Screening of Urinary Tract Infection causing bacteria and their ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR)Volume 2, Issue 1 June 2013 60Table 4. Antibiotic resistance of E. coli isolates.Strain GE CF A E Co NA T CZX CPD CE K B Va Nv Ak Am NF TM Nr Cef%ResistanceE-1 R R R R R R R R R R I I I R R R I S S S 65E-14 R R R R R R R R R I I I R R R R R S S S 70E-16 R R R R I R R R R R R I R R R R R S R R 85E-17 R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R S S S 85E-18 R R R R I R R R R R R I R R R R R S R R 85E-21 R I R R I R I R R R R R R R R R R S S S 70E-27 I R R R I I R I R I R R R R R R I S S S 55E-30 R R R R R R R R R I I I R R R R R S S S 70E-40 R R R I I I R R R R R R R R S R R S S S 65E-41 R R I I I R R R R R R R R R S R R R S R 75E-42 R I R R I R I R R R R R R R R R R S S S 70E-48 S I R R R I R R R I R R R R S R R R R R 75E-58 S I R I I I R R R R R R R R R R R R S R 70E-59 R I R R I R I R R R R R R R R R R S S S 70E-60 I S S R S I I R R I R R R R S R I R S S 45E-61 I S I R R R R R R I R R R R S S R R S S 60E-65 S I R R R S R R R R I R R R R S S S S R 60E-72 S R R R I S R I R R R R R R R S R S S R 65E-80 S R R R R I R R R R R R R R S R R R R S 80E-85 R I R R R S R R R R R R R R R R R S R S 80E-86 I I R I R S R I R R I R R R S S R R R S 55E-87 R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R S R R R S 90E-97 S I I I I R R R R I I R R R I S R R R S 50E-98 R I R R I R I R R R R R R R R R R S S S 70E-99 S I R R S S R R R I R R R R R S I R R S 60R = Resistance; S = Sensitive; I = Intermediate.In the present study, the most resistance rates of E. colidetected from urine culture were found to 100%resistance to Cefpodoxime (CPD) and Novobiocin (Nv)and 28% to Cefamandole. Kenneth Todar (2012)reported strains that are resistant to all available clinicallyuseful antibiotics except vancomycin. Present studyshowed 100% of the isolates were beta lactamaseproducers (Table 5). In case of cell surfacehydrophobicity analysis, the highest percentage wasobtained in female (88.54%) in 37 years of age andlowest (75.23%) in 27 years of age. In male, highestpercentage (86.95%) was observed in 53 years of ageand lowest (75.29%) in 35 years.Highest incidences (positive) for slime production wererecorded in female (60.87%) followed by male (39.13%).In female, out of 6 types of age groups, the highestprevalence was recorded in the age group between21-30 years (28.57%) and lowest in the age groupbetween 41-50 years (7.14%) and in male, highestprevalence was recorded in age groups of 11-20, 21-30,31-40 and above 50 (22.22%) and lowest in 41-50 years(11.11%) and no production in 0-10 years (Table 6).β-lactamase production indicated 100% of the testedE. coli isolates are positive and cell surfacehydrophobicity test revealed 75-88% of cells in surface ofxylene.©Youth Education and Research Trust (YERT) jairjp.com Sudha et al., 2013
Journal of Academia and Industrial Research (JAIR)Volume 2, Issue 1 June 2013 61Table 5. Virulence factors of E.coli isolates.Strain SexAgeCell surfaceβ –lactamase(years)hydrophobicityE-1 F 10 Positive 83.49E-14 F 27 Positive 75.23E-16 F 21 Positive 80.76E-17 F 15 Positive 77.31E-18 M 45 Positive 86.40E-21 M 22 Positive 82.65E-27 F 31 Positive 87.5E-30 F 22 Positive 81.18E-40 M 35 Positive 75.29E-41 F 34 Positive 79.31E-42 M 17 Positive 81.05E-48 M 59 Positive 85.71E-58 F 30 Positive 86.66E-59 F 27 Positive 81.48E-60 M 19 Positive 84.14E-61 M 37 Positive 85.56E-65 F 10 Positive 88.42E-72 M 53 Positive 86.95E-80 F 20 Positive 84.21E-85 M 25 Positive 82.29E-86 M 31 Positive 82.72E-87 F 66 Positive 76.85E-97 F 49 Positive 81.65E-98 F 52 Positive 80.35E-99 F 37 Positive 88.54Thus, the highest incidence of virulence factors, recordedby the E. coli strains became more resistance to severalantibiotics because they help the organism to overcomehost defenses and colonize or invade the urinary tract.Virulence factors are very often responsible for causingdisease in the host because they are often responsiblefor converting non-pathogenic bacteria into dangerouspathogens.ConclusionPrevalence rate of E. coli was found to be the mostcommonest organism for UTI in all age groups andshowed resistance to commonly used antibioticsespecially, 100% resistant to cefpodoxime andnovobiocin. The test isolates of E. coli tested positive inβ-lactamase, slime production and higher percentage incell surface hydrophobicity showed high antibioticresistance. But the prevalence of antimicrobial resistancecan vary according to geographical and regional location.Hence, finally we recommend the selection of antibioticshould be based on knowledge of local prevalence andwe suggest to mitigate the problem of antibioticresistance is development of new antimicrobial drugs forUTIs.References1. Alon, U., Davidai, G., Berant, M. and Merzbach, D. 1987.Five-years survey of changing patterns of susceptibility ofbacterial uropathogens to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazoleand other antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob. AgentsChemother. 31: 126-128.2. Banciu, N. 2005. Preventia infectiei si higiena in mediulspitalicesc. Editura Viata Medicala Romaneasca, Bucuresti.3. Barret, S.P., Savage, M.A., Rebec, M.P., Guyot, A.,Andrews, N. and Shrimpton, S.B. 1999. Antibiotic sensitivityof bacteria associated with community-acquired urinarytract infection in Britain. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 44: 359-365.4. Charles Bryan. 2011. Infectious disease, chapter seven,Urinary tract infections from Infectious Disease Section ofMicrobiology and Immunology On-line. University of SouthCarolina.5. Cheesbrough, M. 2004. Morphology and characterization ofE. coli and S. aureus. District laboratory practice in tropicalcountries part II. Cambridge University. pp.157-179.6. Cowan, S.T. and Steel, K.J. 1985. Manual for theidentification of medical bacteria. 4 th edn. CambridgeUniversity Press. London. p.217.7. Czaja, C.A. and Hooton, T.M. 2006. Update acuteuncomplicated urinary tract infection in women. Postgrad.Med. 119: 39-45.8. Fawole, M.O. and Oso, B.A. 1988. Laboratory manual formicrobiology, 1 st edn. Spectrum Book Ltd., Ibadan. pp.22-45.9. Florian, M.E., Wagenlehner, K.G. and Naber, S. 2006.Treatment of bacterial urinary tract infections: Presence andfuture. Euro. Assoc. Urol. 49: 235-244.10. Foxman, B., Barlow, R., D’Arcy, H., Gillespie, B. and Sobel,J.D. 2000. Self reported incidence of urinary tract infectionand associated costs. Ann. Epidemiol. 10: 509-15.11. Freeman, D.J., Falkiner, F.R. and Keane, C.T. 1989. Newmethod for detecting slime production by coagulasenegative Staphylococci. J. Clin. Pathol. 42: 872-874.12. Gruneberg, R.N. 1994. Changes in urinary pathogens andtheir antibiotic sensitivities, 1971-1992. J. Antimicrob.Chemother. 33(A): 1-8.13. Gupta, K., Scholes, D. and Stamm, W.E. 1999. Increasingprevalence of antimicrobial resistance among uropathogenscausing acute uncomplicated cystitis in women. JAMA. 281:736-738.SexMaleFemaleSlimeproducersTable 6. Slime activity of E. coli isolates according to sex and age groups.Age group (years)0-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 Above 50Negative - - - 1 - -Weak - - - 1 - -Moderate - 1 2 1 - 2Strong - 1 - - 1 -Negative - - 1 - - -Weak 1 1 - - - -Moderate 1 1 - 3 1 -Strong - - 4 - - 2TotalNo. ofpositives914% ofoccurrence92©Youth Education and Research Trust (YERT) jairjp.com Sudha et al., 2013
Page 1 and 2: Journal of Academia and Industrial
Page 6: Journal of Academia and Industrial

Screening of Urinary Tract Infection causing bacteria and their ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?