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<strong>Malaysia</strong>n Statistics on Medicines 2006CHAPTER 1USE OF MEDICINES MALAYSIADrugs used for obstructive airway diseases (R03) ranked 6 th by utilisation with inhaled salbutamol(R03AC02) being the commonest drug used (0.4% of population). Chlorpheniramine and prednisolone wereclearly drugs of choice as their utilisation were highest in their groups, antihistamines for systemic use (R02)and steroids for systemic use (H02) respectively. Among the antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products(M01), utilisation of diclofenac (M01A B05) was highest (0.4% of population).Interestingly, although the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity estimated by NHMS III was 11.2%,psycholeptics (N05) and psychoanaleptics (N06) only ranked 15th and 20th among therapeutic groups listedby utilisation and none of the individual drugs in the N05 or N06 groups were in the top 40 drugs listed byutilisation.Detailed discussions on the specific therapeutic groups can be found in the respective chapters.The NMUS, amongst other objectives, is designed to support the implementation of the National MedicinesPolicy. Hence it is pertinent to note that 36 (90%) of the top 40 most utilised drugs were in the <strong>Malaysia</strong>nNational Essential Drugs List (NEDL) [5]. Of these 36 drugs, 6 of them were listed under the NEDLSupplementary List, which lists drugs that are designated as those used by specialists for tertiary leveltreatment. This indicated good accessibility to essential drugs generally, with reasonable availability andutilisation of higher-end drugs for specialists care.Of the four drugs in the top 40 which were not in the NEDL, two of them were the statins i.e. Lovastatin(C10A A02) and Atorvastatin (C10A A05), and the other two being Cetirizine (R06A E07), an antihistamine,and Losartan (C09C A01), a cardiovascular drug acting on the renin-angiotensin system. There are alternativedrugs from the NEDL which are in the top 40 for these groups of drugs, and it may be interesting to studyin greater detail the utilisation of these four drugs compared to their corresponding alternatives listed in theNEDL.Table 1.1: Top 30 Therapeutic groups by Utilisation in DDD/1000 population/day 2006NO. ATC THERAPEUTIC GROUP PUBLIC PRIVATE TOTAL1 A10 DRUGS USED IN DIABETES 32.792 7.5037 40.29572 C07 BETA BLOCKING AGENTS 21.3322 4.4021 25.73433 C09 AGENTS ACTING ON THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN 13.8264 5.7554 19.5818SYSTEM4 C08 CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS 15.941 3.4246 19.36565 C10 LIPID MODIFYING AGENTS 8.639 8.5206 17.15996 R03 DRUGS FOR OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASES9.8198 6.6997 16.51947 C03 DIURETICS 11.775 2.8894 14.66438 R06 ANTIHISTAMINES FOR SYSTEMIC USE 5.1758 6.9945 12.17039 M01 ANTIINFLAMMATORY AND ANTIRHEUMATIC 3.9519 6.0516 10.0035PRODUCTS10 B01 ANTITHROMBOTIC AGENTS 5.8947 3.9402 9.83511 J01 ANTIBACTERIALS FOR SYSTEMIC USE 3.8147 5.1222 8.936912 A02 DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS 2.5009 2.656 5.156813 C01 CARDIAC THERAPY 2.7994 1.8969 4.696114 H02 CORTICOSTEROIDS FOR SYSTEMIC USE 1.9061 2.5407 4.446715 N05 PSYCHOLEPTICS 3.0503 0.9951 4.045416 C02 ANTIHYPERTENSIVES 2.9987 0.2328 3.231517 H03 THYROID THERAPY 1.4486 0.5478 1.996418 M04 ANTIGOUT PREPARATIONS 1.0294 0.5053 1.534719 N03 ANTIEPILEPTICS 1.3457 0.1535 1.499220 N06 PSYCHOANALEPTICS 0.8941 0.4223 1.31632
CHAPTER 1USE OF MEDICINES MALAYSIA <strong>Malaysia</strong>n Statistics on Medicines 2006NO. ATC THERAPEUTIC GROUP PUBLIC PRIVATE TOTAL21 J04 ANTIMYCOBACTERIALS 0.9993 0.0997 1.09922 N07 OTHER NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS 0.4341 0.6421 1.076223 N04 ANTI-PARKINSON DRUGS 0.8293 0.0527 0.88224 N02 ANALGESICS 0.382 0.4137 0.795725 M03 MUSCLE RELAXANTS 0.0658 0.5474 0.613126 J05 ANTIVIRALS FOR SYSTEMIC USE 0.495 0.0688 0.563827 M05 DRUGS FOR TREATMENT OF BONE DISEASES 0.2633 0.1767 0.439928 J02 ANTIMYCOTICS FOR SYSTEMIC USE 0.0519 0.2735 0.325329 L02 ENDOCRINE THERAPY 0.1937 0.0906 0.284430 P01 ANTIPROTOZOALS 0.1787 0.1013 0.28Table 1.2: Top 40 Drugs by Utilisation in DDD/1000 population/day 2006NO. ATC THERAPEUTIC GROUP PUBLIC PRIVATE TOTAL1 A10B B01 Glibenclamide 14.0329 1.5023 15.53522 A10B A02 Metformin 11.1397 2.0109 13.15063 C07A B02 Metoprolol 11.7536 0.5828 12.33654 C07A B03 Atenolol 9.077 2.9516 12.02875 C08C A05 Nifedipine 10.9355 0.6772 11.61276 B01A C06 Acetylsalicylic acid 4.8358 2.5826 7.41847 C10A A01 Simvastatin 2.6378 3.9287 6.56658 C03A A04 Chlorothiazide 6.2441 0.0355 6.27969 A10B B09 Gliclazide 4.593 1.3678 5.960810 C08C A01 Amlodipine 3.2803 1.9924 5.272811 C03C A01 Furosemide 3.9301 0.9588 4.888912 C09A A04 Perindopril 4.3301 0.3811 4.711313 C10A A02 Lovastatin 4.0507 0.5157 4.566414 C09A A02 Enalapril 3.5113 0.9827 4.493915 R03A C02 Salbutamol 4.024 0.3237 4.347716 C09A A01 Captopril 4.1067 0.1984 4.305117 R06A B04 Chlorpheniramine 2.5619 1.3908 3.952718 M01A B05 Diclofenac 1.4652 2.1248 3.5919 C10A A05 Atorvastatin 0.786 2.537 3.32320 R03C C03 Terbutaline 0.1697 2.8792 3.04921 M01A G01 Mefenamic acid 1.2609 0.284 1.54522 H02A B06 Prednisolone 1.1766 1.3428 2.519423 R03C C02 Salbutamol 0.6566 1.8439 2.500524 C02C A01 Prazosin 2.234 0.0961 2.330125 R06A X13 Loratadine 0.7417 1.436 2.177726 J01C A04 Amoxicillin 0.698 1.4018 2.099827 C08C A02 Felodipine 1.3805 0.4422 1.822728 R03B A02 Budesonide 1.5432 0.1962 1.739329 R06A E07 Cetirizine 0.2259 1.5065 1.732430 A02B A02 Ranitidine 1.1741 0.539 1.713131 R03D A04 Theophylline 1.1004 0.4886 1.58932 A02B C01 Omeprazole 0.5889 0.9111 1.533 C01E B15 Trimetazidine 0.6345 0.804 1.438634 R06A B02 Dexchlorpheniramine 0.0486 1.3559 1.404535 C01D A08 Isosorbide dinitrate 1.2768 0.0932 1.369936 C03A A03 Hydrochlorothiazide and potassium-sparingagents1.0077 0.3358 1.34343
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CHAPTER 15USE OF ANTIINFECTIVES <st
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CHAPTER 22: USE OF MEDICINES FOR OB
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CHAPTER 24USE OF OPHTHALMOLOGICALS
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CHAPTER 25USE OF OTOLOGICALS <stron
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APPENDIX 1 Malaysia</strong
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