Dipole Moments Polar Covalent Bonds: Dipole Moments

Rules for Resonance Forms• electrons in double bonds of benzene move• Electron movement is indicated by curved arrow formalism• Curved arrows indicate electron flow, not the movement ofatoms• A curved arrow indicates that a pair of electrons movesfrom the atom or bond at the tail of the arrow to the atom orbond at the head of the arrowRules for Resonance FormsRule 3 – Different resonance forms of a substrate do nothave to be equivalentRules for Resonance FormsRule 4 – Resonance forms obey normal rules of valency(follow the octet rule)Rule 5 – The resonance hybrid is more stable than anyindividual resonance form• Resonance leads to stability