WASTEWATER

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TABLE OF CONTENT FOREWORD by Irina Bokova Director-General of UNESCO FOREWORD by Guy Ryder Chair of UN-Water and Director-General of International Labour Organization PREFACE by Stefan Uhlenbrook, WWAP Coordinator and Richard Connor, Editor-in-Chief ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v v v vii vii vii viii viii viii x EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 PROLOGUE | STATE OF WATER RESOURCES: AVAILABILITY AND QUALITY 9 PART I BASELINE AND CONTEXT CHAPTER 1 | INTRODUCTION 16 1.1 Wastewater flows 20 1.2 Wastewater as a resource: Seizing the opportunities 21 CHAPTER 2 | WASTEWATER AND THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AGENDA 23 2.1 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 24 2.2 Potential synergies and conflicts 26 CHAPTER 3 | GOVERNANCE 29 3.1 Actors and roles 30 3.2 Policy, law and regulation 31 3.3 Financing 35 3.4 Socio-cultural aspects 36 CHAPTER 4 | TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF WASTEWATER 37 4.1 Wastewater sources and components 38 4.2 Impacts of releasing untreated or inadequately treated wastewater 40 4.3 Wastewater collection and treatment 42 4.4 Data and information needs 46 PREFACE i
PART II THEMATIC FOCUS CHAPTER 5 | MUNICIPAL AND URBAN WASTEWATER 48 5.1 Urbanization and its impact on wastewater production 49 5.2 Urban forms 50 5.3 Sources of wastewater in municipal and urban systems 51 5.4 Composition of municipal and urban wastewater 52 5.5 Urban form and the potential for municipal and urban wastewater use 55 5.6 Managing urban runoff 57 CHAPTER 6 | INDUSTRY 58 6.1 Extent of industrial wastewater generation 59 6.2 Nature of industrial wastewater 61 6.3 Addressing the resource challenge 62 6.4 Wastewater and sustainable industrial development 68 CHAPTER 7 | AGRICULTURE 69 7.1 Agriculture as a source of water pollution 70 7.2 Agriculture as a user of wastewater 74 CHAPTER 8 | ECOSYSTEMS 78 8.1 The role and limits of ecosystems in wastewater management 79 8.2 Planned use of wastewater for ecosystem services 80 8.3 Operational and policy aspects 82 PART III REGIONAL ASPECTS CHAPTER 9 | AFRICA 84 9.1 Water and wastewater in Sub-Saharan Africa 85 9.2 Critical challenges 85 9.3 The way forward 88 ii W W D R 2 0 1 7
Page 2 and 3: The United Nations World Water Deve
Page 6 and 7: CHAPTER 10 | THE ARAB REGION 91 10.
Page 8 and 9: FOREWORD by Irina Bokova Director-G
Page 10 and 11: FOREWORD by Guy Ryder Chair of UN-W
Page 12 and 13: Although primarily targeted at nati
Page 14 and 15: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The United Nations
Page 16 and 17: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Most human activi
Page 18 and 19: Overcoming the practical difficulti
Page 20 and 21: Industry The toxicity, mobility and
Page 22 and 23: Wastewater use can add new revenue
Page 24 and 25: The Prologue provides a brief overv
Page 26 and 27: Figure 3 Projected changes in flood
Page 28 and 29: Figure 5 Estimated in-stream concen
Page 30 and 31: W O R L D W A T E R D E V E L O P M
Page 32 and 33: This introductory chapter frames th
Page 34 and 35: Figure 1.1 Wastewater in the water
Page 36 and 37: a) The prevention or reduction of p
Page 38 and 39: CHAPTER 2 WWAP | Angela Renata Cord
Page 40 and 41: Improved wastewater treatment and t
Page 42 and 43: BOX 2.1 POVERTY, WASTEWATER MANAGEM
Page 44 and 45: CHAPTER 3 UNDP | Marianne Kjellén
Page 46 and 47: Figure 3.1 Institutional levels of
Page 48 and 49: Operator/service provider Academia/
Page 50 and 51: Regulations may address the treatme
Page 52 and 53: CHAPTER 4 WWAP | Angela Renata Cord
Page 54 and 55:
Table 4.1 Advantages and disadvanta
Page 56 and 57:
Figure 4.3 Sanitation transitions a
Page 58 and 59:
Figure 4.4 Water management system
Page 60 and 61:
The GLAAS, a UN-Water initiative im
Page 62 and 63:
W O R L D W A T E R D E V E L O P M
Page 64 and 65:
This chapter discusses the sources
Page 66 and 67:
Table 5.1 Urban typologies and wast
Page 68 and 69:
Table 5.2 Composition of raw wastew
Page 70 and 71:
BOX 5.2 INDIRECT POTABLE REUSE IN P
Page 72 and 73:
The United States Environmental Pro
Page 74 and 75:
This chapter describes the extent a
Page 76 and 77:
Table 6.2 Industrial wastewater dis
Page 78 and 79:
Table 6.4 Content of typical wastew
Page 80 and 81:
BOX 6.3 CREATIVE USE OF WASTEWATER
Page 82 and 83:
(GE Reports, 2015), obstacles may i
Page 84 and 85:
CHAPTER 7 FAO | Sara Marjani Zadeh
Page 86 and 87:
Table 7.1 Categories of major water
Page 88 and 89:
agricultural pollutants, such as an
Page 90 and 91:
than the area using treated wastewa
Page 92 and 93:
The multiple-barrier perspective go
Page 94 and 95:
This chapter examines the role of e
Page 96 and 97:
Table 8.2 Examples of using treated
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
This chapter examines the critical
Page 102 and 103:
Figure 9.2 Urban water management c
Page 104 and 105:
9.3 The way forward 9.3.1 Wastewate
Page 106 and 107:
CHAPTER 10 UNESCWA | Carol Chouchan
Page 108 and 109:
At least 11 out of 22 Arab States h
Page 110 and 111:
BOX 10.2 WATER REUSE IN TUNISIA was
Page 112 and 113:
This chapter describes how wastewat
Page 114 and 115:
sanitation crisis and increasing th
Page 116 and 117:
This chapter focuses on responses t
Page 118 and 119:
BOX 12.1 MANAGING MUNICIPAL WASTEWA
Page 120 and 121:
BOX 12.3 EUROPEAN UNION’S URBAN W
Page 122 and 123:
This chapter describes the challeng
Page 124 and 125:
13.3 Ongoing concerns and expanding
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
This chapter describes various inst
Page 130 and 131:
14.2 Technical responses 14.2.1 Res
Page 132 and 133:
BOX 14.4 THE CARIBBEAN REGIONAL FUN
Page 134 and 135:
CHAPTER 15 UN-Habitat | Graham Alab
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low-cost systems are likely to gain
Page 138 and 139:
BOX 15.3 SEWER MINING IN SYDNEY, AU
Page 140 and 141:
This chapter outlines a broad set o
Page 142 and 143:
BOX 16.3 DECENTRALIZED WATER MANAGE
Page 144 and 145:
BOX 16.5 RECOVERY OF ENERGY AND BIO
Page 146 and 147:
Hydraulic energy. Placing turbines
Page 148 and 149:
Table 16.1 Examples of water reuse
Page 150 and 151:
16.5 Regulations for water reuse Ea
Page 152 and 153:
CHAPTER 17 UNESCO-IHP | Sarantuyaa
Page 154 and 155:
Future research and innovation tren
Page 156 and 157:
17.3 Future trends in wastewater ma
Page 158 and 159:
CHAPTER 18 WWAP | Richard Connor, A
Page 160 and 161:
3. using treated wastewater for var
Page 162 and 163:
little or no legislation on quality
Page 164 and 165:
interests and increasing collaborat
Page 166 and 167:
REFERENCES ATSE (Australian Academy
Page 168 and 169:
REFERENCES Doorn, M. R. J., Towpray
Page 170 and 171:
REFERENCES Gerbens-Leenes, P. W., M
Page 172 and 173:
REFERENCES Idelovitch, E. and Rings
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EFERENCES Lowrance, R., Altier, L.
Page 176 and 177:
EFERENCES Nandeesha, M. C. 2002. Se
Page 178 and 179:
EFERENCES RECPnet (Resource Efficie
Page 180 and 181:
EFERENCES Tréhu, É. 1905. Des pou
Page 182 and 183:
EFERENCES _____. 2015. UNESCO Proje
Page 184 and 185:
EFERENCES Van Dien, F. and Boone, P
Page 186 and 187:
EFERENCES WWAP (World Water Assessm
Page 188 and 189:
Industrial wastewater: Water discha
Page 190 and 191:
ABBREVIATIONS and ACRONYMS BAT B-DA
Page 192 and 193:
cronyms BOXES, FIGURES and TABLES B
Page 194 and 195:
Figure 4.2 Faecal waste framework f
Page 196 and 197:
UNDESA, UNECE, UNECLAC, UNESCAP, UN
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WASTEWATER

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