At a Glance

421Kidney (cont.)Mg 2 reabsorption 180Na transport 162water permeability 166medulla 150medullary blood flow 166, 174metabolism 150, 284Mg 2 sensors 180Na channels 174Na -K -ATPase 154, 156, 162function 154nephron types 148, 166O 2 consumption 150PAH clearance 150pH homeostasis 142, 176plasma flow 150potential, transepithelial 156,162PTH effect 180reabsorptionCa 2 174, 292Cl – 162electrolytes 157 Dfractional 154D-glucose 158HCO 3 – 176K 182Mg 2 174Na 162collecting duct 184driving force 156organic substances 157 D,158phosphate 180PTH effect 294water 154, 164renal failure 142, 178vitamin D 294renin 186secretion 156K 174, 182organic substances 160solvent drag 162structure 148tight junctions 154transport processes 154ff., 155B,Ctubuloglomerular feedback(TGF) 174ultrafiltrate 154urea 166Killer cells, natural 94, 96T-killer cells 98Kilo- (multiple of a unit) 379Kilowatt hour (kWh), conversioninto SI unit 380Kinase cascades 276Kinesia 240Kinesin 42, 58, 62Kininogen 102, 216, 238high-molecular-weight (HMK)102salivary gland 238Kinocilium 348Knee jerk reflex 318Kohlrausch’s fold 266Kohlrausch break 358Korotkow sounds 208Korsakoff syndrome 342Krebs cycle citrate cycleKrogh’s diffusion coefficient 22,120, 394Krogh’s cylinder model 130Kupffer cells 96, 234kWh (kilowatt hour), unit 380LLabia minora, glands 310Labyrinth 370basal, tubulus epithelium 154Labyrinth reflexes, tonic 330Lacrimal canaliculi 350glands 350sac 350Lactacidosis 72, 76Lactase 260Lactate 72, 73 B2, 74, 142, 176,284concentration in plasma 76glugoneogenesis from 284muscle metabolism 72myocard metabolism 212physical work 76renal reabsorption 156, 158vagina 304Lactation 294reflex 305Lactic acid lactateLactogenesis 305, 306Lactose 260Lamellipodia 30L-amino acids amino acidsLandolt rings 355 ALangerhans cells 96Language 340, 342, 376Lanosterol 296Laplace’s law 118, 190, 204, 212,396Large intestine 234, 266Larynx 376testosterone 308Lateral geniculate body 362, 364lemniscus 374signal flow, retina 360Lateralization, sound 370Latency, hearing 374Law of mass actions 385Laxatives 264LCCS (limited capacity controlsystem) 340LCAT (lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase) 256LDL (low density lipoproteins)256, 258, 304LDL (low density lipoproteins)(cont.)estrogen effect 304receptors 256, 258L-dopa 84Learning 340Lecithin 14, 250, 254bile 250cholesterol acyl transferase(LCAT) 256Left axis deviation (heart) 200Lemniscus, medial 324trigeminalis 324Length, units 378Lens 350, 352Leptin 232receptors 232, 332Leucine 228insulin release 284Leu-enkephalin 236Leukocytes 88interferon secretion 96Leukotriene 270, 271allergy 100second messenger 278Lewis’s response 216Leydig cells 304, 308LFA 1 (lymphocyte functionassociatedantigen 1) 98LH lutropinLHRH gonadoliberinLibido 308Lids 350Light, adaptation 356, 360sensors 350stimuli 360wavelength 362Light chain protein, myosin II 60Lignin 228, 266Limb leads (ECG) 198Limbic system 312, 332α-limit dextrin 248, 260Limited capacity control system(LCCS) 340Linear velocity, unit 380Linoleic acid 228Lipase 248, 254, 258acid 258gastric fundus 254hepatic 256in human milk 254lingual 254non-specific 254pancreatic 254saliva 238Lipid membrane 14Lipids 254, 258absorption 254digestion 254distribution 256storage 256synthesis 12, 13 F, 284