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<strong>The</strong> <strong>Emerging</strong> <strong>Risks</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Live</strong> <strong>Virus</strong> & <strong>Virus</strong> <strong>Vectored</strong> <strong>Vaccines</strong>:<br />
Vaccine Strain <strong>Virus</strong> Infection, Shedding & Transmission<br />
immunodeficiency virus (SIV). <strong>The</strong>y alleged that HIV-1 now circulating among humans<br />
is a hybrid monkey-human virus that was created when there was a cross-species<br />
transmission <strong>of</strong> SIV from non-human African primates to humans in Africa via SIVcontaminated<br />
oral polio vaccines.<br />
181 182 183<br />
By 2009, there was confirmation that the origins <strong>of</strong> HIV-1 group M, the most prevalent<br />
form circulating in humans, can be traced to a monkey virus (SIV), which resides in<br />
chimpanzees in central Africa. 184 Although most scientists and vaccine manufacturers<br />
involved in the creation <strong>of</strong> live polio vaccines and government health <strong>of</strong>ficials defending<br />
use <strong>of</strong> OPV continue to vehemently deny that SIV contaminated oral polio vaccines or<br />
that polio vaccines were involved in the creation <strong>of</strong> HIV-1, those who disagree maintain<br />
there is good evidence to the contrary. 185<br />
Lessons Learned?<br />
<strong>The</strong> argument between scientists about the origins, significance and pathology <strong>of</strong> SV40<br />
and SIV-related infections in humans is not over but there is one lesson that should not<br />
be ignored. In the words <strong>of</strong> one group <strong>of</strong> researchers:<br />
“<strong>The</strong>re is a risk in using primary monkey kidney cells for preparing vaccines<br />
because monkey cells can be infected with SV40 (and with other monkey<br />
viruses) and it may be difficult to completely eliminate or detect this<br />
contamination.” 186<br />
<strong>The</strong> history <strong>of</strong> monkey virus contamination <strong>of</strong> live oral poliovirus vaccines is a warning to<br />
all scientists continuing to use animal cell cultures to make live virus and virus vectored<br />
vaccines. Contamination <strong>of</strong> vaccines with adventitious agents (like SV40) could create<br />
serious health problems for this and future generations when viruses from other species<br />
infect humans, who shed and transmit the virus or viral DNA to future generations. 187<br />
Polioviruses, Other Enteroviruses Constantly Mutating<br />
Polioviruses and other enteroviruses have very high mutation rates during replication in<br />
the gastrointestinal tract and are continually recombining and evolving in humans and<br />
animals. 188 189 190 191 This fact became an issue when the Sabin vaccine was being<br />
developed in the late 1950’s when researchers suspected that live attenuated<br />
polioviruses might be as genetically unstable as wild-type polioviruses.<br />
Those suspicions were confirmed when cases <strong>of</strong> vaccine-associated paralytic<br />
poliomyelitis (VAPP) began to emerge and it was documented that vaccine strain live<br />
polioviruses could mutate or revert to more neurotropic forms that were as neurovirulent<br />
as wild-type polio. Immunodeficient children were found to be approximately 7,000<br />
times at greater risk for VAPP than healthy children. 192<br />
When the U.S. finally abandoned use <strong>of</strong> OPV in 1999 and returned to use <strong>of</strong> the<br />
inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), the live virus polio vaccine was responsible for the only<br />
cases <strong>of</strong> poliovirus-related infection and paralysis reported in the U.S.<br />
NVIC Referenced Report – Nov. 2014, Page 24
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