Acupuncture for the Treatment of Cocaine Addiction

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200 S. Kelly et al.TABLE 1Means (SDS) for Cocaine Use Variables for Treatment Completers (n = 30) at Baseline and Over the Courseof the B-Week Study by Type of Needle Puncture Treatment ReceivedStudy Week0 1 2 3 4 5 6Urine ToxicologyPercent Cocaine PositiveActive acupunctureControl needle punctureSelf-ReportGrams Used per WeekActive acupunctureControl needle punctureNumber of Days Used Per WeekActive acupunctureControl needle punctureCraving rating: (Scale: 0- 10)Active acupunctureControl needle puncture93.7 71.9 65.6(25.0) (40.7) (47.3)92.9 82.1 71.4(26.7) (31.7) (37.8)1.3(2.9)1.7(3.5)1.4 0.3(3.0) (0.4)1.1 0.9(1.4) (0.9)2.2 1.8 1.2(1 .a) (1 .a) (1.2)2.1 1.8 2.0(1.9) (1.8) (1.4)3.3 1.6 1.1(3.5) (2 3) (1.3)3.3 2.3 2.1(3.4) (2.4) (2.1)62.5 65.6 56.2 53.1(46.5) (43.7) (44.2) (46.4)67.9 71.4 67.9 57.1(46.4) (42.6) (42.1) (43.2)0.2(0.3)0.9(1.4)0.9(1 .O)1.5(1.5)0.7(1.4)2.0(2.1)0.2 0.6 0.2(0.3) (1.a (0.5)0.7 0.5 0.2(1 .O) (0.7) (0.3)0.6 1.0 0.6(0.6) (1 .O) (1 .O)1.4 1.1 0.6(1.7) (1 .O) (0.7)0.6 0.6 0.4(1 .O) (0.9) (0.9)2.0 1.8 2.7(2.4) (2.5) (2.7)Note. Mtssed urine = positive for cocalne metabolite; missed self-report = weekly mean for subject’s treatment groupBeck Depression Inventory. There was a main effectfor Time (F[ 1, 281 = 9.95, p < .004). Depression decreasedsignificantly across the 6-week study [PretreatmentM = 19.6 (+- 12.4); Posttreatment M = 14.1(+ 10.6)]. There was no main effect for type of acupuncture,and there was no significant interaction.ASI Composite Scores. There were main effects forTime for the following composite scores: Intensity ofDrug Problems (F[ 1, 281 = 7.40, p < .Ol ; pretreatmentM= .35 (k.13); posttreatment M= .29 (&.ll)), andIntensity of Legal Problems (F[ 1,281 = 6.20, p < .02;pretreatment M = .07 [*. 121; posttreatment M = .03[*.07]). There were no main effects for type of acupunctureand no significant interactions.SCL-90 Scores. There were main effects for Time forthe following subscale scores: Somatization (F[l, 281 =8.05, p < .008; pre M = 1.27 [+ .91]; post M = 0.92[+-.69]); Depression (F[l, 281 = 7.57, p < .Ol; preM=1.35[+.99];postM=1.01 [+.93]);Anxiety(F[1,28] =9.28, p < .005; pre M = 1.12 i-t.901; post A4 = 0.74f&77]); Phobic Anxiety (F[ 1,281 = 5.50, p < .03; preM = 0.76 [k .75]; post M = 0.53 [+ .68]); and Psychoticism(F[l, 281 = 6.03, p < .02; pre M= 0.81 [*.74];post M= 0.61 + .66]). There were no main effects fortype of acupuncture, and no significant interactions.Attitudes Toward and SubjectiveResponses to AcupunctureTreatment Credibility Scale. Means and standard deviationsfor scores on the TCS are shown in Table 2.A series of 2 (type of acupuncture) x 2 (pre/post 6-weektreatment period) mixed ANOVAs were conducted onthe five TCS items. Collapsed across type of acupuncture,confidence that acupuncture would help with druguse, and confidence in recommending acupuncture toa friend increased from pretreatment to post-dweektreatment (F[l, 281 = 5.03, p < .03, and F[l, 281 =14.55, p < .OOl, respectively). There was no significantchange in how logical the treatment seemed either fordrug use or for other health problems, or in subjects’confidence that the treatment would be useful for thetreatment of other health problems. There were nomain effects for type of acupuncture on any of the fiveitems and no significant interactions. Pearson correlationsrevealed no significant relation between confidencein acupuncture and percent of urines positive forcocaine submitted during the course of the study, eitherby type of needle puncture received, or collapsedacross needle puncture conditions.Acute Effects of Acupuncture (AEA) Scales. A seriesof 2 (type of acupuncture) x 2 (pre/post acupuncture
llAcupuncture for Cocaine Dependence 201TABLE 2Treatment Credibility Scale Means (+SD) Preacupuncture and Postacupuncture Treatment forTreatment Completers (n = 30)How confident are you that acupuncture canhelp you with your drug problem?*Active acupunctureControl needle punctureHow confident are you that acupuncture canhelp you with any health problems you have?Active acupunctureControl needle punctureHow confident are you in recommendingacupuncture to a friend with similar problems?*Active acupunctureControl needle punctureHow much sense does it make that acupuncturewould help you with your drug problem?Active acupunctureControl needle punctureHow much sense does it make that acupuncturewould help you with other health problems?Active acupunctureControl needle puncture-Pretreatment2.75 (k0.86)2.64 (kO.63)2.62 (k0.88)2.54 (kO.65)2.56 (kl.21)2.50 (kO.94)2.43 (kO.89)2.79 (kO.89)2.25 (kO.93)2.21 (t-0.97)Posttreatment3.31 (kO.79)3.00 (* 1.04)2.87 (kO.72)2.79 (k0.89)3.19 (kO.83)3.43 (kO.94)3.00 (kO.97)3.00 (kO.55)2.50 (+l .09)2.57 (kO.76)Note. Scale. 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely).*Significant difference pre/post 6-week treatment collapsed across type of needle puncture. There wereno differences between the two types of needle puncture on these measures of treatment credibility.session) mixed ANOVAs were conducted on the eight There were several main effects for Time. CollapsedAEA items. The mean subjective responses to a sin- across type of needle insertion, nervousness and degleacupuncture session (active or control needle punc- pression decreased (F[ 1, 151 = 7.40, p < .02 and F[ 1,ture) during the first week of treatment are presented 151 = 11.12, p < .005, respectively), and relaxation,in Table 3. sleepiness, and lightheadedness increased (F[ 1, 151 =TABLE 3Acute Subjective Effects of a Single Acupuncture Session During the First Week of TreatmentActive (n = 7)Control (n = 10)Pre-SessionPost-SessionPre-SessionPost-SessionNervous *DepressedRelaxed lHappySleepy lEnergeticBody feels heavyLightheadedPain:Upon insertion/earsUpon insertion/handsDuring session1.29 (1.11)1 .71 (1 .25)1 .14 (0.69)1 .42 (0.79)0.71 (0.76)1.42 (0.53)0.71 (0.95)0.43 (0.79)-0.29 (0.76)0.71 (0.76)3.00 (1.15)1 .86 (0.69)1.71 (0.76)0.86 (0.69)1 .OO (0.82)1.00 (1.00)0 50 (0.76)0.29 (0.76)0.25 (0.46)0.60 (0.97)1.10 (1.20)1.80 (1.40)1.40 (0.84)0.80 (1.03)0.30 (0.48)1.10 (1.20)0.50 (0.71)-0.30 (0.48)0.60 (0.70)2.60 (0.97)1.60 (0.70)1.60 (1.35)1.20 (0.92)0.70 (1.06)1.20 (0.42)0.45 (0.69)0.20 (0.42)0.18 (0.40)Note. Scale 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely).‘Significant changes preipost session collapsed across type of needle puncture. There were no significantdifferences between the two types of needle puncture on any measured acute effect of a singleacupuncture session.
Page 8: 202 S. Kelly et al.21.32, p < .OOl;
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Acupuncture for the Treatment of Cocaine Addiction

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