Electric Vehicle (EV)

Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul 

Chairman, Board of Director of Innovation Group March 2017 

1

Labor mobility 

Multi-nationalities 

Urbanization 

Aging 

People 

Social Changes 

Unbalance of incomes 

Digital 

Communications 

Local Politicians 

Local influencers 

Thailand 

Technology 

3D Printing 

Economy 

Politicians 

Political Transparency 

Digital Technology and 

Robotic 

Bio-Engineering 

Finance & F/X 

Government 

Offices 

Globalization and Trade Regulations 

Consumer’s 

Global 

Warming 

Green Economy 

NBT 

behavior 

Green Technology 

Environmental Control 

“Something new and 

better 

Innovation Group (Thailand) 


2

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vs. Battery Electrical Vehicle (BEV) 

Electric cars are a variety of electric vehicle (EV). The term "electric vehicle" refers to any vehicle 

that uses electric motors for propulsion. 

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) 

http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/technology/transportation/electric-cars/ 

Battery Electrical Vehicle(BEV) 

• BEV is an electric car that is propelled by electric motors, using electrical energy stored in rechargeable batteries. 

• Electric motor are more quite than ICE and generate much lower heat and pollutants. 

• Not only Internal combustion engine but fuel system are not necessary also for BEV. 

Innovation Group (Thailand) Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul 3

Major Emmissions of 

Pollution – especially 

in Megacities 

(Urbanisation) 

One Quarter of total 

consumption of fossil 

raw materials 

The Transport sector 

is responsible for one 

quarter of total 

Greenhouse Gas 

(GHG) Emissions 

Why 

Electric 

Vehicles?? 

Noise Pollution 


Energy Efficiency 

ICE 

Losses : 

gases 

(water) 

(radiation, convection) 

Energy Efficiency 

EV 

20 % propulsion 

about 40% hot exhaust 

20% motor cooling 

10% motor cooling 

10% other losses 

85 % propulsion 

Losses : about 5% battery 

10% other losses 




6




8



9

Today oil demand is 92.4 mbd and automotive accounts for 75% of oil product 

consumption in transporting system or 50% of final oil consumption 

By 2023, w/w will consume 100 mbd of oil, EV could replace 2 mbd of oil 

demand as early as 2023 

China is the strongest growing country in EV 

Current price of battery in mid-sized car cost $ 15,000. makes EV car very 

expensive. But price of battery is coming down. 

While cost of producing ICE to meet environmental controlling standard will 

becoming more expensive than EV which meet the standard 



10

HEV 

BEV 

EREV 

PHEV 

HEV: Hybrid Electric Vehicle PHEV: Plug-in Hybrid Electric vehicle BEV: Battery Electric Vehicle 

EREV: Extended Range Electric Vehicle FCEV: Fuel cell Electric Vehicle 

FCEV 



11

Charged by 

engine/fuel 

cell 

Engine 

Engine 

Engine 

Fuel cell 

Charged by 

regenerative 

braking 

M/G 

M/G 

M/G 

M/G 

M/G 

Battery 

Battery 

Battery 

Battery 

Battery 

Charged by 

external 

power source 

Fuel tank 

Fuel tank 

Fuel tank 

H2 tank 

HEV PHEV BEV EREV FCEV 

Engine Y Y N N Fuel cell 

Regen. 

brake 

Y Y Y Y Y 

External N Y Y Y N 

Large battery capacity for long range travelling -> Charging by external power 

source is definitely necessary 



12

AC (Normal and fast charge) DC (Quick charge) 

Phase/Voltage 1 P/230 V 3 P/400 V -/400-500 V 

Power 3.3-7.4 kW 10-43 kW ≥ 50 kW 

Charging time 

(Ex. Battery capacity 24 kWh) 

3-7 hr. 

(Full charge) 

0.5-2 hr. 

(Full charge) 

< 30 min. 

(80% charge only) 



13

Global cumulative number of PEVs * (BEV+PHEV) has reached 1.2 millions in 2015 

1 million 

PEVs 


*PEVs: Plug-in Electric Vehicles (BEV + PHEV) 



14

Global cumulative number of EV charging outlets, 2010-2015, has reached 

1.45 millions outlets. 

(thousands) 

Note: Slow chargers include AC 

chargers with charging power 

≤22 kW. Fast chargers include 

AC chargers with charging power 

43 kW, DC chargers, Tesla 

Superchargers and inductive 

chargers. 

• As of 2015,the numbers of private charger are 1.3 millions outlets, publicly low charger are ∼162,000 outlets and publicly 

fast charger are ∼28,000 outlets respectively. 

• Top 3 countries: US, China and Japan 



15

A key driver to boost the EV ecosystem – THE POLICY 

Level Target Scope Type Tool 

• National 

• State/ 

provincial 

• Municipal 

Ex: 

• Private 

customers 

• Industry 

• Public sector 

• Vehicle 

• Charging 

infrastructure 

• Financial 

• Target/bans/ 

mandates 

• Public 

procurement 

• Others 

A federal funding programme that contributed to 36,500 publicly accessible charging 

outlets in place in 2015. 

A partnership with a retailer for the installation of 500 fast chargers and 650 standards 

chargers at its stores, providing 2/3 of funding. 

• Fiscal-Tax 

incentive/ 

penalty 

• Direct financial 

subsidy 

• Mandates 

&Targets 

• Product 

standards 

• Public 

expenditure 

• Electricity 

rates 

• Etc. 

From March 2015, the CH government has mandated that parking spaces in new 

residential bldg. & at least 10% of public parking should have EV charging infrastructure. 



16

High cost of Li-ion battery. Besides Li, Cd is relatively expensive and 

toxic. 

Critical Raw Materials (Rare Earths (for example neodymium, 

dysprosium; Special Metals etc.) – many of them not available in 

Europe 

Range small compared to ICE cars and temperature dependant 

Low Comfort Level (Heating ; other energy consumers..) 

Long Loading Times 

*Hawkins, Troy R.; Singh, Bhawna; Majeau-Bettez, Guillaume; Strømman, Anders Hammer (February 2012). 

"Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Conventional and Electric Vehicles". Journal of 

Industrial Ecology. 17 (1): 53–64 


E-Mobility 

Connected 

Mobility of the 

Future 

Autonomous 

Driving 

Shared 

Mobility 


Emerging new service platforms of 

transportation is customized and 

convenient for consumers. 

Driverless system must be relied on 

safety and convenient in driving 

including effectively connecting with 

other cars. 

1 2 

Share services 

Autonomous or 

self-driving vehicle 

3 

Green mobility 

Automotive Industry 

of the Future 

4 

Digitalization of automotive 

products and process 

management 

Car Emission would be reduced with 

electrification system both vehicle 

technologies (PHEV/BEV) and traffic 

management in urban areas. 

Infrastructure and 

transportation should 

support digital driving 

system. 

Connectivity in supply 

chain by digital system will 

come into play. 

Source : Mckinsey & Company , Mercedes-Benz , PWC 



Expected 

Cost 

HV battery 

system costs 

200 – 300 

€ / kWh 

150 € / kWh HV 

battery system 

costs 

100 € / kWh EV >= 

conventional 

Conventional 

powertrain costs 

2015 2020 2025 2030 


Dr.Banja Junhasavasdikul 21

Drivetrain 

Diesel Gasoline 

now 

Future 

Hybrid 

eDrive 




S-Class GLE GLC GLC COUPE 

C-Class 

C-Class Estate 

C-Class LWB 

E-Class 

2014 2016 

2015 


Ready for the market 

50% 

Greater 

China 

25% 

NAFTA 

WEU 

15% 

100% 

EV Share 

Mercedes-Benz Cars 

Sales 2025 

Highest Potential EV 

Share Mercedes-Benz 

Cars 2025 



25

smart electric drive - 

fortwo and forfour 

Intelligent EV-Architecture 

Battery-electric vehicle 

with up to 500 km range 

smart fortwo 

electric drive 

SLS AMG 

Coupé Electric 

Drive 

B 250 e 

Mercedes-Benz GLC F-CELL 


30% 

reduction fuel 

cell engine size 

90% 

reduction of 

Platinum 

2010: Underfloor package 

206 g Platinum 

4 kW / m 2 active area Screw 

compressor 

2017: Compartment 

package 

20 g Platinum 

9 kW / m 2 active area 

Electric turbo charger with 

turbine 

30% 

40% 

higher electric 

range in future 

vehicles 

higher mileage 



27





29



AC Charging 

DC Charging 

Inductive Charging 



32

Customer 

requirements 

available fast 

intelligent 

comfortable 

Electric Vehicle 

Friends 

Gym 

Rest stop 

Parking lot 

Park 

Zoo 

Super market 

Stadium 

Parking lot 

Restaurant 

Charging Infrastructure 

highway 

Mall 

@home 

Bakery 

@work 

Cinema 

Parking lot 

POI 

Digital Services 

Airport 

public 

Private trip 

Daily 

business 

Holidays 


Extension 

Production space stocked up 

from 20,000 to 60,000 m 2 

2 nd plant start of operations: 

mid 2018 

Production of Li-Ion batteries 

for hybrid as well as electric 

vehicles and energy storage 

systems 

Deutsche ACCUMOTIVE GmbH & Co. 

KG, Kamenz, Germany 





EV needs light martials for its chassis and body. Aluminum alloys 

and carbon composites are replacing heavy steel 

Li-ion battery uses Li as the anode. Graphite as the cathode . 

Li is sensitive to air and moisture to ignite. 

Copper will be heavily consumed , 80 kilos per car. If in 2035, 140 

million EV on the road ( 8% of total fleets of light vehicles). EV will 

consume 1/3 of total global copper demand . 

By 2025, . EV could replace 2 million barrel a day of oil demand and 

increasing (w/w will consume 100 million barrel of oil per day) 


Lithium-ion batteries are main battery for all 

rechargeable applications from cell phones to electrical 

cars to renewable energy farm. 

Graphite is used in the other electrode 99.9%) purity as 

anode-grade. Graphene is ideal for use in in battery 

because of its net-like structure that allow Li atoms 

through, speeding up charge and discharge times. 

Most Li-ion battery contain graphite 55% more than Li 

(55 pounds in large EV battery) 


Lithium Cobalt Oxide ( 60% Co has highest density, using 

mainly in cell phone and lab top) 

Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide(10-20% Co has 

lower density but can handle larger energy loading and 

makes it safer in large batteries in EV) 

And finally Lithium NickleCobalt Aluminium Oxide ( 9% 

Co, lower density, high load battery , good for large scale 

project ) 

Co is found in mining of Ni. Cobalite ( CoAsS) is 

important deposite in Congo. Mining of Co causes 

poisonous of Arsenic to steam and Arsenic fume in 

smelting 


World is looking to use non-Cobalt in Li compound 

Li-battery station provides peak hour electrical power 

plant to cover times of excess demand..300 megawatts 

of battery storage is building in California. 


Cluster structure and supply chain in Thailand automotive industry 

Supporting industries 

Machinery, Tools and Mechanical devices, Molding etc. 

Target 

World 

Ranking 

12 th 

Production 

Base 

Motorcycle 

Assembly 

8 Companies 

8 firms 

Car and Pickup truck 

Assembly 

17 companies, 

23 firms 

Assembly Group 

*Car Assembly 

100,000 people 

•Distributor, 

•Service center 

200,000 people 

Auto parts Producers 

(386 companies) 

Motorcycle parts Producers 

(201 companies) 

Engines, Drivetrains, Steering, Suspension, 

Brake Wheel, Tire, Bodyworks, 

Interiors, Electronics Systems 

Tier 1 

Small and Medium 

Auto parts producers 

(1,700 companies) 

Stamping, plastics, rubber, machining, 

casting, forging, function, electrical, 

trimming 

Tier 2 & 3 

Auto parts Producers 450,000 people 

Supporting Industries 100,000 people 

Services 

industries 

- Distribution W/H 

- Finance 

- Assess 

- Specific Adviser 

- Logistic 

- Leasing, Banking 

Upstream industries 

Iron and Steel, Plastics, Rubber, Electronics, glass and mirror, 

Textile and Leather, Petrochemical, Painting and Coating 

More than 2,500 companies 

Entrepreneur Associations and 

Institutions 

Academic and Technical 

Institution 

Policy group and supporting organizations 

Government

Export value of Thailand automotive and auto parts industries 

THAILAND AUTOMOTIVE 

AND MOTORCYCLE 

EXPORT VALUE 

(MILLION BAHT) 

2015 Total export value 

1.2 Trillion Baht 

MB. 

THAILAND AUTO PARTS 

EXPORT VALUE 

(MILLION BAHT) 

MB. 

Source : TAI/ TAPMA 

42

Thai automotive production is close to 2 million cars. It is the 12 th world’s car 

production of 91 million cars. 

It accounts to almost 1.5 trillion baht in total value chain. 

Always, Automotive industry is key driver in development of 

steel, petrochemical and rubber industries. 

 

Automotive and tire industries consume 65% of total rubber. And Thailand 

is the largest NR producer, at 4.5 mil. tons. 

65% of Innovation Group’s revenue is generated from products and service 

to automotive industry. 




44

Weather strip 

Grommet 


Hoses and Fuel Hoses 

Anti vibration parts 

Engine Mount 

Intake hoses 

Brake-Clutch parts 

Dustproof cover 

Oil Seal 

Bush 


WIPER BLADE 

WEATHERSTRIPS 

GASKETS 

HOSES 

O-RING 

BELTS 

ANTI-VIBRATIONS 

CUSHION 

BOOTS 

GROMMETS 


Comparison of RM cost for ICE vs. BEV 

Part Weigth (g) Kind of Rubber 

RM cost ( / car) 

ICE 


wind shield & weather strip 4,300 EPDM 390 

Brake 250 EPDM 30 

Air condition hose 220 

EPDM , FKM 

Polyamide 

70 

Grommet 410 EPDM 35 

Wiper Blade 75 NR 10 

O-Ring & Seal 120 NBR, EPDM 60 

Brake 260 EPDM 35 

Body Cushion 300 NR 30 

Boot 1,000 EPDM, CR 130 

Strut 2,000 NR 200 

other rubber 200 NR, EPDM 20 

Belt 400 CR/HNBR 60 

Fuel hose 960 FKM, ECO, CSM 200 

Power steering hose 900 FKM, CSM, CR 500 

Air intake hose 500 ACM, ECO 175 

Turbo charger 500 FKM/Silicone 300 

Radiator hose 500 EPDM 100 

Oil seal & gasket 240 NBR/FKM 240 

Engine mount 410 NR/CR 40 

Engine Cushion 515 NR 80 

Total 2,705 1,010

Total weight of rubber part in car 

14 KGs 

30% Reduced 

• ICE car consists of rubber part for 14 kg 

approximately (not including tires). 

• BEV has no combustion engine and fuel 

system. So, rubber part around an 

engine, fuel transferring system and fuel tank 

are not necessary. 

ICE 

wind shield & weather strip 

Brake 

Wiper Blade 

Anti-Vibration 

Engine 


Cooling system 

Grommet 

Suspension 

Others rubber 

Fuel system 

• Discarding rubber part in engine and fuel 

system, 70% of rubber part still be remained. 

• However, those parts that disappear are the 

high performance rubber parts which always 

challenge technical development in rubber. 

These rubber parts are high value products for 

improvement of engine performance, bio-fuel 

and environmental regulations 


Materials 

• Oil and high temperature resistant materials will decrease 

in usage in BEV. 

• Inflammable and high voltage resistant materials will be 

required for the part that connect to electrical 

equipment, motor and battery in BEV. 

• Heat generated in motor and battery storage area is less 

than ICE, rubber part is probably replaced by new 

composite materials in plastic and rubber. “TPV” is a new 

challenging materials will be using more in those areas. 


Green Tires 


Concept Tires 


Goodyear’s 

Round shaped Tire 

for EV 


No Flat Tire 

No need to carry spare 

Low rolling-resistance 

Recyclable flexible materials 

Applicable to heavy duty tires 


tough materials of Polyurethane 

and glass reinforced are used 

Michelin X Tweel 


Generate electric for EV 

By converting friction 

heat of tire and road and 

tire flex into electric 

It can also collect heat 

from sun in hot air to 

generate electric when 

car is not running. 


www.elastomer-polymer.com

Electric Vehicle (EV)

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