Antibacterial and antifungal activity of fruit bodies of Phellinus mushroom extract

minimum (19mm) against Streptococcus mutans at
50mg level whereas, the methanolic extract showed
the maximum activity (17mm) was recorded from
200mg of fruit body extract against Streptococcus
mutans followed by 16mm against Staphylococcus
aureus and minimum (5mm) by 50mg of extract
against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Table 1. Inhibition zone of methanol and aqueous
extracts of fungal fruit bodies against bacterial
pathogens.
Name of the
pathogen
Zone of the Inhibition (mm)
Methanol extract (mg)
Aqueous extract (mg)
50 100 200 50 100 200
Escherichia coli 09 ± 1.4 12 ± 2.4 15 ± 2.4 24 ±1.4 28 ± 2.8 30 ± 3.7
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
Salmonella
typhi
Staphylococcus
aureus
Streptococcus
mutans
05 ± 1.4 09 ± 1.4 14 ± 1.4 22 ± 2.8 23 ± 3.7 42 ± 2.4
- - - 21 ± 1.4 24 ± 3.7 34 ± 2.8
10 ± 2.4 12 ± 2.4 16 ± 2.8 24 ± 4.9 24 ± 3.7 29 ± 1.4
09 ± 2.4 11 ± 2.4 17 ± 2.8 19 ± 1.4 24 ± 3.7 30 ± 1.4
The zone of inhibition against fungal pathogens
ranged between 20 - 5mm in aqueous extract and 35 –
3mm in methanolic extract. The maximum activity
(20, 12mm) was recorded from 200mg of aqueous
extract against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus
flavus, respectively and minimum (5mm) by
Aspergillus flavus at 100 mg level whereas, the
methanolic extract showed the maximum activity
(35mm) was recorded from 200mg against
Aspergillus flavus and minimum (3mm) by 50 mg
against Penicillium sp. Aspergillus fumigatous was
not respond for both methanol and aqueous extracts.
Discussion
Many pharmaceutical substances with potent and
unique health-enhancing properties have been
isolated from medicinal mushrooms and distributed
worldwide (Cairney et al., 1999). Mushroom based
products either from the mycelia or fruiting bodies are
consumed in the form of capsules, tablets or extracts
(Nitha et al., 2006).
In present study, the selected macrofungus showed
antibacterial and antifungal activity in high level
which was screened against the selected bacterial
strains Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, and
Streptococcus mutans and the fungal species
(Penicillium sp., Aspergillus fumigatous, Aspergillus
niger, Aspergillus flavus and Mucor indicus).
Table 2. Inhibition zone of Methanol and Aqueous
extracts of fungal fruit bodies against fungal
pathogens.
Name of the
pathogen
Zone of the Inhibition (mm)
Methanol extract (mg)
Aqueous extract (mg)
50 100 200 50 100 200
Penicillium sp. 03 ± 1.4 09 ± 1.4 11 ± 3.7 - - -
Aspergillus - - - - - -
fumigatous
Aspergillus 07 ± 2.8 14 ± 4.2 15 ± 2.4 11 ± 2.4 14 ± 4.9 20 ± 2.8
niger
Aspergillus 17 ± 2.8 18 ± 3.7 35 ± 2.4 - 05 ± 1.4 12 ± 2.4
flavus
Mucor indicus 09 ± 3.7 10 ± 2.4 14 ± 3.7 - - -
The methanol extract of Phellinus merrillii and
Phellinus swieteniae showed marked activity against
almost all strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. The
diameter of zone of Inhibition (ZOI) of methanol
extract of P. merrillii and P. swieteniae were 10.8 -
21.0 mm and 10.5 - 15.5 mm respectively. The ethyl
acetate extracts of both Phellinus spp. showed
moderate activity against all strains of Acinetobacter.
The ZOI of ethyl acetate extract of P. merrillii and P.
swieteniae were 10.6 - 16.7 and 11.2 - 22.2 mm,
respectively. The MIC value of methanol extract of
both species was found to be much higher as
compared to ethyl acetate extract which suggests that
methanol extracts of Phellinus spp. May not be
effective for antibacterial activity against
Acinetobacter baumannii. (Belsare, 2010). In our
study the fruit body of Phellinus showed potential
antimicrobial activities against the selected strains
and the maximum activity (42mm) was recorded from
200mg of aqueous extract against Pseudomonas
aeruginosa and minimum (5mm) by the above
75 | Balakumar et al.