gap in urban-rural literacy am<strong>on</strong>g men is smaller than the gap am<strong>on</strong>g women, suggestingthat men in rural areas are better able to access learning opportunities than women. 68Programs to reduce illiteracy71. The short-term goal of the NESP is to achieve the MDG <strong>on</strong> the eliminati<strong>on</strong> of illiteracy inthe adult populati<strong>on</strong> over 15 years old by 2015, through Nati<strong>on</strong>al Literacy Campaigns <strong>and</strong>Recurrent Educati<strong>on</strong> in additi<strong>on</strong> to the formal educati<strong>on</strong> system. Recurrent Educati<strong>on</strong> isdesigned for individuals who have g<strong>on</strong>e bey<strong>on</strong>d the age indicated to attend Basiceducati<strong>on</strong>, as well those aged 16 18 who have completed Basic Educati<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> arecurrently working. It is also applicable to those who did not have the opportunity toattend school when they were at the normal age to do so. 6972. Recurrent Educati<strong>on</strong> is not <strong>on</strong>ly about providing basic literacy. It also aims to bridge thegap in adult educati<strong>on</strong> by providing access to basic <strong>and</strong> sec<strong>on</strong>dary educati<strong>on</strong> for adults,<strong>and</strong> offering diplomas <strong>and</strong> certificates. The Nati<strong>on</strong>al Equivalence Program providesaccelerated learning courses to achieve these goals. A curricular development <strong>and</strong>implementati<strong>on</strong> program is already being phased in. The coverage of the Nati<strong>on</strong>alEquivalence Programme will be enhanced through the creati<strong>on</strong> of Educati<strong>on</strong> CommunityCentres in all sub-districts, an aim that will be integrated with the development of theNew School but also other relevant skills that will help people in their everyday life <strong>and</strong> support otherimportant government targets for promoting employment <strong>and</strong> health. 7073. The planning target of eliminating illiteracy by 2015 can be fully achieved by increasingthe present capacity of the system by 80%. Therefore, the plan of achieving the MDGtarget of eliminating Yes Ican program (opening an additi<strong>on</strong>al 442 classrooms in every suco) Step to theFr<strong>on</strong>tin 263 classrooms) literacy program across the country, mainly in rural areas. 7174. The Government, with the help of the development partners, has been successfullydeveloping <strong>and</strong> exp<strong>and</strong>ing the reach of the Recurrent Educati<strong>on</strong> Program. In 2011 isintended to reach full working capacity in all 442 sucos <strong>and</strong> to deliver the initial literacyprograms to approximately 50,000 youth <strong>and</strong> adults. In order to do this, use of a numberof methodologies as distance educati<strong>on</strong> methodologies (televisi<strong>on</strong> as a teaching aid fordistance educati<strong>on</strong>, through the introducti<strong>on</strong> of broadcasting literacy less<strong>on</strong>s <strong>and</strong>educati<strong>on</strong>al programmes through Televisi<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Timor</str<strong>on</strong>g>-<str<strong>on</strong>g>Leste</str<strong>on</strong>g> (TVTL) to enable those whoare illiterate to follow them regardless of time or place), community engagement <strong>and</strong>support, Educati<strong>on</strong> Community Centres in all sub-districts <strong>and</strong> producti<strong>on</strong> of a qualitycurriculum for the Nati<strong>on</strong>al Equivalence Program will be implemented.68 --3669 -70 Ibid., Pg. 120-12171 Ibid., Pg. 12018 | <str<strong>on</strong>g>CEDAW</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Specific</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Report</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> Educati<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Health</strong> <strong>Sectors</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Timor</str<strong>on</strong>g>-<str<strong>on</strong>g>Leste</str<strong>on</strong>g>
Literacy programs in Local languages <strong>and</strong> Portuguese75. The current Lei de Bases de Educação (Fundamental Law for Educati<strong>on</strong> Law N°.14/2008) establishes the general framework of the educati<strong>on</strong> system, <strong>and</strong> states in Article8 Languages of the Educati<strong>on</strong> System that the languages of instructi<strong>on</strong> are Tetum <strong>and</strong>Portuguese. 7276. Even with a modest populati<strong>on</strong> of just over <strong>on</strong>e milli<strong>on</strong> people, a variety of ethnolinguisticgroups co-exist within <str<strong>on</strong>g>Timor</str<strong>on</strong>g>-<str<strong>on</strong>g>Leste</str<strong>on</strong>g>, with about 32 local languages (Censuscount), including Mambae, Makassae, Baikenu <strong>and</strong> Fataluku. 7377. An Internati<strong>on</strong>al C<strong>on</strong>ference <strong>on</strong> Bilingual Educati<strong>on</strong> in <str<strong>on</strong>g>Timor</str<strong>on</strong>g>-<str<strong>on</strong>g>Leste</str<strong>on</strong>g> was held by the MoE<strong>and</strong> supported by UNICEF, UNESCO <strong>and</strong> Care Internati<strong>on</strong>al in April 2008 under the aim was to design <strong>and</strong> implement a language policy<strong>and</strong> teaching methodology that best serves the needs of children in <str<strong>on</strong>g>Timor</str<strong>on</strong>g>-<str<strong>on</strong>g>Leste</str<strong>on</strong>g>, ensuringthat they achieve good development outcomes as well as fluency in both officiallanguages of <str<strong>on</strong>g>Timor</str<strong>on</strong>g>-<str<strong>on</strong>g>Leste</str<strong>on</strong>g>.78. Following this c<strong>on</strong>ference, an inter-ministerial working group dedicated to the issue oflocal languages was formed to draft a policy <strong>on</strong> T<strong>on</strong>gue-based MultilingualEducati<strong>on</strong> for <str<strong>on</strong>g>Timor</str<strong>on</strong>g>- aims to ensure that every<strong>on</strong>e, especiallyrural/disadvantaged populati<strong>on</strong>s, will underst<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> benefit from literacy <strong>and</strong> educati<strong>on</strong>programs; facilitate educati<strong>on</strong>al access, participati<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> attainment; <strong>and</strong> enhance culturalidentity together with citizenship rights. Teaching language is expected to boost participati<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> retenti<strong>on</strong> rates <strong>and</strong> yield more equitableattainment across gender, regi<strong>on</strong>al, rural <strong>and</strong> social class divides. 74 At the time of writing,a mother t<strong>on</strong>gue pilot project had commenced in 3 districts, Lautem, Oecusse <strong>and</strong>Manatuto, at the pre-primary level, through the Nati<strong>on</strong>al Educati<strong>on</strong> Commissi<strong>on</strong> underthe MoE, with the support of the <str<strong>on</strong>g>Timor</str<strong>on</strong>g>-<str<strong>on</strong>g>Leste</str<strong>on</strong>g> Nati<strong>on</strong>al Commissi<strong>on</strong> for UNESCO. 7579. The issue of language in educati<strong>on</strong> is a sensitive <strong>on</strong>e. There exist some communicati<strong>on</strong>issues because of the diversity of languages. Many stakeholders <strong>and</strong> members ofParliament believe a multilingual local language educati<strong>on</strong> policy would fosterregi<strong>on</strong>alism, <strong>and</strong> threaten the unity of the country.Reducing Girls Drop-out80. The government faces the challenge of low enrollment rates <strong>and</strong> achievement levelsal<strong>on</strong>g with high dropout <strong>and</strong> repetiti<strong>on</strong> rates. Enrolments by grade show a clearprogressive drop-out from grade 1 to grade 12. Enrolment in grade 1 shows a large72 Fundamental Law for Educati<strong>on</strong> N°14/2008, Article 8 Languages of the Educati<strong>on</strong> System, October 2008, Dili, <str<strong>on</strong>g>Timor</str<strong>on</strong>g>-<str<strong>on</strong>g>Leste</str<strong>on</strong>g>73 Mother t<strong>on</strong>gue-based multilingual educati<strong>on</strong> for <str<strong>on</strong>g>Timor</str<strong>on</strong>g>-<str<strong>on</strong>g>Leste</str<strong>on</strong>g>, Draft for Nati<strong>on</strong>al Policy, Ministry of Educati<strong>on</strong> / KomisaunNasi<strong>on</strong>al Edukasaun <str<strong>on</strong>g>Timor</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Leste</str<strong>on</strong>g>; Dili, <str<strong>on</strong>g>Timor</str<strong>on</strong>g>- <str<strong>on</strong>g>Leste</str<strong>on</strong>g>, 2011; Pg. 474 Ibid., Appendix A75 Remigio Alquitran, UNESCO, E-c<strong>on</strong>sultati<strong>on</strong>, Dec. 2011<str<strong>on</strong>g>CEDAW</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Specific</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Report</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> Educati<strong>on</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Health</strong> <strong>Sectors</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Timor</str<strong>on</strong>g>-<str<strong>on</strong>g>Leste</str<strong>on</strong>g> | 19