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Professional Staff Dwight Bashir, Acting Co-Director for Policy and Research Elizabeth K. Cassidy, Acting Co-Director for Policy and Research Judith E. Golub, Director of Government and Media Relations Paul Liben, Executive Writer Sahar Chaudhry, Senior Policy Analyst Catherine Cosman, Senior Policy Analyst Tiffany Lynch, Senior Policy Analyst Tina L. Mufford, Policy Analyst Jomana Qaddour, Policy Analyst Roy Haskins, Manager of Finance and Administration Travis Horne, Government and Media Relations Assistant Eric Snee, Travel and Administration Specialist U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom 732 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite A714 Washington, DC 20401 202–523–3240 (phone) 202–523–5020 (fax) www.uscirf.gov
TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................1 2016 ANNUAL REPORT OVERVIEW ..........................................................7 IRFA IMPLEMENTATION ....................................................................9 IRFA’s Purpose and Main Provisions ..........................................................9 Religious Freedom Violations under IRFA ..................................................... 10 Institutional Issues ....................................................................... 11 Annual Reports ......................................................................... 12 The CPC Mechanism ..................................................................... 13 Guidance .............................................................................. 16 Training ............................................................................... 17 Ensuring Funding for Religious Freedom Programming .......................................... 17 The Treatment of Asylum Seekers in Expedited Removal .......................................... 18 Multilateral Efforts ....................................................................... 19 The Role of Congress ..................................................................... 22 TIER 1 CPCS DESIGNATED BY THE STATE DEPARTMENT AND RECOMMENDED BY USCIRF ......25 Burma ................................................................................ 27 China ................................................................................. 33 Eritrea ................................................................................ 39 Iran ................................................................................... 45 North Korea ............................................................................ 51 Saudi Arabia ............................................................................ 57 Sudan ................................................................................. 65 Turkmenistan ........................................................................... 71 Uzbekistan ............................................................................. 77 TIER 1 CPCS RECOMMENDED BY USCIRF .................................................... 83 Central African Republic .................................................................. 85 Egypt ................................................................................. 91 Iraq ................................................................................... 99 Nigeria ............................................................................... 105 Pakistan .............................................................................. 113 Syria ................................................................................. 119 Tajikistan* ............................................................................ 127 Vietnam .............................................................................. 133 * On April 15, 2016, after this report was finalized, the State Department designated Tajikistan as a CPC for the first time, and also re-designated the nine countries that had been designated as CPCs in July 2014. USCIRF | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 iii
Page 1 and 2: UNITED STATES COMMISSION ON INTERNA
Page 3: ANNUAL REPORT OF THE U.S. COMMISSIO
Page 7 and 8: INTRODUCTION By any measure, religi
Page 9 and 10: “Migrants are escorted through fi
Page 11 and 12: including the United States. To be
Page 13 and 14: 2016 ANNUAL REPORT OVERVIEW Created
Page 15 and 16: IRFA IMPLEMENTATION IRFA’s Purpos
Page 17 and 18: names in the Federal Register. Desp
Page 19 and 20: target. The IRF Reports covering 20
Page 21 and 22: from the State Department’s CPC l
Page 23 and 24: and religious tolerance be included
Page 25 and 26: Service (USCIS), and Immigration an
Page 27 and 28: freedom concerns in OSCE countries,
Page 29 and 30: language to express congressional c
Page 31 and 32: TIER 1 CPCS DESIGNATED BY THE STATE
Page 33 and 34: BURMA Key Findings In 2015, peacefu
Page 35 and 36: BURMA carrying at least 5,000 indiv
Page 37 and 38: BURMA • Engage the government of
Page 39 and 40: CHINA Key Findings China’s severe
Page 41 and 42: CHINA indicated increased governmen
Page 43 and 44: CHINA including the treatment of Ch
Page 45 and 46: ERITREA Key Findings The Eritrean g
Page 47 and 48: ERITREA legal counsel, accorded due
Page 49 and 50: ERITREA property and property inter
Page 51 and 52: IRAN Key Findings Religious freedom
Page 53 and 54: IRAN engaging in religious activiti
Page 55 and 56:
IRAN On July 28, 2014, the Secretar
Page 57 and 58:
NORTH KOREA Key Findings North Kore
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NORTH KOREA become unstable. As a d
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USCIRF | ANNUAL REPORT 2016 55
Page 63 and 64:
SAUDI ARABIA Key Findings Despite s
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SAUDI ARABIA November 2015, his sen
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SAUDI ARABIA in the Kingdom during
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SAUDI ARABIA • Press the Saudi go
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SUDAN Key Findings Religious freedo
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SUDAN trials, with no legal represe
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SUDAN • Continue to support dialo
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TURKMENISTAN Key Findings In 2015,
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TURKMENISTAN Punishments for Religi
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TURKMENISTAN • Urge the Turkmen g
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UZBEKISTAN Key Findings The governm
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UZBEKISTAN over the past 15 years a
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UZBEKISTAN Afghanistan’s security
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TIER 1 CPCS RECOMMENDED BY USCIRF -
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CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Key Findin
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CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC where ther
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Page 97 and 98:
EGYPT Key Findings Against a backdr
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EGYPT unlicensed mosques from holdi
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EGYPT views on Facebook; he has gon
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disfavored Muslims and non-Muslims,
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IRAQ Key Findings Iraq’s religiou
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IRAQ accounts, ISIL gave Yazidis tw
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IRAQ al-Nujaifi. Moreover, in 2014,
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NIGERIA Key Findings Religious free
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NIGERIA houses of worship and relig
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NIGERIA in denying applications to
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NIGERIA development assistance, cou
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PAKISTAN Key Findings In 2015, the
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PAKISTAN second amendment, which am
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PAKISTAN members of the majority fa
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SYRIA Key Findings Syria’s religi
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SYRIA conflict was as follows: 87 p
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SYRIA al-Assad to step down and iss
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SYRIA in-kind assistance to genocid
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TAJIKISTAN Key Findings The governm
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TAJIKISTAN In February 2015, Tajiki
Page 137 and 138:
TAJIKISTAN education, and security.
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VIETNAM Key Findings Government res
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VIETNAM of their regular practices,
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VIETNAM Dialogue, which prominently
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TIER 2 COUNTRIES -AFGHANISTAN -AZER
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AFGHANISTAN Key Findings Afghanista
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AFGHANISTAN In 2015, U.S. and inter
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AZERBAIJAN Key Findings Despite Aze
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AZERBAIJAN August 2014. After being
Page 155 and 156:
AZERBAIJAN those seen by officials
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
CUBA Key Findings During the report
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CUBA Denial of Religious Freedom fo
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Page 165 and 166:
INDIA Key Findings In 2015, religio
Page 167 and 168:
INDIA Muslims and destroy[ing] the
Page 169 and 170:
INDIA Violations against Sikhs In a
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types have, on occasion, been targe
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INDONESIA Key Findings Incidents of
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INDONESIA by mobs during Friday pra
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INDONESIA the Rohingya Muslims from
Page 179 and 180:
KAZAKHSTAN Key Findings Although th
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KAZAKHSTAN activity. Court hearings
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KAZAKHSTAN USCIRF | ANNUAL REPORT 2
Page 185 and 186:
LAOS Key Findings Although the Lao
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LAOS worship and appointing religio
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efugees and continues to encourage
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MALAYSIA Key Findings In 2015, many
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MALAYSIA a story about the position
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MALAYSIA that distorts religious te
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RUSSIA Key Findings Along with othe
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RUSSIA Extremism Charges Surveillan
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RUSSIA as to re-register. Some grou
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RUSSIA freeze their assets, and bar
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Page 207 and 208:
TURKEY Key Findings Turkey’s cons
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TURKEY since 2011. The communities
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TURKEY U.S. Policy Turkey is an imp
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BAHRAIN During the past year, there
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BANGLADESH In 2015, violent extremi
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BELARUS USCIRF continues to monitor
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BELARUS of Catholic Bishops observe
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HORN OF AFRICA Religious freedom vi
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HORN OF AFRICA radical Muslim cleri
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KYRGYZSTAN The Kyrgyz government re
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WESTERN EUROPE USCIRF continues to
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WESTERN EUROPE Hate Speech Laws The
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APPENDICES USCIRF | ANNUAL REPORT 2
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APPENDIX 1 BIOGRAPHIES OF USCIRF CO
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Glendon is a member of the American
Page 237 and 238:
and a regional federal agency. Rose
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APPENDIX 2 ERITREAN PRISONER LIST 2
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APPENDIX 3 BOKO HARAM ATTACKS Boko
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DATE PERPETRATOR DESCRIPTION LOCATI
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APPENDIX 4 MUSLIM LEADERS IMPRISONE
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APPENDIX 5 AZERBAIJAN PRISONER LIST
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The Case of the Web site www.azad.x
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The “Freedom for Hijab” Case Th
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The Case of the Muslim Unity Moveme
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APPENDIX 6 KAZAKHSTAN PRISONER LIST
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The Criminal Code of the Republic o
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APPENDIX 7 TAJIKISTAN PRISONER LIST
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NO. NAME BIRTH DATE RESIDENCY RESPO
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NO. NAME BIRTH DATE RESIDENCY RESPO
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The Case of “Hizb ut-Tahrir al-Is
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The Case of “Hizb ut-Tahrir al-Is
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The First Case of “Hizb ut-Tahrir
Page 272 and 273:
The Case of Members of the Banned I
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268 USCIRF | ANNUAL REPORT 2016
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