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CountryFocus Healthcare Regulatory and Reimbursement Landscape

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4.3.10 Labeling <strong>and</strong> Packaging Regulations 137<br />

5 Country Analysis 139<br />

5.1 Political Environment 139<br />

5.1.1 Political Structure 139<br />

5.1.2 Analysis of the Current Political Environment 140<br />

5.1.3 <strong>Healthcare</strong> Policy Initiatives 141<br />

5.2 Economic L<strong>and</strong>scape 143<br />

5.3 Economic Indicators 148<br />

5.3.1 Gross Domestic Product 148<br />

5.3.2 Gross National Income 151<br />

5.3.3 Inflation 152<br />

5.3.4 Currency Exchange Rate 155<br />

5.3.5 Foreign Direct Investment 156<br />

5.3.6 Foreign Exchange Reserves 157<br />

5.3.7 Trade Balance 159<br />

5.3.8 General Government Structural Balance 162<br />

5.3.9 General Government Gross Debt 163<br />

5.3.10 Major Industries 164<br />

5.4 Demographics 166<br />

5.4.1 Population 166<br />

5.4.2 Education <strong>and</strong> Literacy Rate 181<br />

5.4.3 Employment 183<br />

5.4.4 Disease Burden 184<br />

5.5 <strong>Healthcare</strong> Infrastructure 188<br />

5.5.1 Hospitals 188<br />

5.5.2 <strong>Healthcare</strong> Facilities 189<br />

5.5.3 <strong>Healthcare</strong> Parameters 191<br />

5.5.4 Environmental Health 193<br />

5.5.5 <strong>Healthcare</strong> Personnel 197<br />

5.6 <strong>Healthcare</strong> Expenditure 198<br />

5.6.1 Overview 198<br />

5.6.2 Public <strong>and</strong> Private Sector Share 200<br />

5.7 Trade Associations 201<br />

5.7.1 China Chamber of Commerce for Import <strong>and</strong> Export of Medicines <strong>and</strong> Health Products 201<br />

5.7.2 China <strong>Healthcare</strong> Association 201<br />

5.7.3 Shanghai Medical Instrument Trade Association 201<br />

5.7.4 Chinese Hospital Association 201<br />

5.7.5 China Pharmaceutical Industry Association 202<br />

5.8 Trade Fairs 202<br />

6 Opportunities <strong>and</strong> Challenges 203<br />

6.1 Opportunities 203<br />

6.2 Challenges 204<br />

7 Appendix 206<br />

7.1 Abbreviations 206<br />

7.2 Bibliography 209<br />

7.3 Research Methodology 219<br />

7.3.1 Coverage 219<br />

3

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