Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
Research<br />
Understanding Olfaction<br />
In order to understand what white noise means for<br />
the sense of smell, it is important to know what<br />
smell actually is.<br />
There is no unambiguous, proven theory on the olfactory<br />
sense, the two prime theories describe different<br />
ways of receiving smell molecules.<br />
The conventional theory [1] is based on the<br />
molecules’ structure; the unique shape of a smellmolecule<br />
fits one specific receptor, which then sends a<br />
signal to the brain, where it is processed.<br />
If we take molecule a, receptor A is able to lock molecule<br />
a. The same for molecule b, with receptor B. So a<br />
scent is a mixture of molecules locked on to receptors.<br />
In abstract, a smell looks like: 5aA + 2bB + 4cC = specific<br />
odor. So a specific smell is composed from different<br />
smell molecules, spread in various ratios.<br />
Quite recent, a new theory [2] was introduced<br />
by Luca Turin, a biophysicist engaged in understanding<br />
smell. His theory is based on the molecular vibration,<br />
which is specific for each molecule, and differs<br />
per isotope. According to Turin, receptors in the<br />
nose are able to sense the frequency of molecules and<br />
convert the vibrations to electrical signals via a process<br />
called tunneling [3]. The interesting part of this theory<br />
is that various isotopes of the same molecule can smell<br />
completely different, since the virbrations differ from<br />
each other.<br />
Several question originated relevant to the<br />
goal of the research: What is the difference caused<br />
by fluctuation in ratio’s? What is the minimum<br />
concentration of a smellmoolecule to be detected? Is<br />
it possible to dissable certain receptors? What exactly<br />
happens to smell when the ratio’s are disordered?<br />
These questions are important if we want to be<br />
able to create white smog; if we want to cancel out the<br />
smells attracting mosquitoes, we need to know how<br />
these behave.<br />
6<br />
Smell molecules are mainly built up from 6 basic atom