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Quantum Magnetism and Quantum Entanglement

Note - IPM

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Jahanfar Abouie<br />

Adv Cond Mat<br />

Smr School<br />

2012-IPM<br />

44/<br />

Heisenberg spin models-NLSM<br />

Integrating out <br />

Coupling constant<br />

Topological winding number or Pontryagin index<br />

Θ = π → → <br />

Θ = 0 → → <br />

Θ ∈ 0, π → →

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