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Copyright©2016, Arizona Geological Survey All rights reserved Book design: M. Conway & S. Mar Photos: Dr. Larry Fellows, Dr. Anthony Lux and Dr. John Bezy unless otherwise noted Printed in the United States of America Permission is granted for individuals to make single copies for their personal use in research, study or teaching, and to use short quotes, figures, or tables, from this publication for publication in scientific books and journals, provided that the source of the information is appropriately cited. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new or collective works, or for resale. The reproduction of multiple copies and the use of articles or extracts for comercial purposes require specific permission from the Arizona Geological Survey. Published by the Arizona Geological Survey 416 W. Congress, #100, Tucson, AZ 85701 www.azgs.az.gov Cover photo: Pinnacles at Catalina State Park, Courtesy of Dr. Anthony Lux ISBN 978-0-9854798-2-4 Citation: Bezy, J.V., 2016, A Guide to the Geology of the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona: The Geology and Life Zones of a Madrean Sky Island. Arizona Geological Survey Down-to-Earth # 22, 83 p.
Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 2 INTRODUCTION 3 PART 1. Geologic History: The Formation of the Santa Catalina Mountains 7 PART 2. The Southern Santa Catalina Mountains 18 Roads and Places: Pima Canyon, Sabino Canyon, the Catalina Highway 18 Tinajas, Gnammas, Tafoni, Rock Varnish and Case-hardened Surfaces. 26 PART 3. The Western and Northern Catalina Mountains 31 Roads and Places: Catalina State Park, Charouleau Gap Road, Biosphere 2, Oracle State Park, and Cody Loop Drive in Oracle, Arizona 31 The Wilderness Suite Granite Landscape: Pinnacles and Cliffs 35 The Catalina Granite Landscape: Exhumed pediments and domed inselbergs 40 Pediments................................. 40 Domed inselbergs................... 41 Bajada and stream piracy....... 49 The Apache Group-Bolsa Quartzite Landscape: Parallel ridges and valleys 50 The Oracle Granite Landscape: Boulder inselbergs 53 PART 4: The Eastern Santa Catalina Mountains 57 Roads and Places: the Mt. Lemmon Road, Peppersauce Canyon 57 The Mogul and Geesaman Faults Zone 57 Mining ....................................... 64 PART 5: The Crest of the Santa Catalina Mountains 66 Roads and Places: the Catalina Highway and the Mt. Lemmon Road 66 Mining ..................................... 68 PART 6: Life Zones of the Santa Catalina Mountains 71 Roads and Places: the Catalina Highway, the Mt. Lemmon Road, Sabino Canyon, Catalina State Park.................. 71 Vegetation................................ 71 SUGGESTED Readings 81 1
Page 1 and 2: A GUIDE TO THE GEOLOGY OF THE Santa
Page 3: A Guide to the Geology of the Santa
Page 7 and 8: INTRODUCTION Natural landscapes hav
Page 9 and 10: Part 6 is an overview of the biolog
Page 11 and 12: PART 1. Geologic History: The Forma
Page 13 and 14: Map B. Geology of the southern, wes
Page 15 and 16: A second period of extension began
Page 17 and 18: Figure 6. The 1.64 billion-year-old
Page 19 and 20: Figure 9. Block diagram illustratin
Page 21 and 22: Figure 12. Canyon cut into a bajada
Page 23 and 24: into a new rock—gneiss. Dark-colo
Page 25 and 26: as they move down pre-existing chan
Page 27 and 28: Figure 19. Boulders from a landslid
Page 29 and 30: Rockfalls, landslides, and debis fl
Page 31 and 32: Figure 22. Tinaja in Sabino Canyon
Page 33 and 34: Rock varnish, a tan to brown minera
Page 35 and 36: Figure 26. Pinnacles in Wilderness
Page 37 and 38: Erosion began wearing back the face
Page 39 and 40: Figure 30. Stream terraces along Su
Page 41 and 42: Figure 32. Fold in Wilderness Suite
Page 43 and 44: Case hardening protects rock surfac
Page 45 and 46: Pediment size is influenced by the
Page 47 and 48: Figure 41. Curvilinear joints along
Page 49 and 50: Granite disintegration leaves a gro
Page 51 and 52: The white veins in the granite are
Page 53 and 54: Figure 48. Satellite image of miner
Page 55 and 56:
Figure 50. The light-colored basin
Page 57 and 58:
Figure 52. Mineralization in the Li
Page 59 and 60:
Boulder inselbergs form where surfa
Page 61 and 62:
Figure 57. Corestone in Oracle Gran
Page 63 and 64:
Figure 59. Upturned layers of sedim
Page 65 and 66:
Figure 62. Solution pits dissolved
Page 67 and 68:
or industrial metals have been foun
Page 69 and 70:
Figure 67. Mine tailings from mine
Page 71 and 72:
Figure 70. Tilted layers of limesto
Page 73 and 74:
Figure 73. The course of the upper
Page 75 and 76:
PART 6: Life Zones of the Santa Cat
Page 77 and 78:
Figure 76. Sonoran Desert scrub, be
Page 79 and 80:
Pine-oak woodland (4800 to 7400 ft;
Page 81 and 82:
Figure 81. Pine forest life zone, n
Page 83 and 84:
Figure 83. Subalpine forest below M
Page 85 and 86:
a wide range of mammals and raptors
Page 87 and 88:
Oracle Mining Corp, 2011, Annual In
Page 89:
Poppies after spring rain (Photo co
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Santa

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