EDEXCEL A LEVEL GEOGRAPHY THIRD EDITION

Student Books in print and digital formats
Edexcel A level Geography, Third Edition
Student Books
We are working towards endorsement of these Student
Books for Edexcel A level Geography
Authors: Cameron Dunn, Kim Adams, David Holmes,
Simon Oakes, Sue Warn and Michael Witherick
Trust the leading A level Geography publisher to boost your students’ geographical
knowledge and skills with fully updated editions of our bestselling Student Books;
designed to provide the in-depth subject coverage, developmental activities and exam
support you need at a time of curriculum change.
Each book:
• Helps students acquire, apply and revise core knowledge using clear explanations of key
geographical content and concepts
• Progressively builds the geographical and data skills emphasised in the 2016 specification by
offering plenty of opportunities to learn and practise relevant skills for each topic
• Brings geographical theory to life with a bank of engaging, up-to-date place contexts for the
new specification
• Consolidates topic knowledge and enables students to track their learning with review
questions at the end of each chapter
• Prepares students for the demands of AS and A level examinations by including numerous
exam-style questions, ideal for skills development and rolling revision throughout the course
• Makes it easier for you to meet the increased fieldwork requirements, suggesting topicfocused
enquiries for both physical and human geography
Also available in two eTextbook formats:
Student
eTextbook
A downloadable version of the
printed textbook that you can
assign to students so they can:
• Download and view on any
device or browser
• Add, edit and synchronise notes
across two devices
• Access their personal copy on
the move
Edexcel A level Geography
Book 1 Student eTextbook
9781471856037
From £6.25 + VAT per student
Available: Jun 2016
Available via Dynamic Learning
Edexcel A level Geography
Book 2 Student eTextbook
9781471856075
From £6.25 + VAT per student
Available: Nov 2016
We are working towards endorsement of our Student eTextbooks
Whiteboard
eTextbook
An online, interactive version
of the printed textbook that
enables you to:
• Display interactive pages to
your class
• Add notes and highlight
areas of the text
• Insert double-page spreads
into your lesson plans
Edexcel A level Geography
Book 1 Whiteboard
eTextbook
9781471856044
From £150 + VAT for access
until Dec 2018
Available: May 2016
Edexcel A level Geography Book 1
9781471856549
£24.99
Available: May 2016
Edexcel A level Geography Book 2
9781471856532
£24.99
Available: Oct 2016
Available via Dynamic Learning
Edexcel A level Geography
Book 2 Whiteboard
eTextbook
9781471856082
From £150 + VAT for access
until Dec 2018
Available: Oct 2016
v
How does the Student Book support teaching
and learning?
Learning outcomes at the start of each chapter help
students track their learning
Key terms are defined throughout, increasing students’
geographical vocabulary and equipping them with the
terminology they need to use in their assessments
Clear explanations guide you and your students through
each topic in the new specification
l UK Trade and Investment supports UK businesses
and encourages inward investment. It oversees
the Regeneration and Investment Organisation
(RIO), which is involved in large-scale fl a g s h i p
regeneration projects. By 2015, RIO had 40 large
projects of over £100 million needing private
investment, such as Liverpool Waters and Sutton
Drug Discovery Complex.
When investigating the types of regeneration in your
local area you will encounter some of these major
government players as well as county and local councils,
and other important players. These may be:
l mayors of metropolitan regions
l non-governmental organisations, such as pressure
groups, environmental groups, charities and
businesses
l local individuals.
There may be differences of opinions between people
that need to be resolved by the government or the legal
system, as exemplified in the long-running debate over
airport and train infrastructure improvements to retain
and generate economic growth.
Airport development
In 2015, after twelve years of debate, the
Airports Commission gave a clear and unanimous
recommendation for an expansion plan at Heathrow,
including a third runway (Figure 17.1). The cost,
an estimated £18.6 billion, will be privately funded
but some of the support infrastructure will be
publically funded. The recommendation has polarised
views:
l Anti-expansion: London’s mayor; many MPs; local
and national protest groups such as Plane Stupid,
Greenpeace and the Campaign to Protect Rural
High Speed Two (HS2)
The Department for Transport’s company HS2 Ltd is
responsible for developing and promoting the UK’s new
high-speed rail network, High Speed Two, from London
to Birmingham, Manchester and Leeds. It is key to the
large-scale Northern Powerhouse regeneration scheme.
856549_Edexcel_ A_Level_Geog_Bk_17_244-256.indd 245
Key term
Flagship regeneration projects: Large-scale, prestigious
projects, often using bold ‘signature architecture’. The hope is
to generate a positive spin in a place.
Synoptic themes:
Players
There are many players involved in regeneration
strategies, many with differing viewpoints, and some
with more power than others.
Skills focus: Force field analysis
Force fi eld analysis is a useful geographical tool: you can
categorise the types of viewpoint (economic, social and
environmental) then weigh up the strength of the viewpoints
and plot them as a split bar chart.
l
England (CPRE); and some high-profile celebrities
such as Alistair McGowan.
Pro-expansion: business leaders, British
Chambers of Commerce and Richard Branson.
Heathrow airport argues that the hub operates
near full capacity and, since the South East is
the main earner of GVA in the UK, expansion
is essential to keep up with demand. It could
generate £100 billion of benefi ts nationally,
protect the current 114,000 local jobs and create
over 70,000 new ones.
The two phases, with end dates of 2026 and 2033,
show the long period of time needed for such large
infrastructure projects. There has been great controversy
about the costs, exact route of the line and its effect on
those living nearby (Figure 17.1).
17 How regeneration is managed
245
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Place contexts bring geographical theory to life, supplying
students with a bank of real-life examples to enhance
their exam responses
Review questions at the end of each chapter help students
consolidate their knowledge and track their learning
Further research extends students’ learning and develops
their independent study skills
This section of the Specification focuses on the role of
national and local governments in tackling inequalities
and problems resulting from socio-economic changes
through regeneration (see the key term in Chapter 15,
page 257), rebranding and re-imaging. You need
to know these key terms in order to understand the
following concepts and examples, based on the UK.
17.1 The role of national
government in regeneration
Infrastructure
The government plays a key role in regeneration by
managing the country’s economic, social and physical
environments through various political decisions.
Investment in infrastructure and addressing issues of
accessibility are seen as major factors in maintaining
economic growth. Infrastructure projects have two
main characteristics: high cost and longevity, hence
needing government funding. Since the 1980s there has
been increasing privatisation and partnerships between
government and private financiers. The private sector
is used to design, build, finance and/or maintain public
sector assets in return for long-term payments or profit
from the initial revenue generated.
The Infrastructure and Projects Authority, part of
the Treasury, was formed in January 2016 by the
merger of several departments. It oversees long-term
infrastructure priorities and secures private sector
investment, including Crossrail and broadband. There
are many other departments involved in regeneration
which, since devolution in 1999, differ slightly between
Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and England. The
list below shows an overview of the departments
244
17
Option 4A: Regenerating Places
856549_Edexcel_ A_Level_Geog_Bk_17_244-256.indd 244
l Heritage and literary associations, e.g. Brontë
Country.
l Farm diversification.
l Specialised, valorised products such as cheese or
buffalo meat production.
l Outdoor pursuits such as equestrianism, paintballing,
country parks.
l Adventure leisure and tourism such as climbing,
white-water rafting, ‘tough mudders’.
l Technology and infrastructure development, e.g.
broadband access opening up mail order in rural
areas.
Review questions
1 Differentiate between regeneration, rebranding
and re-imaging.
2 Create a summary table of the range of policies
used by national and local government to manage
the economic, social and physical environments
of the UK.
3 Outline the ways in which places may be made
more attractive to attract inward investment.
4 Explain why there are often tensions between
different players in regeneration.
5 Why is a partnership approach now encouraged
in the ways that regeneration policies are
implemented?
6 Compare and contrast the main methods used to
regenerate urban and rural areas.
256
Option 4A: Regenerating Places
856549_Edexcel_ A_Level_Geog_Bk_17_244-256.indd 256
How regeneration is managed
How is regeneration managed?
By the end of this chapter you should:
l be aware of the key role national governments play in regeneration
l be aware of policies local authorities use in making places attractive for investment
l understand the role of rebranding as part of regeneration.
Key terms
Rebranding: The ‘marketing’ aspect of regeneration designed
to attract businesses, residents and visitors. It often includes
re-imaging.
Re-imaging: Making a place more attractive and desirable
to invest and live in or visit.
Infrastructure: The basic physical systems of a place:
l economic infrastructure includes highways, energy distribution,
water and sewerage facilities, and telecommunication networks
l social infrastructure includes public housing, hospitals, schools
and universities.
involved in both ‘hard’ regeneration (capital investment,
physical buildings, infrastructure) and ‘soft’ regeneration
(planning, skills and education).
l The Department for Communities and Local
Government (DCLG) aims to create ‘great places
to live and work’ and empower local people to
shape their own places. It includes the Planning
Inspectorate and Homes and Communities
Agency, which oversees Environmental Impact
Assessments (EIAs) and Local Enterprise
Partnerships (LEPs).
l The Department for Culture, Media and Sport
(DCMS) markets the UK’s image abroad, and
protects and promotes cultural and artistic heritage
and innovation. It includes Sport England and the
National Lottery.
l The Department for Environment, Food and Rural
Affairs (Defra) overseas the Environment Agency,
Natural England and the National Park Authorities.
It advocates environmental stability as part of
sustained economic growth.
Synoptic themes from the specification are highlighted,
enabling students to make links between different
geographical themes, ideas and concepts
Skills focus provides opportunities for students to learn
and practise the geographical and data skills emphasised
in the new specification
l Themed events, e.g. famers markets and specialist
food fairs, like Alresford Watercress Festival.
l Ecovillages and sustainable communities, e.g.
Poundbury, Dorchester.
Skills focus: Kielder research and
oral accounts
Investigate the positive and negative effects of the changes in
this area by visiting Kielder’s official website (www.visitkielder.
com). More anecdotal sources would include online oral
histories. See Skill 2 in the Skills focus section (page 412).
Further research
Visits this page of the UK government website giving
updates on regeneration schemes such as City Deals:
www.gov.uk/government/policies/city-deals-andgrowth-deals
Take a look at the DECC page on the UK government
website: www.gov.uk/government/organisations/
department-of-energy-climate-change
Visit this fracking page on the Friends of the Earth website;
enter your postcode to see if your neighbourhood is at risk
from fracking: www.foe.co.uk/campaigns/climate/issues/
uk_fracking_map_41274
Explore Visit Britain, the official government-funded
tourism promoter:
www.visitbritain.com
Read Clone Town Britain, an investigation published by the
New Economic Foundation: www.neweconomics.org/
publications/entry/clone-town-britain
Visit the official website for Kielder Water and Forest Park:
www.visitkielder.com
Visit this Kielder Oral History Report page:
www.environmentalhistories.net/?page_id=599
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