Reverse engineering old chips Ken Shirriff

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741 op amp On the die you can see the transistors. There’s a big resistor snaking around the top. The huge thing in the middle is a capacitor. Previous op amps required an external capacitor, but the 741 designer said engineers are lazy, so he put a capacitor inside the chip. The 741’s popularity proves he’s right, engineers are lazy.
Here are the main components. The differential amplifier finds the difference of the inputs. The gain stage amplifies this. The output stage has big capacitors to drive the output. Another feature that made the 741 popular is shortcircuit protection. If you short the output, these transistors shut down the chip before it burns up.
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Reverse engineering old chips Ken S
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Intel shift-register memory (1970)
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Page 31: 741 op amp
Page 34 and 35: More info: righto.com/741
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Page 38 and 39: A family of regulators from one chi
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Page 42 and 43: Motorola 6820 PIA chip
Page 44 and 45: Easy way: download die photos zepto
Page 46 and 47: Current project: 8008 analysis
Page 48 and 49: Reverse engineering old chips Ken S
Page 50 and 51: Z80 (1976) Brq Wait Bak Wr Rd Irq M
Page 52 and 53: Instruction decoding PLA Instructio
Page 54 and 55: MOS transistors Drain Gate Source T
Page 56 and 57: NAND gate +5 +5 1 Inputs 1 Out 0 0
Page 58 and 59: NAND gate +5 Inputs Output Transist
Page 60 and 61: Gates get weird in the ALU +5 Out 4
Page 62 and 63: Sinclair Scientific Calculator (197
Page 64 and 65: Can see bits in the 320-word instru
Page 66 and 67: Intel shift-register memory (1970)
Page 68 and 69: More info: righto.com/shift Here’
Page 70 and 71: Collector Collector Base Base Emitt
Page 72 and 73: What bipolar transistors really loo
Page 74 and 75: PNP transistor PNP transistors are
Page 76 and 77: Interactive chip viewer More info:
Page 80 and 81: Current mirror “Clone” a curren
Page 82 and 83: Unusual current mirror transistors
Page 84 and 85: Vin Gnd Vsense Vout Here’s my die
Page 86 and 87: Die photos: Metallurgical microscop
Page 88 and 89: Hugin takes some practice Tip: have
Page 90 and 91: How to get to the die? Photo: zepto
Page 92 and 93: Acid-free way: chips without epoxy
Page 94: Blog: righto.com ken.shirriff@gmail
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Reverse engineering old chips Ken Shirriff

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