International Trade & Business Law & Policy

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Contents THE LEGAL PRINCIPLES OF THE GATT 447 The most-favoured-nation principle 448 National treatment principle 449 The reciprocity principle 451 The legal framework of dispute settlement 452 Articles XXII and XXIII 452 The dispute settlement roles and procedures 1989 453 The panel system 454 The workings of a panel 455 Panel reports 455 The time lines involved with panels 455 PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT 456 Quantitative restriction: a protection for developing countries 459 The conditions to be observed by an applicant country 461 Protection for an infant industry 463 Part IV of the GATT 465 DUMPING 471 SUBSIDIES 471 THE WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION 473 Introduction 473 Significance of the WTO 474 The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) 475 CONCLUDING COMMENTS 480 TUTORIAL QUESTIONS 480 FURTHER READING 481 AGREEMENT ESTABLISHING THE WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION 484 THE GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE 490 UNDERSTANDING ON RULES AND PROCEDURES GOVERNING THE SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES 544 GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES 565 8 ANTI-DUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES, AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND 583 INTRODUCTION 583 DEFINITIONS 583 Anti-dumping 583 Countervailing 584 Prerequisites for imposition of anti-dumping or countervailing duties 584 xv
International Trade and Business: Law, Policy and Ethics A BACKGROUND TO THE CURRENT INTERNATIONAL ANTI-DUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING AGREEMENTS 585 A BRIEF HISTORY OF NATIONAL ANTI-DUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING LAWS 585 United States of America 585 Australia 586 New Zealand 586 LOCALISED TRADE AGREEMENTS 587 The North American Free Trade Association 587 Australia-New Zealand CER Trade Agreement 587 AUTHORITIES INVOLVED IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF ANTI-DUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING MEASURES 588 United States of America 588 Australia 589 New Zealand 590 Investigation procedures 590 THE GATT 1994 ANTI-DUMPING AGREEMENT 592 THE GATT 1994 AGREEMENT ON SUBSIDIES AND COUNTERVAILING MEASURES 594 NATIONAL LEGISLATION IMPLEMENTING THE GATT ANTI-DUMPING AGREEMENT 597 United States of America 597 Australia 598 New Zealand 603 SAFEGUARDS—AS OPPOSED TO DUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING ACTION 604 United States of America 605 Australia 605 New Zealand 605 THE COURTS AND DUMPING/COUNTERVAILING 605 United States of America 605 Australia 607 New Zealand 608 SUMMARY AND COMMENT 608 APPENDIX— A SUMMARY OF THE GATT 1994 AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE 609 TUTORIAL QUESTIONS 610 xvi
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Goods—exclusions The UN Conventio
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The UN Convention on Contracts for
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Passing of risk The UN Convention o
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Article 6 The UN Convention on Cont
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Article 70 The UN Convention on Con
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Article 9 The UN Convention on Cont
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International Trade and Business: L
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Article 1.10—Definitions Internat
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Article 5.7—Price determination I
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CHAPTER 3 INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL
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International Commercial Trade Term
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Ex-works (ExW) International Commer
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A.7 Notice to the buyer Internation
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A The seller must International Com
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B 6 Division of costs International
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B.6 Division of costs International
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Notes International Trade and Busin
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Article 3 International Trade and B
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Background International Trade and
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Functions of the Roads Corporation
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Introduction International Trade an
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Air waybill International Trade and
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Limitation on time for claim on car
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Article 9 International Trade and B
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Article 53—Claims International T
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Article 58—Limitation of action I
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Article 15 International Trade and
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Article 19 International Trade and
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PROTOCOL OF SIGNATURE International
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G Assignment of proceeds Internatio
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Article XVI—Subsidies Internation
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(n) a juridical person is: Internat
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ANTI-DUMPING AND COUNTERVAILING LAW
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Anti-dumping and Countervailing Law
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CHAPTER 10 TRADING BLOC: THE EUROPE
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Trading Bloc: the European Union CI
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Trading Bloc: the European Union pa
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Trading Bloc: the European Union Co
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Trading Bloc: the European Union in
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The proposition of the rule of reas
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Trading Bloc: the European Union an
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Trading Bloc: the European Union to
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CHAPTER 11 INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL
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Arbitration International Commercia
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International Commercial Arbitratio
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Article XI International Commercial
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CHAPTER 12 EXTRATERRITORIAL CONTROL
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Extraterritorial Control of Busines
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Dumping margin Extraterritorial Con
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Abuse of dominant position, 777-81
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obligations in, 33-41 buyer’s, 28
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(UNCITRAL), 1, 79 model law on arbi
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