energy

atteries but are different in that they require
a continuous source of fuel and oxygen
or air to sustain the chemical reaction,
whereas in a battery, the chemicals
present react with each other to generate
electricity. Fuel cells can produce electricity
continuously for as long as these inputs
are supplied. There are many types, but all
comprise anode, cathode, and electrolyte
that allow positively charged hydrogen ions
(or protons) to move between the two sides
of the fuel cell.
As by-products, fuel cells produce water,
heat and only very small amounts of
nitrogen oxides and other emissions. So they
are very clean, and the efficiency is also
high, at around 40 – 60% (up to 85% efficient
if waste heat is captured for use).
The fuel cell market is growing, and Pike
Research (via Wikipedia) has estimated
that the stationary fuel cell market will
reach 50GW by 2020. A big advantage is
the technology’s use of hydrogen, which
will never run out, but other advantages
include cleanliness, high power output and
they need little maintenance. However,
the disadvantages are that to separate
the atoms of the hydrogen and oxygen
and generate hydrogen fuel, fossil fuels
are needed. This defeats the purpose of an
alternative energy source at least partially.
Also, while fuel cells are non-toxic, there is a
flammability (and even explosion) risk, and
they are also expensive to make.
The effect of the ‘Internet of Things’
There is one technology, which while again
is not sustainable in itself, is becoming so
fast growing and important that it must
be mentioned here. That is the Internet of
Things (IoT).
The IoT is the network of physical objects
or ‘things’ embedded with electronics,
software, sensors and connectivity to enable
it to achieve greater value and service by
exchanging data with the manufacturer,
operator and/or other connected devices.
The IoT will lead to automation in nearly
all fields, including of course, heating,
ventilation, smart meters - and all things
sustainable as well. ■
Fuel cells are very
clean, and the
efficiency is also high,
at around 40 – 60% (up
to 85% efficient if waste
heat is captured
for use).
Push & Twist
New fast action Cable Gland
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Specialised Wiring Accessories Ltd.
Abbey Mills, Charfield Road, Wotton Under Edge, Glos. GL12 8RL
t: 01453 844 333 f: 01453 842 224
e: sales@swaonline.co.uk w: www.swaonline.co.uk