Quantum Magnetism and Quantum Entanglement
Note - IPM
Note - IPM
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Jahanfar Abouie<br />
Adv Cond Mat<br />
Smr School<br />
2012-IPM<br />
44/<br />
Heisenberg spin models-NLSM<br />
Integrating out <br />
Coupling constant<br />
Topological winding number or Pontryagin index<br />
Θ = π → → <br />
Θ = 0 → → <br />
Θ ∈ 0, π → →