INDIA’S INTENDED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION

Himalayan ecosystems, forestry, Capacity building and Knowledge management. Climate
plans at the sub national level also focus significantly on adaptation.
Besides these targeted programmes, India has also implemented a series of schemes which
strengthen adaptive capacities of the vulnerable communities. India’s expenditure on
programmes with critical adaptation components has increased from 1.45% of GDP in 2000-
01 to 2.82% during 2009-10. Expenditure on human capabilities and livelihoods viz. poverty
alleviation, health improvement and disease control and risk management, constitutes more
than 80% of the total expenditure on adaptation in India.
India's adaptation policies in some of the crucial sectors are outlined below:
2.1 AGRICULTURE
Agriculture is the source of livelihood for nearly two-thirds of the population in India. It is
predominantly rainfed covering about 60% of the country’s net sown area and accounts for
40% of the total food production. Droughts and floods are frequent and the sector is already
facing high degree of climate variability. The performance of agriculture sector has a direct
bearing on food supplies and food security. India is projected to become the most populated
country by 2030 and will need to produce an additional 100 million tonnes of food grains to
feed the large population. In the agriculture sector, the need for comprehensive risk
management and insurance is further enhanced due to these reasons.
Keeping in view the above challenges, Government of India is implementing
policies/missions targeting various threats facing agriculture. Some of the important ones are
National Food Security Mission, Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture,
National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture, Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana to
promote organic farming practices, Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana to promote
efficient irrigation practices and National Mission on Agricultural Extension &
Technology.
1) The National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) aims at enhancing food
security and protection of resources such as land, water, biodiversity and genetics. The
mission focuses on new technologies and practices in cultivation, genotypes of crops that
have enhanced CO 2 fixation potential, which are less water consuming and more climate
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