MPRA

social inequalities 39 . Remittances were heavily influenced by the economic crisis,
(see Roman and Goschin 2012) who characterized the remitting behavior of
Romanian emigrants in crisis context. Weaving between the positive and
negative effects, Suditu (2013) analyzed the effects of remittances and migration
by highlighting the positive ones: surplus of cash resources, thus access to
quality services, including private ones. It helped developing working
relationships, attitude towards work, work habits, productivity, responsibility and
innovative spirit. It also included the development of interpersonal relationships in
the workplace and in the local community to support training and carry out for
actions involving mutual benefit – charity. Besides those, he also underlined the
negative ones - the substantial decrease in the national supply of labor, both
quantitatively and qualitatively; limiting opportunities for reducing income
differences from other countries and thus encouraging labor migration. Not
having a focus on labor deficits in the country, we will however mention that a
study in 2010 unfolded that 36 percent of the companies in Romania in 2010
reported labour shortages, while he most affected sectors are textile and
clothing, constructions and hospitality (see also Andren and Roman 2014, Coste
2005, Sandu 2010, Suditu 2013). 40 More recently, social remittances are more
and more in focus of migration research. Although the topic was not much
discussed in the Romanian context, Nikolova et al. (2016) show that in the case
of Romanian and Bulgarian migrants worldwide, having family and friends abroad
is positively associated with pro-social behavior, a result that holds across
different pro-social behaviors: donating, volunteering, and helping strangers.
Similarly, Vlase (2013) shows that social remittances related to gender-equality
norms are “brought back” by returnees from Italy. Heretofore we first discuss
regional and demographic effects of migration and conclude with return migration
and effects on entrepreneurship.
39 See for instance research reports of the Migrom project, migrom.humanities.manchester.ac.uk,
as well as Duminică and Ivasiuc (2013).
40
See also http://ftp.iza.org/dp8690.pdf as well as http://www.acgrenoble.fr/comenius/berges/Documents/Romania/The%20economical%20impact%20of%20migr
ation%20in%20Romania%20CZ.pdf.
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