz, 1950), ch. 6, 194; ch. 1, 124; ch. 6, 217–218.56. Sieyès, Qu’est-ce que le tiers état?, ed. Zapperi, ch. 6, 198–199, mytranslation.57. Sieyès, Qu’est-ce que le tiers état?, ed. Zapperi, ch. 6, 208.58. Sieyès, Qu’est-ce que le tiers état?, ed. Zapperi, ch. 6, 211.59. Sieyès, Vues sur les moyens d’exécution dont les représentans de laFrance pourront disposer, quoted in Qu’est-ce que le tiers état?, ed. Zapperi,76.60. See Introduction, in Qu’est-ce que le tiers état?, ed. Zapperi, 75.61. Saint-Just, Speech of 28 January 1793, in Oeuvres complètes, ed.Michèle Duval (Paris: Lebovici, 1984), 408.62. Danton, Speech of 29 October 1792 in H. Morse Stephens, Oratorsof the French Revolution, 2 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1892), 2:180.63. Saint-Just, Rapport du comité de salut public, 8 ventôse Year II, inSaint-Just, Oeuvres complètes, ed. Michèle Duval (Paris: Lebovici, 1984),700.64. R. R. Palmer, Twelve Who Ruled (Princeton: Princeton UniversityPress, 1973), 324.65. Furet, ‘‘Rousseau and the French Revolution,’’ 181.66. Maximilien de Robespierre, Mémoires, 2 vols. (Paris: Moreau-Rosier, 1830), 1:166–167 and 209–210. One recent French historian objectsstrongly to American critics, such as Jacob Talmon, Lester Crocker,and Carol Blum, who trace the totalitarian mentality back to Rousseau. Heargues that the subordination of one’s private interests to the General Will issimply a patriotic mode of behavior. See Jean-Louis Lecercle, ‘‘Jean-Jacques terroriste,’’ in Rousseau and the Eighteenth Century: Essays inMemory of R. A. Leigh, ed. Marian Hobson, J. T. A. Leigh, and RobertWokler (Oxford: The Voltaire Foundation, 1992), 429.67. Tocqueville, L’Ancien Régime et la Révolution, Fragments et Notesinédites sur la Revolution, ed. André Jardin, vol. 2, pt. 2, of Tocqueville,Oeuvres complètes, ed. J.-P. Mayer (Paris: Gallimard, 1953), 2:255, 337,228.68. On Madison and Federalist No. 10, see Susan Dunn, Sister Revolutions:French Lightning, American Light, 55ff.69. Madison, Federalist No. 10 (New York: Modern Library, n.d.), 55,emphasis added.
34 Susan Dunn70. Madison, 1833, draft of a letter on majority governments, in TheMind of the Founder: Sources of the Political Thought of James Madison,ed. Marvin Meyers (Hanover: University Press of New England, 1981),415.71. Madison, Federalist No. 10, 58–59.72. Madison, Federalist No. 51, 337.73. Madison, Federalist No. 10, 54.74. Cecelia Kenyon, ‘‘Alexander Hamilton: Rousseau of the Right,’’Political Science Quarterly, June 1958, vol. 72. Although Hamilton believedin the ‘‘public good,’’ he felt that it would best be defined by theFederalist ruling elite and not by the people at large. Like Rousseau, Hamiltonbelieved that unity in government and society should prevail. Althoughhe allowed for differences of opinion in the legislature, ultimately all representativeswould have to agree. ‘‘When a resolution is once taken, the oppositionmust be at an end,’’ he wrote in Federalist 70, adding with a Rousseauianflourish, ‘‘that resolution is a law, and resistance to it punishable.’’75. Madison, Federalist No. 10, 56.76. Madison, Letter of 16 April 1787, in Robert A. Rutland et al., eds.,The Papers of James Madison (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia,1983), 9:384.77. Madison, Federalist No. 10, 57.78. Madison, Federalist No. 51, 339.79. Jonathan Elliot, ed., The Debates in the Several State Conventionson the Adoption of the Federalist Constitution (Philadelphia: Lippincott,1937), 5:242.80. Daniel Defoe, quoted by Lawrence Stone, ‘‘The Results of the EnglishRevolutions of the Seventeenth Century,’’ in J. G. A. Pocock, ed.,Three British Revolutions: 1641, 1688, 1776 (Princeton: Princeton UniversityPress, 1980), 75.81. On English parliamentary democracy, see Susan Dunn, Sister Revolutions:French Lightning, American Light, 203ff.82. Edmund Burke, Thoughts on the Cause of the Present Discontents[1770] in The Writings and Speeches of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke(Boston: Little Brown, Beaconsfield Edition, 1901), 1:529 and 533–34.83. On English parliamentary democracy, see Allen Potter, ‘‘Great Britain:Opposition with a Capital ‘O’,’’ in Dahl, ed., Political Oppositions inWestern Democracies, 6–8.84. Robert Alan Dahl, ‘‘The American Oppositions,’’ in Dahl, ed., PoliticalOppositions in Western Democracies, 65.
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