Preface - Adobe

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CHAPTER 1 10 Introduction However, Adobe desires to promote the use of the PostScript language for information interchange among diverse products and applications. Accordingly, Adobe gives permission to anyone to: • Write programs in the PostScript language. • Write drivers to generate output consisting of PostScript language commands. • Write software to interpret programs written in the PostScript language. • Copy Adobe’s copyrighted list of commands to the extent necessary to use the PostScript language for the above purposes. The only condition of such permission is that anyone who uses the copyrighted list of commands in this way must include an appropriate copyright notice. This limited right to use the copyrighted list of commands does not include a right to copy this book, other copyrighted publications from Adobe, or the software in Adobe’s PostScript interpreter, in whole or in part. The trademark PostScript ® (or a derivative trademark, such as PostScript ® 3) may not be used to identify any product not originating from or licensed by Adobe. However, it is acceptable for a non-Adobe product to be described as being PostScript-compatible and supporting a specific LanguageLevel, assuming that the claim is true.
11 CHAPTER 2 2Basic Ideas OBTAINING A COMPLETE UNDERSTANDING of the PostScript language requires considering it from several points of view: • As a general-purpose programming language with powerful built-in graphics primitives • As a page description language that includes programming features • As an interactive system for controlling raster output devices (printers and displays) • As an application- and device-independent interchange format for page descriptions This chapter presents some basic ideas that are essential to understanding the problems the PostScript language is designed to solve and the environments in which it is designed to operate. Terminology introduced here appears throughout the manual. 2.1 Raster Output Devices Much of the power of the PostScript language derives from its ability to deal with the general class of raster output devices. This class encompasses such technology as laser, dot-matrix, and ink-jet printers, digital imagesetters, and raster scan displays. The defining property of a raster output device is that a printed or displayed image consists of a rectangular array of dots, called pixels (picture elements), that can be addressed individually. On a typical black-and-white output device, each pixel can be made either black or white. On certain devices, each pixel can be set
Page 1 and 2: PostScript ® LANGUAGE REFERENCE th
Page 3 and 4: Preface xiii iii Contents Chapter 1
Page 5: Appendix B: Implementation Limits 7
Page 8 and 9: Contents 5.1 Results of Example 5.2
Page 10 and 11: Contents x 4.6 Entries in a CIEBase
Page 13: xiii Preface IN THE 1980S, ADOBE DE
Page 16 and 17: CHAPTER 1 2 Introduction • A gene
Page 18 and 19: CHAPTER 1 4 Introduction • Chapte
Page 20 and 21: CHAPTER 1 1.3 LanguageLevel 3 Overv
Page 22 and 23: CHAPTER 1 8 Introduction are design
Page 26 and 27: CHAPTER 2 12 Basic Ideas to an inte
Page 28 and 29: CHAPTER 2 2.3.1 Imaging Model 14 Ba
Page 30 and 31: CHAPTER 2 16 Basic Ideas applicatio
Page 32 and 33: CHAPTER 2 18 Basic Ideas The script
Page 34 and 35: CHAPTER 2 20 Basic Ideas interprete
Page 37 and 38: 23 CHAPTER 3 3Language SYNTAX, DATA
Page 39 and 40: 3.2 25 Syntax The interpreter can s
Page 41 and 42: 3.2 27 TABLE 3.1 White-space charac
Page 43 and 44: 3.2 Strings There are three convent
Page 45 and 46: 3.2 31 Syntax If the final digit of
Page 47 and 48: 3.2 33 Syntax produces a single pro
Page 49 and 50: 3.3 35 Data Types and Objects modif
Page 51 and 52: 3.3 Access 37 Data Types and Object
Page 53 and 54: 3.3 39 Data Types and Objects The P
Page 55 and 56: 3.3 41 Data Types and Objects Names
Page 57 and 58: 3.3 43 Data Types and Objects Opera
Page 59 and 60: 3.4 3.3.15 Other Object Types 45 St
Page 61 and 62: 3.5 47 Execution The interpreter fi
Page 63 and 64: 3.5 49 Execution (pushed on the ope
Page 65 and 66: 3.6 51 Overview of Basic Operators
Page 67 and 68: 3.6 53 Overview of Basic Operators
Page 69 and 70: 3.6 The following operators apply o
Page 71 and 72: 3.7 57 Memory Management the curren
Page 73 and 74: 3.7 59 Memory Management jects, res
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3.7 61 Memory Management ldict /a l
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3.7 3.7.4 Garbage Collection 63 Mem
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3.7 3.7.5 Standard and User-Defined
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3.7 67 Memory Management lates chan
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3.7 69 Memory Management A job begi
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3.7 71 Memory Management saved VM s
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3.8 73 File Input and Output quence
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3.8 75 File Input and Output End-of
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3.8 3.8.2 Named Files 77 File Input
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3.8 Creating and Closing a File Obj
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3.8 For example, the statements (%s
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3.8 83 File Input and Output Encodi
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3.8 85 File Input and Output these
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3.9 87 Named Resources them. The se
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3.9 89 Named Resources The findreso
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3.9 91 TABLE 3.7 Regular resources
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3.9 Font 93 Named Resources Instanc
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3.9 • ISOLatin1Encoding, whose va
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3.9 IdiomSet 97 Named Resources Ins
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3.9 99 Named Resources keys; if an
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3.9 KEY TYPE VALUE 101 TABLE 3.11 E
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3.9 103 Named Resources serts an In
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3.9 105 Named Resources For most re
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3.10 107 Functions Each function de
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3.10 109 Functions In addition to t
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3.10 111 Functions error will occur
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3.10 113 TABLE 3.14 Additional entr
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3.11 115 Errors Errors are handled
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3.12 117 Early Name Binding records
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3.12 119 Early Name Binding but can
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3.12 121 Early Name Binding The tem
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3.13 123 Filtered Files Details beh
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3.13 125 Filtered Files Details pro
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3.13 127 Filtered Files Details dec
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3.13 129 Filtered Files Details cre
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3.13 131 Filtered Files Details The
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3.13 LZWEncode Filter target /LZWEn
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3.13 135 Filtered Files Details Whe
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3.13 137 Filtered Files Details ord
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3.13 139 Filtered Files Details com
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3.13 141 Filtered Files Details TAB
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3.13 143 Filtered Files Details Unp
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3.13 145 Filtered Files Details ima
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3.13 147 Filtered Files Details Not
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3.13 149 Filtered Files Details Eac
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3.13 151 Filtered Files Details to
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3.13 ReusableStreamDecode Filter 15
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3.13 155 Filtered Files Details TAB
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3.14 157 Binary Encoding Details Us
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3.14 159 Binary Encoding Details 13
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3.14 Homogeneous Number Arrays 161
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3.14 3.14.2 Binary Object Sequences
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3.14 165 Binary Encoding Details 4.
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3.14 167 Binary Encoding Details Fo
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3.14 169 Binary Encoding Details In
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3.14 3.14.5 Encoded Number Strings
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3.14 173 Binary Encoding Details Th
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175 CHAPTER 4 4Graphics THE POSTSCR
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4.1 177 Imaging Model invoking the
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4.2 179 Graphics State • The curr
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4.2 181 Graphics State flatness num
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4.3 183 Coordinate Systems and Tran
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4.4 189 Path Construction transform
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4.4 191 Path Construction A program
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4.5 193 The following operators man
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4.5 195 Painting sionally useful fo
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4.6 197 User Paths stroke) would ca
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4.6 199 User Paths Note: The operat
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4.6 201 TABLE 4.3 Operation codes f
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4.6 Example 4.5 /Circle1 { ucache -
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4.6 205 User Paths ation (stroke, f
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4.7 207 Forms These rules permit th
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4.7 209 Forms Whenever execform nee
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4.8 211 Color Spaces In LanguageLev
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X, Y, Z R, G, B C, M, Y, K gray tin
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4.8 215 Color Spaces • setcolor s
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4.8 DeviceRGB Color Space 217 Color
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4.8 219 Color Spaces 1.0, where 0.0
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4.8 221 Color Spaces where name is
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4.8 KEY TYPE VALUE 223 TABLE 4.5 En
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4.8 225 Color Spaces put device. In
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4.8 227 Color Spaces Example 4.11 e
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4.8 KEY TYPE VALUE A 229 DecodeA De
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4.8 Example 4.12 231 [ /CIEBasedA >
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4.8 233 Color Spaces The parameters
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4.8 235 Color Spaces TABLE 4.8 Addi
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4.8 /Table [15 30 25 20 [ [ ] < …
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4.8 239 Color Spaces peated indefin
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4.8 241 Color Spaces component valu
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4.8 243 Color Spaces Note: To use a
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4.8 245 Color Spaces space; the tin
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4.8 Example 4.18 [ /Indexed [ /Devi
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4.9 249 Patterns Note: The ability
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4.9 251 Patterns makepattern may co
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4.9 253 Patterns components of the
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4.9 255 Patterns Example 4.21 defin
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4.9 257 Patterns background shows t
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4.9 259 FIGURE 4.11 Output from Exa
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4.9 261 Patterns Note: Patterns def
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4.9 263 Patterns Some types of shad
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4.9 Shading Types 265 Patterns In a
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4.9 267 Patterns of the shading dic
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4.9 269 Patterns which varies linea
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4.9 271 Patterns Function dictionar
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4.9 273 Patterns Complex shapes can
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4.9 (i, j) (i, j+1) (i+1, j) (i+1,
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4.9 Type 6 Shadings (Coons Patch Me
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4.9 279 Patterns patch boundary if,
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4.9 281 Patterns As in free-form tr
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4.9 283 f = 1 x 5 y 5 x 6 y 6 x 7 y
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4.9 285 Patterns where p ij is the
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4.9 287 TABLE 4.19 Data values in a
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4.10 289 Images • A few LanguageL
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4.10 291 Images Each row of the sou
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4.10 Single-component image Data so
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4.10 295 Images Although it is poss
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4.10 297 Images sample and the inte
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4.10 299 Images The following secti
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4.10 301 Images range 0.0 to 1.0. I
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4.10 303 Images • The five-operan
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4.10 KEY TYPE VALUE 305 Images nent
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4.10 307 Images entry in the image
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4.10 Monochrome Image 309 Images Ex
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4.10 Image Dictionary 311 Images Ex
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CHAPTER 5 314 Fonts computer typogr
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CHAPTER 5 316 Fonts current positio
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CHAPTER 5 318 Fonts makefont), and
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CHAPTER 5 Example 5.5 /Helvetica fi
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CHAPTER 5 TYPE DESCRIPTION 322 TABL
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CHAPTER 5 324 Fonts categories, not
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CHAPTER 5 326 Fonts UniqueID intege
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CHAPTER 5 328 Fonts • Some applic
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CHAPTER 5 330 Fonts Changing an exi
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CHAPTER 5 332 Fonts bounding box is
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CHAPTER 5 334 Fonts conventions to
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CHAPTER 5 336 Fonts available from
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CHAPTER 5 338 Fonts no direct conne
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CHAPTER 5 340 Fonts • setcachedev
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CHAPTER 5 342 /CharProcs 3 dict def
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CHAPTER 5 FontSet Resources 344 Fon
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CHAPTER 5 346 Fonts instances. The
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CHAPTER 5 348 Fonts a Type 1 font w
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CHAPTER 5 350 Fonts Note: If you cr
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CHAPTER 5 352 Fonts The execution e
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CHAPTER 5 354 Fonts The method for
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CHAPTER 5 356 Fonts If GlyphDirecto
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CHAPTER 5 358 Fonts one reference t
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CHAPTER 5 ALGORITHM FMAPTYPE EXPLAN
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CHAPTER 5 • 9/7 mapping: 362 Fon
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CHAPTER 5 364 Fonts • If the desc
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CHAPTER 5 366 Fonts A CMap (charact
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CHAPTER 5 KEY TYPE VALUE 368 TABLE
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CHAPTER 5 370 TABLE 5.11 CIDFontTyp
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CHAPTER 5 372 Fonts tures that cont
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CHAPTER 5 Metrics2 dictionary (Opti
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CHAPTER 5 376 Fonts Glyphs,” expl
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CHAPTER 5 378 Fonts In addition to
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CHAPTER 5 380 Fonts The results pro
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CHAPTER 5 382 Fonts moved may conti
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CHAPTER 5 384 Fonts UIDOffset integ
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CHAPTER 5 386 /CIDSystemInfo [ 3 di
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CHAPTER 5 388 Fonts A PostScript pr
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CHAPTER 5 390 Fonts If a code maps
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CHAPTER 6 Configuring a page device
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CHAPTER 6 394 Device Control Even i
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CHAPTER 6 396 Device Control are pe
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CHAPTER 6 6.2 Page Device Parameter
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CHAPTER 6 Media selection is perfor
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CHAPTER 6 402 Device Control MediaT
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CHAPTER 6 404 Device Control but th
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CHAPTER 6 406 Device Control setpag
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CHAPTER 6 408 The precise effects o
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CHAPTER 6 410 Device Control the va
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CHAPTER 6 6.2.2 Roll-Fed Media 412
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Page 430 and 431:
CHAPTER 6 416 Device Control Duplex
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CHAPTER 6 418 Device Control If the
Page 434 and 435:
CHAPTER 6 420 Device Control • Wh
Page 436 and 437:
CHAPTER 6 422 Device Control in Sep
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CHAPTER 6 424 Device Control Note:
Page 440 and 441:
CHAPTER 6 426 Device Control Separa
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CHAPTER 6 428 Device Control tion s
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CHAPTER 6 430 Device Control state
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CHAPTER 6 %%Page: 1 1 save … Post
Page 448 and 449:
CHAPTER 6 434 Device Control • Re
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CHAPTER 6 436 Device Control tial t
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CHAPTER 6 438 Device Control pect r
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CHAPTER 6 440 Device Control Figure
Page 456 and 457:
CHAPTER 6 442 Device Control Every
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Page 460 and 461:
CHAPTER 6 446 Device Control Note:
Page 462 and 463:
CHAPTER 6 448 Device Control TrapWi
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CHAPTER 6 450 Device Control In the
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CHAPTER 6 452 Device Control A colo
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CHAPTER 6 454 Device Control • Al
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CHAPTER 6 456 Device Control HWReso
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CHAPTER 7 458 Rendering 4. If the d
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CHAPTER 7 460 Rendering preserve co
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CHAPTER 7 462 Rendering 2. Adjust t
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CHAPTER 7 464 Rendering EncodeABC b
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CHAPTER 7 where 466 Ws = [ X Ws YWs
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CHAPTER 7 468 Rendering The element
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CHAPTER 7 RENDERING INTENT DESCRIPT
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CHAPTER 7 472 Rendering If findcolo
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CHAPTER 7 474 Rendering Note: These
Page 490 and 491:
CHAPTER 7 476 Rendering Logically,
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CHAPTER 7 7.2.5 Conversion to Devic
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CHAPTER 7 480 Rendering Because the
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CHAPTER 7 482 Rendering • The set
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CHAPTER 7 484 Rendering the require
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CHAPTER 7 486 Rendering The specifi
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CHAPTER 7 488 Rendering ActualAngle
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CHAPTER 7 490 Rendering A halftone
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CHAPTER 7 492 Rendering closes the
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CHAPTER 7 494 FIGURE 7.4 Halftone c
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CHAPTER 7 Type 2 and 4 Halftone Dic
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CHAPTER 7 500 Rendering A type 9 ha
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CHAPTER 7 502 Rendering Still, it i
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CHAPTER 7 1 pixel Line width Path R
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CHAPTER 8 506 Operators Normally, t
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CHAPTER 8 8.1 Operator Summary Oper
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CHAPTER 8 Dictionary Operators 510
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CHAPTER 8 Control Operators 512 Ope
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CHAPTER 8 Resource Operators 514 Op
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CHAPTER 8 516 Operators - currentst
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CHAPTER 8 518 s x s y scale - Scale
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CHAPTER 8 520 Operators dict image
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CHAPTER 8 522 Operators name|cid gl
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CHAPTER 8 8.2 Operator Details [ -
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CHAPTER 8 = any = - 526 Operators p
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CHAPTER 8 528 Operators addglyph me
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CHAPTER 8 arc x y r angle 1 angle 2
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CHAPTER 8 532 Operators This exampl
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CHAPTER 8 534 arcto x 1 y 1 x 2 y 2
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CHAPTER 8 Normal spacing Wide spaci
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CHAPTER 8 538 Operators beginnotdef
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CHAPTER 8 cachestatus - cachestatus
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CHAPTER 8 clip - clip - 542 Operato
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CHAPTER 8 544 Errors: limitcheck Se
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CHAPTER 8 546 Operators the equival
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CHAPTER 8 548 copy any 1 … any n
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CHAPTER 8 550 Operators variable co
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CHAPTER 8 552 Operators glyph and d
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CHAPTER 8 currentcolorscreen - curr
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CHAPTER 8 currentfile - currentfile
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CHAPTER 8 558 currentgstate gstate
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CHAPTER 8 currentmiterlimit - curre
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CHAPTER 8 562 Operators • If the
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CHAPTER 8 564 Operators currenttrap
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CHAPTER 8 cvi num cvi int string cv
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CHAPTER 8 cvs any string cvs substr
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CHAPTER 8 570 Operators In Language
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CHAPTER 8 572 Operators If defineus
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CHAPTER 8 dictstackoverflow (error)
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CHAPTER 8 eexec file eexec - string
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CHAPTER 8 578 Operators endcidrange
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CHAPTER 8 eofill - eofill - 580 Ope
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CHAPTER 8 exec any exec - 582 Opera
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CHAPTER 8 execstackoverflow (error)
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CHAPTER 8 586 Operators operator qu
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CHAPTER 8 588 filenameforall templa
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CHAPTER 8 590 Operators filters do
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CHAPTER 8 findfont key findfont fon
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CHAPTER 8 594 Operators The flatten
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CHAPTER 8 596 for initial increment
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CHAPTER 8 gcheck any gcheck bool 59
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CHAPTER 8 600 Operators The returne
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CHAPTER 8 glyphshow name glyphshow
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CHAPTER 8 604 Operators The save op
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CHAPTER 8 606 idtransform dx′ dy
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CHAPTER 8 608 Operators In Language
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CHAPTER 8 610 Operators Errors: inv
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CHAPTER 8 initgraphics - initgraphi
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CHAPTER 8 internaldict int internal
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CHAPTER 8 616 inustroke x y userpat
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CHAPTER 8 618 invertmatrix matrix 1
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CHAPTER 8 620 Operators When proc i
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CHAPTER 8 lineto x y lineto - 622 O
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CHAPTER 8 624 makefont font matrix
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CHAPTER 8 626 Operators work simila
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CHAPTER 8 ne any 1 any 2 ne bool 62
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CHAPTER 8 null nulldevice - null nu
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CHAPTER 8 pathforall 632 Operators
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CHAPTER 8 printobject obj tag print
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CHAPTER 8 636 Examples /ar [5 17 3
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CHAPTER 8 rangecheck (error) 638 Op
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CHAPTER 8 640 Operators line feed c
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CHAPTER 8 642 Operators Assuming wi
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CHAPTER 8 644 Operators removeall c
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CHAPTER 8 646 resourceforall templa
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CHAPTER 8 648 Operators “Resource
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CHAPTER 8 rlineto dx dy rlineto - 6
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CHAPTER 8 652 Operators with the ma
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CHAPTER 8 scale s x s y scale - s x
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CHAPTER 8 656 Operators Errors: inv
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CHAPTER 8 658 Operators means that
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CHAPTER 8 660 Operators current poi
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CHAPTER 8 662 setcmykcolor cyan mag
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CHAPTER 8 setcolorscreen redfreq re
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CHAPTER 8 setcolortransfer redproc
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CHAPTER 8 668 Operators Permission
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CHAPTER 8 670 Operators The choice
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CHAPTER 8 672 Operators or is not s
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CHAPTER 8 674 Operators 1 Round joi
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CHAPTER 8 676 Operators decreases.
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CHAPTER 8 678 Operators When overpr
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CHAPTER 8 680 Operators If a device
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CHAPTER 8 682 Operators Frequency a
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CHAPTER 8 setsystemparams dict sets
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CHAPTER 8 686 Operators Note that t
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CHAPTER 8 688 Operators implementat
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CHAPTER 8 690 Operators Execution o
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CHAPTER 8 sin angle sin real 692 Op
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CHAPTER 8 694 Operators ed to provi
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CHAPTER 8 696 Operators operator. I
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CHAPTER 8 698 Operators This mechan
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CHAPTER 8 stroke - stroke - 700 Ope
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CHAPTER 8 systemdict - systemdict d
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CHAPTER 8 704 translate t x t y tra
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CHAPTER 8 typecheck (error) 706 Ope
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CHAPTER 8 ueofill userpath ueofill
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CHAPTER 8 710 Operators stance). Se
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CHAPTER 8 unregistered (error) 712
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CHAPTER 8 usertime - usertime int 7
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CHAPTER 8 version - version string
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CHAPTER 8 718 Operators main consta
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CHAPTER 8 write file int write - 72
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CHAPTER 8 xor bool 1 bool 2 xor boo
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725 APPENDIX A ALanguageLevel Featu
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A.1 TYPE OF RESOURCE NEW CATEGORIES
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A.1 729 LanguageLevel 3 Features
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A.2 A.1.7 Version 2011 Extensions 7
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A.2 733 setgstate ucache sethalfton
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A.3 A.2.5 Miscellaneous Language Ad
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APPENDIX B B.1 Typical Limits 738 I
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APPENDIX B 740 Implementation Limit
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APPENDIX B 742 Implementation Limit
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745 APPENDIX C CInterpreter Paramet
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C.1 747 Properties of User and Syst
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C.2 749 Defined User and System Par
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C.2 KEY TYPE VALUE 751 TABLE C.2 Sy
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C.3 753 Details of User and System
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761 APPENDIX D DCompatibility Strat
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D.2 D.2 When to Provide Compatibili
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D.3 765 Compatibility Techniques Th
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D.3 D.3.2 Partial Emulation 767 Com
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D.4 769 Installing Emulations coord
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D.4 771 Installing Emulations The e
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APPENDIX E 774 Character Sets and E
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APPENDIX E E.2 Helvetica Family 776
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APPENDIX E E.4 Symbol Sample Uses 7
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APPENDIX E 784 E.6 StandardEncoding
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APPENDIX E E.8 CE Encoding Vector o
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APPENDIX E E.10 Expert Encoding Vec
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APPENDIX E E.12 Symbol Character Se
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APPENDIX E E.13 Symbol Encoding Vec
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APPENDIX F 796 System Name Encoding
Page 812 and 813:
APPENDIX F 798 System Name Encoding
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801 APPENDIX G GOperator Usage Guid
Page 817 and 818:
803 initgraphics Careful No initmat
Page 819 and 820:
805 erasepage Disrupts nesting of i
Page 821 and 822:
807 setgstate must not impose a gra
Page 823 and 824:
setundercolorremoval See settransfe
Page 825 and 826:
811 Bibliography SOME DOCUMENTS LIS
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813 Bibliography • Color Separati
Page 829:
815 Bibliography Stokes, M., et al.
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A INDEX abs operator 52, 527 absolu
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INDEX array(s) (continued) executab
Page 836 and 837:
INDEX binary (continued) tokens 156
Page 838 and 839:
INDEX cache (continued) font (conti
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INDEX circle See arc circular queue
Page 842 and 843:
INDEX color (continued) specificati
Page 844 and 845:
INDEX construction (continued) of a
Page 846 and 847:
INDEX CTM (current transformation m
Page 848 and 849:
INDEX decoding (continued) binary d
Page 850 and 851:
INDEX definitions of terms (continu
Page 852 and 853:
INDEX definitions of terms (continu
Page 854 and 855:
INDEX dictionaries (continued) erro
Page 856 and 857:
E INDEX E as real number exponent i
Page 858 and 859:
INDEX EPS (encapsulated PostScript)
Page 860 and 861:
INDEX execution (continued) semanti
Page 862 and 863:
INDEX filters (continued) creating
Page 864 and 865:
INDEX font(s) (continued) Type 0 (c
Page 866 and 867:
INDEX generation (continued) machin
Page 868 and 869:
INDEX guidelines (continued) PaintP
Page 870 and 871:
INDEX image operator (continued) (e
Page 872 and 873:
INDEX insideness testing (continued
Page 874 and 875:
INDEX known operator 54, 619 deprec
Page 876 and 877:
INDEX luminance representation, CIE
Page 878 and 879:
INDEX memory See also garbage colle
Page 880 and 881:
INDEX .notdef character name (conti
Page 882 and 883:
INDEX operators (continued) boolean
Page 884 and 885:
INDEX page devices (continued) init
Page 886 and 887:
INDEX Pattern resource category 95
Page 888 and 889:
INDEX procedure(s) (continued) as o
Page 890 and 891:
INDEX record as irrelevant in PostS
Page 892 and 893:
INDEX resource(s) (continued) HWOpt
Page 894 and 895:
INDEX right parenthesis ()) \) as A
Page 896 and 897:
INDEX server (continued) print, as
Page 898 and 899:
INDEX setup of pages, device initia
Page 900 and 901:
INDEX stack operator 87, 692 stack(
Page 902 and 903:
INDEX string(s) (continued) names a
Page 904 and 905:
INDEX testing See also insideness t
Page 906 and 907:
INDEX TrappingOrder array as Trappi
Page 908 and 909:
INDEX user paths (continued) cache
Page 910 and 911:
INDEX writestring operator 721 EOL
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