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CONTENTS vii Abbreviations 1 1 From MDGs to SDGs: general introduction 3 Summary 4 MDGs 5 Health in the MDG: achievements 6 Strengths and limitations of the MDGs 7 SDGs 8 The health goal 9 Health in other goals 10 Follow-up and review 12 Notes and references 2 15 Economic, social and environmental context and health implications 17 Summary 18 Population trends 18 Fertility and population growth 19 The youth bulge 21 Ageing 22 Migration 23 Urbanization 25 Economic determinants of health and financing for development 26 Poverty eradication and income inequality 27 Globalization and trade 28 Development assistance for health 29 Social development 29 Gender equality and rights 30 Human rights 31 Education 32 Environment and climate change 32 Climate change 34 Pollution and contamination 34 Occupational health 35 Intersectoral action 36 Notes and references 3 39 Universal Health Coverage 41 Summary 43 Trends 44 Positive developments 45 Challenges 47 Strategic priorities Snapshots 50 Governance 52 Health financing iv HEALTH IN 2015: FROM MDGs TO SDGs
54 Health workforce 56 Medical products 58 Health information 60 Service delivery 62 Research for UHC 64 Notes and references 4 69 Reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, adolescent health and undernutrition 71 Summary 74 Achievements 75 Success factors 78 Challenges 79 Strategic priorities Snapshots 82 Maternal health 84 Newborn health 86 Child health 88 Polio 90 Undernutrition 92 Adolescent health 94 Sexual and reproductive health and rights 96 Notes and references 5 99 Infectious diseases 101 Summary 103 Achievements 105 Success factors 107 Challenges 109 Strategic priorities Snapshots 112 HIV/AIDS 114 Tuberculosis 116 Malaria 118 Neglected tropical diseases 120 Hepatitis 122 Waterborne diseases 124 Cholera 126 Sexually transmitted infections 128 Notes and references 6 131 Noncommunicable diseases 133 Summary 134 Trends 135 Positive developments 137 Challenges 138 Strategic priorities Snapshots 140 Cardiovascular diseases 142 Cancer 144 Diabetes 146 Tobacco use 148 Air pollution 150 Notes and references HEALTH IN 2015: FROM MDGs TO SDGs v
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Page 10 and 11: IHR IPCC ITN LLIN MCV MDG MDR TB mh
Page 13 and 14: SUMMARY This report aims to describ
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Page 19 and 20: The 13 targets that underpin the br
Page 21 and 22: Box 1.1 Life expectancy improvement
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Page 27 and 28: SUMMARY The SDGs position health as
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2.2 Trends in fertility by r
Page 31 and 32: Ageing Populations around the world
Page 33 and 34: The recent influx of refugees into
Page 35 and 36: and implementing policies and progr
Page 37 and 38: that dialogue is to demonstrate an
Page 39 and 40: One of the challenges we face as we
Page 41 and 42: Most recently, the right to health
Page 43 and 44: 2100 Figure 2.15 Global average sur
Page 45 and 46: Figure 2.17 Proportion of health fa
Page 47 and 48: 42 World development report 2014: r
Page 49: 3 UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE
Page 52 and 53: UHC is coverage that provides peopl
Page 54 and 55: Figure 3.4 Per capita government he
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living in poverty, are pushed furth
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integration of all SDG health targe
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GOVERNANCE Governance in the health
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HEALTH FINANCING A country’s heal
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HEALTH WORKFORCE Health systems and
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MEDICAL PRODUCTS Access to quality
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HEALTH INFORMATION Health informati
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SERVICE DELIVERY In order to achiev
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RESEARCH FOR UHC Research evidence
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NOTES AND REFERENCES 1 World health
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89 Implementing the Commission on I
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173 Labrique A, Vasudevan L, Chang
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SUMMARY Deaths among pregnant women
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Figure 4.3 MDG and SDG targets rela
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have declined from 25% to 14% betwe
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Chapter 5). As noted above, there h
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Figure 4.8 Wealth-related inequalit
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young children. 61 Specific indicat
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CHALLENGES Access to skilled care a
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CHALLENGES Scaling up effective int
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CHALLENGES Leaving no country behin
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CHALLENGES Endemic countries: Polio
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Figure 4.22 Prevalence of stunting
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CHALLENGES Spurring action in count
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CHALLENGES Ending child marriage: D
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43 Financing global health 2014: sh
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5 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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Infectious and parasitic diseases a
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Figure 5.4 Global number of deaths
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International TB funding increased
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Improving quality of care: The qual
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Table 5.1 Summary of specific targe
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HIV/AIDS More than 30 years since t
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TUBERCULOSIS TB is a treatable and
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MALARIA Almost half the world’s p
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NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES NTDs 89
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HEPATITIS Viral hepatitis is caused
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WATERBORNE DISEASES Waterborne dise
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CHOLERA Cholera is an acute diarrho
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SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS STI
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NOTES AND REFERENCES 1 Global Healt
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84 Dye C, Maher D, Weil D, Espinal
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SUMMARY NCDs are included as a spec
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Figure 6.2 Probability of death fro
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as task sharing using community hea
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The stated aim of the strategy is p
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CHALLENGES Despite declines in mort
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CHALLENGES Lack of access to effect
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CHALLENGES Diabetes is an increasin
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CHALLENGES Increasing use in some r
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CHALLENGES Air pollution remains a
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40 From burden to “best buys”:
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7 MENTAL HEALTH AND SUBSTANCE USE
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Mental disorders, including dementi
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the effectiveness of task sharing b
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• To provide comprehensive, integ
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DEPRESSION AND SUICIDE Mental disor
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DEMENTIA The world’s population i
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SUBSTANCE USE AND SUBSTANCE USE DIS
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NOTES AND REFERENCES 1 Global Healt
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8 INJURIES AND VIOLENCE
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Injuries, whether sustained acciden
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due to limited data. However, the s
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aiming to stop the predicted increa
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ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES Every year, a
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VIOLENCE AND HOMICIDE There were an
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WAR AND CONFLICT In 2012, an estima
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DISASTERS Disasters are often assoc
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NOTES AND REFERENCES 1 Global repor
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SUMMARY In September 2015, heads of
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A 10-page declaration precedes the
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THE PLACE OF HEALTH IN THE SDGs 1 H
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that health systems providing integ
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FOLLOW-UP AND REVIEW 9 Monitoring t
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NOTES AND REFERENCES 1 Transforming
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WHO South-East Asia Region: Banglad
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ISBN 978 92 4 156511 0
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