Bio-fuel production in Iceland

ethanol, which is similar as the estimation based on data from Ineos Bio and Scanarc andChoren processes.In a similar way as for FT-fuels it is possible to calculate production of each category fromavailable raw material in Iceland.From wood and wood chips it is possible to produce 12 to 13 thousand tons of ethanol.From 20 thousand tons of plastics it would be possible to produce 7 to 9 thousand tons ofethanol. From glycerol 400 to 500 tons could be produced.From 17.000 tons of paper/cardboard it is possible to produce about 4600 to 5200 tons ofethanol.If the figures from the pilot gasifier are used then it would be possible to produce 9.4thousand tons from the wood and timber, 4.1 thousand tons from paper, about 7.9thousand tons from the plastics and roughly 330 tons from glycerol.5.3 Bio-hydrogenI. Hydrogen generalGasification of biomass and MSW can produce between 6 and 6.5% of the weight of thebiomass as hydrogen (Bridgwater 2003) and up to 37-42% of the syngas volume is hydrogen(Scanarc 2007, Choren 2010). Other categories of waste can even produce higher amount ofhydrogen as glycerol (Vallyappan 2008) or cardboard (Noosai etal 2006). The hydrogencontent depends also on whether air, oxygen or steam is used in the gasification process.When steam is used in the gasification then the amount of hydrogen will increase but moreenergy is used in the production of the syngas. It is also possible to use the water gas shiftreaction to react CO with steam to produce more hydrogen according to the equation:CO + H 2 O = CO 2 + H 2From 200.000 tons of dry MSW it is possible to produce between 18.000-20.000 tons byusing water gas shift reaction. These figures are based on Choren and Scanarc processes onbiomass and MSW. This amount of hydrogen could also be produced by electrolysis with120-140 MW of electric hydropower.16