1st_semester_notebook_pasco

Metals, with only a few electrons in the outer energy level, tend to lose electrons most readily. The
energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom is called the IONIZATION POTENTIAL.
Energy + Metal Atom ---> Metal (+) ion + e-
Non-metals, which lack only one or two electrons in the outer energy level have little tendency to lose
electrons - the ionization potential would be very high. Instead non-metals have a tendency to gain
electrons. The ELECTRON AFFINITY is the energy given off by an atom when it gains electrons.
Non-metal Atom + e- --- Non-metal (-) ion + energy
The energy required to produce positive ions (ionization potential) is roughly balanced by the energy
given off to produce negative ions (electron affinity). The energy released by the net force of
attraction by the ions provides the overall stabilizing energy of the compound.
Notes Section:
Octet rule: The octet rule states that atoms will gain or lose electrons in order to fill the outer valence
level of eight electrons. Noble gases are the only ones that are complete with eight to begin with.
Charge: The charge of an ion is changed when it gains or loses an electron, the amount of protons
stays the same.
An ion with a positive charge is called a cation.
An ion that has a negative charge is called an anion.
Ionic compound: When two oppositely charged ions are nearby, they are attracted to one another by
electric forces. Then when close enough are held together with ionic bonds.
Ionic compounds are named they way they are because there is only on
possible way it can be put together so its the name of the first element then the
second with -ide at the end; unlike compounds in which you need to use
prefixes to see how many there are because there can be many different
formations.
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