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18 FATHERS, PASTORS AND KINGS
30 P. Cochois, ‘Bérulle, Hiérarque Dionysien’, Revue d’Ascétique et de Mystique, 37 (1961),
314–53; 38 (1962), 355–75; Dagens, Bérulle; Michel Dupuy, Bérulle et le sacerdoce. Etude historique
et doctrinale (Paris 1969); Yves Krumenacker, L’Ecole française de spiritualité (Paris
1998); Nicole Lemaître, ‘Le Prêtre mis à part ou le triomphe d’une idéologie sacerdotale au
xvie siècle’, Revue d’Histoire de l’Eglise de France, 85 (1999), 275–89; Walsh, ‘Priesthood’.
31 Étienne-Michel Faillon, Vie de M. Olier fondateur du séminaire de Saint-Sulpice, 3 vols (Paris, 4th
edition 1873); André Pioger, Un orateur de l’école française. Saint Jean Eudes (1601–80) (Paris
1940); José María Román, St Vincent de Paul. A Biography, trans. Joyce Howard (London
1999).
32 Bergin, Episcopate, pp. 513–17; Pierre Blet, ‘Vincent de Paul et l’épiscopat français’, Vincent
de Paul. Actes du Colloque International d’Etudes Vincentiennes (Rome 1983), pp. 81–114;
Broutin, Réforme, ii, pp. 252–7; Réné Taveneaux, Le Catholicisme dans la France classique,
1610–1715, 2 vols (Paris 1980), i, pp. 111–13.
33 Louis Châtellier, The Religion of the Poor. Rural Missions in Europe and the Formation of Modern
Catholicism, c.1500–c.1800 (Cambridge 1997), pp. 7–92; Philip Hoffman, Church and Community
in the Diocese of Lyon 1500–1789 (New Haven and London 1984), pp. 74–83, 98–118,
128–38; Sauzet, Contre-réforme, pp. 134–41, 354–9, 442–54.
34 This has not been a feature of previous studies of the lower clergy, the episcopate and the
papacy: Charles Chesneau, Le Père Yves de Paris et son temps (1590–1678), 2 vols (Paris 1946);
Marc Dubruel, ‘Hiérarchie gallicane et religieux exempts. Un épisode de leurs relations au
xvii e siècle. Caulet et les Jésuites’, Recherches de Science Religieuse (1919), 324–68; (1920),
55–91; Golden, Rebellion; Orcibal, Louis XIV.
35 Evennett, Spirit, pp. 89–125; Paolo Prodi, The Papal Prince. One Body and Two Souls. The Papal
Monarch in Early Modern Europe, trans. Susan Haskins (Cambridge 1987); Thierry Wanegffelen,
Une difficile fidélité. Catholiques malgré le concile en France xvie–xviie siècles (Paris 1999).
36 When the Contract of Poissy (1561) established the Assemblies on a permanent basis their
remit was to decide the clergy’s financial contribution to the crown and to submit complaints
to the monarch. Although their brief did not officially encompass issues of jurisdiction and
organisation, the Assembly’s deliberations had by the 1620s embraced all issues affecting the
well-being of the church.
37 Jean-Pierre Camus, Les Fonctions du hiérarque parfait, où se voir le tableau de l’évesque que accomply
(Paris 1642).
38 Étienne Molinier, La Vie de Mre. Barthélemy de Donadieu de Griet évesque de Comenge (Paris
1639); Jean-Baptiste Noulleau, Le Modele d’un grand évesque: d’un parfait prédicateur: d’un
directeur des âmes accomply: d’un vray politique chrétien. En la personne de feu Messire Estienne de Villazel,
très-digne évesque de S. Brieu (Paris 1665).
39 L.-W. Ravenez, Histoire du cardinal François de Sourdis (Bordeaux 1867), is strong on the facts
of Sourdis’s life but virtually silent upon his theological beliefs and spiritual motivations.
40 A substantial amount of, for example, Alain de Solminihac’s correspondence and private
notes has been published: Alain de Solminihac, Alain de Solminihac. Lettres et documents, ed.
Eugène Sol (Cahors 1930).
41 Such as the letters of Pierre de Bérulle, composed during the 1610s and 1620s, and those of
Antoine Godeau, bishop of Grasse, written from the late 1630s to his death in 1673: Pierre
de Bérulle, Correspondance du cardinal Pierre de Bérulle, ed. Jean Dagens, 3 vols (Paris and Louvain
1937–9); Antoine Godeau, Lettres de M. Godeau, évesque de Vence, sur divers sujets (Paris
1713).
42 Though here also, diocesan histories, such as Luria’s study of Le Camus’s episcopate in
Grenoble, are beginning to offer helpful insights.