INDONESIAN AND MALAYSIAN SUPPORT FOR THE ISLAMIC STATE (FINAL REPORT)

CONTENTS
Acronyms .................................................................................................................................. iii
Glossary .................................................................................................................................... iii
Map of Malaysia and Indonesia ............................................................................................... iii
Executive Summary....................................................................................................................1
Implications for USG and USAID Programming ........................................................................... 3
I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 5
The Rise of ISIS .................................................................................................................................... 5
Methodology and Sources ................................................................................................................... 5
II. CURRENT STATUS ........................................................................................................... 6
Scale of the Problem ............................................................................................................................ 6
Indonesian and Malaysian Fighters in Syria and Iraq ...................................................................... 6
Measuring Support for ISIS in Indonesia and Malaysia ................................................................. 8
Returnees and Arrests .......................................................................................................................... 9
Nature and Level of the ISIS Threat ................................................................................................. 9
III. SUPPORT FOR ISIS AND OTHER JIHADIST GROUPS ............................................ 12
Background and Origins of Recruits ............................................................................................... 12
Pro-ISIS Versus Pro-al-Qaeda Groups ........................................................................................... 13
Pro-ISIS Indonesian Groups ............................................................................................................ 13
Anti-ISIS Indonesian Groups ........................................................................................................... 14
Pro-ISIS Malaysian Groups ............................................................................................................... 16
IV. MOTIVATIONS AND DRIVERS OF SUPPORT ........................................................... 16
V. NETWORKS AND MECHANISMS OF RECRUITMENT AND SUPPORT ................ 18
Leaders and Networks ....................................................................................................................... 18
Recruitment and Selection Processes .............................................................................................. 19
Social Media ......................................................................................................................................... 20
Prisons .................................................................................................................................................. 21
Mosques and Islamic School Networks .......................................................................................... 21
VI. GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETAL RESPONSES ......................................................... 22
Framing the ISIS Issue: Terrorists or Traitors? ............................................................................. 22
Government Responses ..................................................................................................................... 24
Muslim and Civil Society Responses ............................................................................................... 26
VII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................... 26
Overall Assessment of the Current and Potential Threat ............................................................ 26
Implications for USG and USAID Programming ......................................................................... 27
Indonesian and Malaysian Support for the Islamic State