q 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC - Developers

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Bruce R. Line Department of Radiology, and Greenebaum Cancer Center University of Maryland Baltimore, Maryland Jubo Liu Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada Zheng-Rong Lu Departments of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah S. Mahor Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Dr. H. S. Gour University Sagar, India Walter J. McConathy Department of Internal Medicine University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth, Texas Scott E. McNeil Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory NCI Frederick Frederick, Maryland T. J. Miller Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring, Maryland Amitava Mitra Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Nanomedicine and Cellular Delivery University of Maryland Baltimore, Maryland S. M. Moghimi Molecular Targeting and Polymer Toxicology Group School of Pharmacy University of Brighton Brighton, United Kingdom q 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Randall J. Mrsny Center for Drug Delivery/Biology Welsh School of Pharmacy Cardiff University Cardiff, United Kingdom R. S. R. Murthy Pharmacy Department The M.S. University of Baroda Vadodara, India Natarajan Muthusamy NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio Anjan Nan Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Nanomedicine and Cellular Delivery University of Maryland Baltimore, Maryland Maya Nair Departments of Molecular Biology and Immunology University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth, Texas Norased Nasongkla Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Texas David Needham Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University Durham, North Carolina Tooru Ooya Department of Materials Science Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Tatsunokuchi, Ishikawa, Japan
Jong-Sang Park Department of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Seoul National University Seoul, South Korea Kinam Park Departments of Pharmaceutics and Biomedical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana Tae Gwan Park Department of Biological Sciences Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon, South Korea Anil K. Patri Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory NCI Frederick Frederick, Maryland Ana Ponce Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University Durham, North Carolina Natalya Rapoport Department of Bioengineering University of Utah Salt Lake City, Utah Mike Andrew Rauth Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada L. Harivardan Reddy Pharmacy Department The M.S. University of Baroda Vadodara, India Fredika M. Robertson College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio q 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC N. Sadrieh Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring, Maryland Sanjeeb K. Sahoo Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska and Institute of Life Sciences Bhubaneswar, India Elamprakash N. Savariar Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts at Amherst Amherst, Massachusetts Dinesh B. Shenoy Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts and Novavax, Inc. Malvern, Pennsylvania Patrick Lim Soo Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada Stephan T. Stern Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory NCI Frederick Frederick, Maryland S. (Thai) Thayumanavan Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts at Amherst Amherst, Massachusetts Sandip B. Tiwari Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts Werner Tjarks College of Pharmacy The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio
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Page 7 and 8: Foreword We are at the threshold of
Page 9 and 10: Preface With parallel breakthroughs
Page 11: Editor Dr. Mansoor M. Amiji receive
Page 14 and 15: Robert B. Campbell Department of Ph
Page 18 and 19: Vladimir P. Torchilin Department of
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 10 Poly(L-Glutamic Acid): E
Page 22 and 23: Chapter 32 RGD-Modified Liposomes f
Page 24 and 25: 4 Nanotechnology for Cancer Therapy
Page 26 and 27: 6 Nanotechnology for Cancer Therapy
Page 28 and 29: 8 infrastructure to characterize na
Page 30 and 31: 10 Nanotechnology for Cancer Therap
Page 32 and 33: 12 correlated to its diameter. Ther
Page 34 and 35: 14 multidrug-resistance-related pro
Page 36 and 37: 16 optical absorption properties ca
Page 40 and 41: 20 Targeting Imaging appear to have
Page 42 and 43: 22 3.2.1 COMPOSITION AND BIOCOMPATI
Page 44 and 45: 24 contrast media for detection by
Page 46 and 47: 26 Oppositely, one could envisage h
Page 48 and 49: 28 Many of the differences between
Page 50 and 51: 30 Folate has been used to target d
Page 52 and 53: 32 antigens/agents to stimulate an
Page 54 and 55: 34 identify optimal methods for aer
Page 64 and 65: 44 4.1 INTRODUCTION The recent deve
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46 (Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly) was developed.
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48 charged generation 5 PAMAM dendr
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50 Using a mannosylated cholesterol
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52 without any changes in the funct
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54 4.4.2.4 Folate Receptor-Mediated
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56 Nanotechnology for Cancer Therap
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60 Targeting species Therapeutic 5.
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62 QD+NLS 70kD Dextran Merge QD+MLS
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64 (a) (b) Peptide Peptide Peptide
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66 (e.g., glycans, lipids, oligonuc
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68 layer-by-layer absorption of pol
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70 5.3 CHALLENGES IN INTEGRATING MU
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6 CONTENTS Neutron Capture Therapy
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Neutron Capture Therapy of Cancer 7
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106 7.5.1 Applicability of Standard
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108 consensus as to what measuremen
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110 a nanomaterial. AFM uses a nano
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112 In addition to size, the shape
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114 presence of all these entities
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116 concentration-dependent changes
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118 limits cellular uptake, resulti
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120 Nanotechnology for Cancer Thera
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124 been shown to cause liver injur
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128 7.5.2 IMMUNOGENICITY This issue
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8 CONTENTS Nanotechnology: Regulato
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TABLE 8.1 Nanomedicines: Drugs/Devi
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Regulatory Perspective in Nanotechn
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9 CONTENTS Polymeric Conjugates for
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Polymeric Conjugates for Angiogenes
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10 CONTENTS Poly(L-Glutamic Acid):
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Poly(L-Glutamic Acid): Efficient Ca
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202 development. For example, styre
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204 blood circulation time and pref
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206 11.3.2 MR IMAGING OF A PARAMAGN
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208 FIGURE 11.6 Coronal MR slice im
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210 strong enhancement in the heart
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216 Research in the past decade has
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218 While the majority of work on t
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220 12.4.2.1 Integrins as Targets f
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222 cytotoxicity. Consequently, enc
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224 are lectin-carbohydrate, ligand
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226 H1299 cells was significantly i
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13 CONTENTS Long-Circulating Polyme
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Long-Circulating Polymeric Nanopart
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14 CONTENTS Biodegradable PLGA/PLA
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Biodegradable PLGA/PLA Nanoparticle
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15 CONTENTS Poly(Alkyl Cyanoacrylat
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Poly(Alkyl Cyanoacrylate) Nanoparti
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16 CONTENTS Aptamers and Cancer Nan
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Aptamers and Cancer Nanotechnology
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318 17.5.3.2 Paclitaxel Formulation
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320 TABLE 17.1 Examples of Polymers
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322 are block copolymer vesicles th
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324 17.2.4 PROPERTIES OF MICELLE FO
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328 The amphiphilic or polar nature
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330 of paclitaxel-loaded micelles.
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332 of intracellular drug accumulat
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334 organelles, the non-ionic Pluro
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338 foreign bodies present within t
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340 PEG-b-PDLLA copolymers. Therefo
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342 For in vivo delivery, the LCST
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344 In cases where nuclear targetin
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18 PEO-Modified Poly(L-Amino Acid)
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PEO-Modified Poly(L-Amino Acid) Mic
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388 Hydrophilic block Single polyme
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390 concentrations, and organic sol
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392 micelles used for solubilizatio
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394 N O NH2 Nicotinamide Sodium nic
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396 hydrotropic moieties. The main
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TABLE 19.4 Modified Hydrotropic Mon
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402 The loading content of paclitax
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404 concentrations that are clinica
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410 bioavailability, certain clinic
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412 It has been shown that the EPR
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O 2 N O C O O 2 N O C O O O C NO 2
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416 and eventually drug could be cl
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422 the process of chemotherapy. De
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426 were measured. Cell incubation
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428 drug-loaded nanoparticles. It w
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430 DOX Concentration in plasma, μ
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432 Counts 10 0 150 120 90 60 30 0
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434 Tumor volume, mm 3 2500 2000 15
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436 dramatically increased intracel
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438 21.6 CONCLUSIONS In animal mode
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22 CONTENTS Polymeric Micelles Targ
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Polymeric Micelles Targeting Tumor
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23 CONTENTS cRGD-Encoded, MRI-Visib
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MRI-Visible Polymeric Micelles 467
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478 A series of recent developments
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480 O HN O O O O N O H H O H H OH O
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482 Tumor volume (mm 3 ) 2000 1500
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484 24.4 CONCLUSIONS Polymeric gene
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490 25.2 DRUG DELIVERY 25.2.1 INTRO
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494 intracellular DOX concentration
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496 H 2 N H 2 N N H O H N 2 N H NH
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498 incorporated in the PIC micelle
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502 control polymer, Exgen 500. Thi
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504 photocytotoxicity in HeLa cells
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510 H 2N H 2N H N O H N Intermediat
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512 O 2N O HN O O O O OR O HN O O O
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514 making them useful in biologica
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516 x x x x x x x x O O O O O O x O
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518 tumors with little concentratio
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27 CONTENTS PEGylated Dendritic Nan
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PEGylated Dendritic Nanoparticulate
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552 28.2.2.1 Long-Term Toxicity Stu
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558 considerably simplified using h
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562 FIGURE 28.8 PAGE electropherogr
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564 28.1.5.4 Synthesis of Tritium L
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566 10 nm Nanotechnology for Cancer
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568 Rel % 60 50 40 30 20 10 LBCB-6-
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570 25 nm (a) (b) 20.51 nm 27.82 nm
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572 architecture (fenestrated struc
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574 nanoparticle aggregates that sh
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576 harvested, weighed, and process
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578 Biodistribution of 5 nm Positiv
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580 surface Au-composite nanodevice
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582 28.2.2.2 Long-Term Toxicity of
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584 Targeted RadioTherapy (StaRT) i
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586 REFERENCES Nanotechnology for C
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596 range (!200 nm size) and can be
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30 CONTENTS Positively-Charged Lipo
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Positively-Charged Liposomes for Ta
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630 development because of poor pha
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636 FIGURE 31.1 The enhancement of
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32 CONTENTS RGD-Modified Liposomes
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RGD-Modified Liposomes for Tumor Ta
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664 of tissue specificity, and they
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666 OH N H N 2N N N Folic acid NH
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670 FIGURE 33.3 FR-mediated endocyt
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672 FR-b expression seems to be a p
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34 CONTENTS Nanoscale Drug Delivery
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Nanoscale Drug Delivery Vehicles fo
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724 The term macroemulsion is somet
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726 W Oil Water-in oil (W/O emulsio
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728 light scattering), counting (e.
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730 rhizoxin. 31,35 When lecithin w
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732 TABLE 35.3 Area Under the Perce
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734 cholesterol oleate as lipids, e
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736 REFERENCES Nanotechnology for C
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36 CONTENTS Solid Lipid Nanoparticl
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Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Anti-
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37 CONTENTS Lipoprotein Nanoparticl
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Lipoprotein Nanoparticles as Delive
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788 i.e., the molecular targets of
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790 by apoptosis-triggering drugs.
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794 Paclitaxel / DQA (molar) 0.9 0.
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796 Considering that paclitaxel, ge
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Section 2 Polymer Conjugates q 2006
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Section 4 Polymeric Micelles q 2006
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Section 6 Liposomes q 2006 by Taylo
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