Ecological restoration in the Czech Republic

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egional seed mixtures, the trends were essentially similar to the largescale study, i.e. restored plots developed a species composition heading towards the composition of the reference sites. Other lessons learned and future prospects Until recently a late cut was recommended for recreated meadows and this was said to enhance the diversity of herbs in the grasslands. However, a preliminary analysis of the data acquired to date has shown that successful grassland restoration by means of regional grass-herb mixtures (as well as other ways of restoration) requires an early cut. In the future, transfer of green hay may also be considered a suitable restoration measure. Public support Interest of farmers in the regrassing of other sites. Fig. 2. - - Results In total, 373 vascular plant species were recorded at the regrassed sites and 20 permanent reference grasslands. A total of 102 species were classified as target species, the remainder being either weeds or common grassland species. Forty-four of the target species were sown at the restored sites and all, except one (Helianthemum grandiflorum subsp. obscurum), established (98%). Twenty-seven species established spontaneously, while 31 target species have not been found at the restored sites yet. Altogether, 248 species were recorded at the restored sites. However, only four species reached cover values at least equal to those at the reference sites (Bromus erectus, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, and Trisetum flavescens – all sown grasses). The majority of the target species, both sown and spontaneously established, were present at the restored sites but so far only at low cover values. The two most successful spontaneously established target species were Carlina vulgaris and Fragaria viridis. Also some rare and endangered species arrived spontaneously at the restored sites, e.g. Astragalus danicus and Gentiana cruciata (Prach et al. 2012). In a recent study (Mitchley et al. 2012), evaluating 10 years of a field experiment at a site called Výzkum including plots sown with Fig. 4. Acknowledgements The study was supported by the following grants: GAČR P504/10/0501, P505-11-0256 and RVO67985939. References Jongepierová I. (ed.) (2008): Louky Bílých Karpat. Grasslands of the White Carpathian Mountains. – ZO Č SOP Bílé Karpaty, Veselí nad Moravou. Jongepierová I., Mitchley J. & Tzanopoulos J. (2007): A field experiment to recreate species rich hay meadows using regional seed mixtures. – Biological Conservation 139: 297–305. Mitchley J., Jongepierová I. & Fajmon K. (2012): Regional seed mixtures for the re-creation of species-rich meadows in the White Carpathian Mountains: results of a 10-yr experiment. – Applied Vegetation Science 15: 253–263. Prach K., Jongepierová I. & Řehounková K. (2012): Large-scale restoration of dry grasslands on ex-arable land using a regional seed mixture: establishment of target species. – Restoration Ecology Doi: 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2012.00872.x Fig. 3. 46 Grasslands
Grazing of dry grasslands in the Bohemian Karst Location Protection status Ecosystem types Restored area Financial support Costs Bohemian Karst (Český kras) between Prague and Beroun 49°52'–50°00' N, 14°02'–14°21' E; altitude 199–499 m PLA, NR (2), SCI Dry grasslands belonging to the Festucion valesiacae alliance; transitions to the Alysso-Festucion pallentis and Seslerio-Festucion pallentis alliances, and to the Bromion erecti alliance 25 ha Landscape management programmes €700/ha/yr (grazing) Initial conditions The Bohemian Karst landscape has been occupied by human settlements continuously for the last 7000 years (Stolz & Matoušek 2006). Human settlements have always been connected to livestock grazing, which has significantly shaped the landscape (Poschlod & WallisDeVries 2002). Due to the relatively low yield of dry grasslands on shallow soils over limestone, sheep and goat grazing has been common in the Bohemian Karst, as they tolerate lower-quality fodder and rocky terrain. Grazing has maintained open vegetation patches even in periods of closed canopy forest, and thus supported plant and animal species confined to this type of habitat. From the conservation point of view, grazing has played a positive role in the maintenance of species diversity. In the 20 th century, the extent of grazing livestock decreased significantly in the Bohemian Karst, mainly after World War II, from roughly 10,000 to 100 goats and sheep (Novák & Tlapák 1974). Along with this, landscape changes occurred, whereby large open patches developed into woodland, either through succession (in remote and unprofitable places), or due to tree planting. The remaining patches of grasslands are degrading due to increasing cover of dominant grasses and sedges at the expense of less competitive species, and plant and invertebrate species diversity is decreasing, small bare soil patches are disappearing, litter is accumulating, and microhabitat diversity is declining. Fig. 1. Grasslands 47
Page 1: Ecological restoration in the Czech
Page 4 and 5: Front cover photograph: — Šumava
Page 6 and 7: Foreword František Pelc Despite st
Page 8 and 9: Nomenclature, abbreviations and exp
Page 10 and 11: Already in the 1970s and the early
Page 13 and 14: Introduction Historical changes in
Page 15 and 16: Forest restoration management for b
Page 17 and 18: Active restoration and management o
Page 19 and 20: Fig. 5, 6. slow, mostly due to
Page 21 and 22: Methods 1. Classification of the in
Page 23 and 24: Tab. 1. Species 1992 [%] 2003 [%]
Page 25 and 26: a) b) Fig. 2.
Page 27 and 28: Restoration of forests damaged by a
Page 29 and 30: Fig. 6. - - One project was pre
Page 31 and 32: Spontaneous recovery of mountain sp
Page 33: Grasslands
Page 36 and 37: e.g. rotary mowers) (Čížek et al
Page 38 and 39: Fig. 4. - Conclusion Thanks to res
Page 40 and 41: 2,0 -0,5 -0,5 2001 1989 Year 1998 1
Page 42 and 43: Restoration management of wetland m
Page 44 and 45: Public support The management of th
Page 48 and 49: Objectives Restoration and maintena
Page 50 and 51: lands and raised or maintained a hi
Page 52 and 53: especially under intensive grazing
Page 54 and 55: 2002-2007 Intensive local surveys,
Page 56 and 57: Optimising management at Gentianell
Page 58 and 59: cially when starting regular manage
Page 60 and 61: Objectives Creating suitable condit
Page 62 and 63: Objectives — Mimic the natural st
Page 65: Wetlands and streams
Page 68 and 69: Restoration of streams and their fl
Page 70 and 71: projects dealing with sections of j
Page 72 and 73: Mires are restored relatively often
Page 74 and 75: Restoration of the Černý potok st
Page 76 and 77: Figs. 3, 4. The effect of restorat
Page 78 and 79: Fig. 3. - ranges from 3 to 5 m an
Page 80 and 81: Restoration of drained mires in the
Page 82 and 83: Fig. 5. here fluctuations were re
Page 84 and 85: Fig. 2. This improved th
Page 87 and 88: Mining and post-industrial sites
Page 89 and 90: Introduction Mining has a long tra
Page 91 and 92: Fig. 4. Fig. 5. erogeneity
Page 93 and 94: Fig. 7. Holec M. & Frouz J. (200
Page 95 and 96: Restoration measures 2002-2004 Stud
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Coal mining spoil heaps in the Most
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Restoration of spoil heaps by spont
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Number of species 30 25 20 15 10 5
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Fig. 2. - References Holub J. & P
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Other lessons learned and future pr
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Fig. 3. Fig. 4. - is u
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Abandoned military areas
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tat, however, is only convenient fo
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Disturbance management, a way to pr
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Fig. 3. - Other lessons learned an
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Restoration measures Fig. 2. Abio
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Landscapes
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Fig. 2. — forests damaged by int
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the increasing production of oilsee
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sediments. As for soils, chernozems
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Restoration of the Včelnička stre
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20,0 y = 10,1x -0,57 R 2 = 0,92 NO3
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Restoration of greenery elements in
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Restoration of standard orchard at
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Restoration of semi-natural vegetat
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Conclusions This publication reflec
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Klaudys Martin Konvička Martin Cze
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Nature Conservation Agency of the C
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Brief reviews “ A useful publicat
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Ecological restoration in the Czech Republic

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