Plastics

Recommendations

Info

0.0004 millimeters Abbreviation Full name Common source Examples of common uses Biodegradation properties in terrestrial environment (including medical applications) Biodegradation properties in aquatic/marine environment Reference PBS Poly (butylene succinate) Fossil fuel Agricultural mulching films, packaging Biodegradable 1 Some degradation after 12 months but retains 95% tensile strength 3 Some degradation after 2 years 4 1 Tokiwa et al. 2009 3 Sekiguchi et al. 2011 4 Kim et al. 2014a,b PCL Polycaprolactone Fossil fuel 3D printing, hobbyists, biomedical applications Biodegradable by hydrolysis in the human body Biodegradable 1 Some degradation after 12 months 3 1 Tokiwa et al. 2009 3 Sekiguchi et al. 2011 PE Polyethylene Biomass & fossil fuel 1.002 millimeters Packaging, containers, pipes Extremely limited, potential minor effect in Tropics due to higher temperature, dissolved oxygen and microfauna/flora assemblages 5 5 Sudhakar et al. 2007 PES Polyethersulfone Fossil fuel films Biodegradable 1 1 Tokiwa et al. 2009 PET Polyethylene terephthalate Fossil fuel, fossil fuel with biomass Containers, bottles, ‘fleece’ clothing 14 BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS AND MARINE LITTER Misconceptions, concerns and impacts on marine environments PGA PHB Poly (glycolic acid) Poly (hyroxybutyrate) Sutures, food packaging 0.002 millimeters Biodegradable by hydrolysis in the human body Biomass Medical sutures Biodegradable 1 PLA Poly(lactide) Biomass Agricultural mulching films, packaginzg, biomedical applications, personal hygiene products, 3D printing Some degradation after 12 3 Biodegradable 1 Compostable 5 1.24 millimeters 1.0542 millimeters 1 Tokiwa et al. 2009 3 Sekiguchi et al. 2011 1 Tokiwa et al. 2009 5 Pemba et al. 2014
Abbreviation Full name Common source Examples of common uses Biodegradation properties in terrestrial environment (including medical applications) Biodegradation properties in aquatic/marine environment Reference PMMA Poly(methyl) methylacrylate Fossil fuel Acrylic glass, biomedical applications, lasers Biodegradable 3 3 Cappitelli et al. 2006 POM Poly(oxymethylene) Also called Acetal Fossil fuel High performance engineering components e.g. automobile industry PP Polypropylene Fossil fuel Packaging, containers, furniture, pipes PS Polystyrene Fossil fuel Food packaging 1.002 millimeters EPS Expanded polystyrene Fossil fuel Insulation panels, insulated boxes, fishing/aquaculture floats, packaging PU (PUR) PVA Polyurethane Fossil fuel Insulation, wheels, gaskets, adhesives 0.0004 millimeters Poly(vinyl Fossil fuel Paper coatings Biodegradable alcohol) PVA Poly(vinyl acetate) 1.0542 millimeters PVC Poly (vinyl chloride) Fossil fuel Fossil fuel Rayon Rayon Biomass (cellulose) Adhesives Pipes, insulation for electric cables, construction Fibres, 1.24 clothing millimeters Biodegradable Biodegradable SBR Styrenebutadiene rubber Fossil fuel Pneumatic tyres, gaskets, chewing gum, sealant Starch Starch Biomass Packaging, bags, Starch blends e.g. Mater-Bi Biodegradable in soil and compost 6 0.002 millimeters Minimal deterioration in littoral marsh of seawater 6 6 Accinelli et al. 2012 15 BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS AND MARINE LITTER Misconceptions, concerns and impacts on marine environments
Page 1 and 2: Biodegradable Plastics & MARINE LIT
Page 3 and 4: Biodegradable Plastics & MARINE LIT
Page 5 and 6: Contents Abbreviations list 2 Execu
Page 7 and 8: Executive Summary The development a
Page 9 and 10: Background The objective of this br
Page 11 and 12: 1.002 millimeters Photo: Ludwig Tr
Page 13 and 14: Polymers and plastics - terminology
Page 15 and 16: Single-use plastic shopping bag mar
Page 17: Table 2.3 Common synthetic polymers
Page 21 and 22: 1.002 millimeters Photo: Doug Becke
Page 23 and 24: Fragmentation, degradation and biod
Page 25 and 26: The biodegradability of polymers is
Page 27 and 28: 1.002 millimeters Fig. 3.3 Examples
Page 29 and 30: The behaviour of ‘biodegradable
Page 31 and 32: were collected from the stomach, th
Page 33 and 34: Public perceptions, attitudes and b
Page 35 and 36: CONclusions Plastic debris is ubiqu
Page 37 and 38: Moravek, S. J., M. K. Hassan, D. J.

Plastics

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?