TOXIC BUFFET

eries
and aquaculture sector study.” February 16, 2005 at 36.
38 Food & Water Watch analysis of data from USDA FAS GATS.
1974 to 2015.
ment
in Asian aquaculture.” . 2005 at 3.
41 . at 3.
42 . at Abstract and 5; Sapkota, Amir et al. “Aquaculture practices
and potential human health risks: Current knowledge and future
priorities.”
Budiati, Titik et al. “Prevalence, antibiotic resistance and plasmid
) and tilapia
() obtained from wet markets and ponds in
C. “Heavy use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture: a growing
problem for human and animal health and for the environment.”
43 Bondad-Reantaso et al. (2005) at 3.
44 Ye, Lei et al. “Antibiotic-resistant bacteria associated with retail
aquaculture products from Guangzhou, China.”
et al. “Occurrence and dissipation of the antibiotics Sulfa-
PLoS One. July 2, 2015 at 9.
45 Barboza (2007).
46 Sapkota et al. (2008) at 1219, citing World Health Organization
(WHO); Ye et al. (2013) at 298.
47 WHO. “Health guidelines for the use of wastewater in agriculture
-
household size in recent years.”
48 21 CFR § 530.41; FDA. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
(CFSAN). “Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls
Guidance.” Fourth Edition. April 2011 at 188.
49 GAO (2011) at 1, 5 and 7; FDA. “Enhanced Aquaculture and Sea-
50 FDA (2008). Food & Water Watch analysis of FDA Import Alerts.
As of August 12, 2016, there were four FDA Import Alerts dating
back to 2007 for illegal veterinary drugs and antiparasitics including
Import Alert No. 16-131. “Detention Without Physical Examination
of Aquacultured, Shrimp, Dace, and Eel From China-
Presence of New Animal Drugs and/or Unsafe Food Additives.”
June 24, 2016; Import Alert No. 16-129. “Detention Without
Physical Examination of Seafood Products Due to Nitrofurans.”
June 13, 2016; Import Alert No. 16-127. “Detention Without Physical
Examination of *** Crustaceans ***Due to Chloramphenicol.”
August 2, 2016; Import Alert No. 16-124. “Detention Without
Physical Examination of Aquaculture Seafood Products Due to
Unapproved Drugs.” August 10, 2016.
51 Sapkota et al. (2008) at 1216.
52 Cabello, Felipe C. et al. “Antimicrobial use in aquaculture re-examined;
its relevance to antimicrobial resistance and to animal
and human health.”
2013 at 1920.
tidrug-resistant
spp. isolated from shrimp imported
from Thailand.”
155. 2012 at 179.
54 Sapkota et al. (2008) at 1217.
55 Rico, Andreu. “Use of veterinary medicines, feed additives and
probiotics in four major internationally traded aquaculture species
farmed in Asia.”
CFR § 530.41; FDA (2011) at 188.
56 Nguyen Dang Giang et al. (2015) at 4.
57 Cabello, F. C. “Antibiotics and aquaculture in Chile: implications
for human and animal health.”
Iss. 8. 2004 at 1001; Barrionuevo, Alexei. “Chile Takes Steps to
Rehabilitate Its Lucrative Salmon Industry.”.
February 4, 2009.
cal
method for screening antibiotic residues in shrimp tissue.”
59 Boinapally, Kavitha, and Xiuping Jiang. “Comparing antibiotic
resistance in commensal and pathogenic bacteria isolated from
wild-caught South Carolina shrimps vs. farm-raised imported
shrimps.”
60 Done, Hansa, and Rolf Halden. “Reconnaissance of 47 antibiotics
and associated microbial risks in seafood sold in the United
States.”
Boinapally and Jiang (2007) at 920.
61 Budiati et al. (2013) at 131.
62 Cabello, Felipe et al. “Antimicrobial use in aquaculture re-examined:
its relevance to antimicrobial resistance and to animal and
human health.”
1918-1919.
63 GAO (2011) at 15.
-
April 26, 2015.
65 FDA. “Detention Without Physical Examination of Aquacultured
New Animal Drugs and/or Unsafe Food Additives.” Import Alert
16-131. October 7, 2015.
66 Love et al. (2011) at F, G.
67 at B.
68 Consumer Reports (2015) at 26 to 26, 28 and Figure 6 at 36.
69 Nawaz et al. (2012) at 180 to 181.
70 Davis, John. Texas Tech University. “Texas Tech researchers discover
antibiotic residues, some more than FDA limits, in samples
from ‘World News with Diane Sawyer.’”
2012; Avila, Jim. “Antibiotics illegal in the US found in samples of
foreign shrimp.”
71 Food & Water Watch analysis of FDA Import Alerts.
72 Done and Halden (2015) at 15.
73 CDC. “Antibiotic Resistance in the United States, 2013.” 2013 at 6.
74 . at 11.
75 Food & Water Watch Analysis of CDC data.
76 Done and Halden (2015) at 15.
77 Boinapally and Jiang (2007) at 923.
78 Nawaz et al. (2012) at 179.
79 Done and Halden (2015) at 14 to 15.
80 USDA Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS). “Be Smart. Keep
Foods Apart. Don’t Cross-Contaminate.” Fact Sheet. July 2, 2013;
24, 2015.
81 Cabello, F. et al. “Antimicrobial use in aquaculture re-examined
– its relevance to antimicrobial resistance and to animal and
human health.”
at 1920; Love et al. (2011) at A.
Toxic Buffet: How the TPP Trades Away Seafood Safety