FINAL REPORT

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A study on Menstrual Hygiene Management in Mongolia: Understanding practices and impacts on adolescent schoolgirls’ education and health Supported by Global Affairs Canada Programme Division/WASH 3 United Nations Plaza New York, NY 10017 USA www.unicef.org/wash/schools Commentaries represent the personal views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the positions of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of the material do not imply on the part of UNICEF the expression of any opinion whatsoever concerning the legal status of any country or territory, or of its authorities or the delimitations of its frontiers.
<strong>FINAL</strong> <strong>REPORT</strong> TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 INTRODUCTION 3 METHODOLOGY 9 Preparatory work 9 Study design/scope 9 Research process 10 FINDINGS 14 Social and environmental context 15 Contextual factor 1. Poor community-level access to water and shower facilities in rural and suburban areas 15 Contextual factor 2. Poor WASH facilities in urban, provincial and rural schools 16 Contextual factor 3. Parental support 16 Contextual factor 4. Age of girls at menarche 17 Contextual factor 5. Rapidly increasing access to information and the media 17 Challenges girls face 18 Being unprepared 18 Hiding menstruation from boys 18 Fear of leaks, stains and odour 19 Difficulty in asking for help 19 Biological challenges 19 Determinants and Contributing Factors 20 Determinant 1. Inadequate WASH facilities in schools and dormitories 20 Determinant 2. Knowledge, information and education 27 Determinant 3. Access to emergency materials to manage menstruation 32 Determinant 4. Supportive psychosocial environment 34 Determinant 5. Biological factors 36 Impacts on and risks to education and health 37 Voiced impacts 37 Potential risks/potential health impacts 39 RECOMMENDATIONS 42 1. Recommendations from participants 42 2. Recommendations from researchers 43 REFERENCES 45 ANNEXES 46 ii i
Page 1 and 2: FINAL REPORT 1
Page 3: A STUDY ON MENSTRUAL HYGIENE MANAGE
Page 7 and 8: FINAL REPORT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This
Page 9 and 10: FINAL REPORT INTRODUCTION Assessmen
Page 11 and 12: FINAL REPORT Mongolia is a youthful
Page 13 and 14: FINAL REPORT The country has a 12-y
Page 15 and 16: FINAL REPORT 2015 was a milestone y
Page 17 and 18: FINAL REPORT Selection of schools T
Page 19 and 20: FINAL REPORT In-depth interviews Th
Page 21 and 22: FINAL REPORT Social and environment
Page 23 and 24: FINAL REPORT Girls who lived in sch
Page 25 and 26: FINAL REPORT Fear of leaks, stains
Page 27 and 28: FINAL REPORT Comparison of toilet f
Page 29 and 30: FINAL REPORT “It is dark in the d
Page 31 and 32: FINAL REPORT The condition of schoo
Page 33 and 34: FINAL REPORT Figure 17. Simple wash
Page 35 and 36: FINAL REPORT mainly provided inform
Page 37 and 38: FINAL REPORT “We’re used to it
Page 39 and 40: FINAL REPORT process they organize
Page 41 and 42: FINAL REPORT • “We don’t mana
Page 43 and 44: FINAL REPORT Impacts on and risks t
Page 45 and 46: FINAL REPORT How girls felt before
Page 47 and 48: FINAL REPORT Societal level: Recent
Page 49 and 50: FINAL REPORT Access to sanitary pad
Page 51 and 52: FINAL REPORT REFERENCES: 1. United
Page 53 and 54: ANNEX 2. WASH STANDARDS FOR GIRLS
Page 55 and 56:
Observation Response UB aimag soum
Page 57 and 58:
ANNEX 4 B. IDEAL FUNCTIONAL TOILETS
Page 59 and 60:
ANNEX 5. NUMBER OF TEACHERS FOR THE
Page 61 and 62:
Strengthen the knowledge, informati
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