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Goose <strong>down</strong> –A slightly less lofty material, this makes it less warm and thus less<br />

expensive.<br />

Duck <strong>down</strong> – Less fine than goose <strong>down</strong>. Duck <strong>down</strong> sits at the everyday,<br />

affordable end of the <strong>down</strong> scale making it the least expensive.<br />

Although natural <strong>down</strong> is exceptionally resistant to harsh environmental factors such as<br />

wind and sunlight, it does have one <strong>down</strong>side. The plumage used within these garments has<br />

an incapability to repel water and moisture. In actual fact, <strong>down</strong> looses a large amount of<br />

its thermal insulation when wet. This is because the plumage clumps together and is often<br />

slow to dry. Commonly, the fill remains bunched and the clothing losses a large majority of<br />

its heat retaining capability due to it leaving un-insulated areas in the garment.<br />

How does it work?<br />

All materials, including thermal base<br />

layers, hard shell water proofs and<br />

sleeping bags are measured using the<br />

industry standard of either the clo or<br />

tog units.<br />

The ‘clo’ unit is measure as 0.155 K<br />

M 2 /W (Kelvin per Metre squared over<br />

Watts), or the more common unit the<br />

‘tog’ are measured as 0.645 clo.<br />

The effectiveness of <strong>down</strong> clothing can<br />

be measured by referring to its ‘fill<br />

power’. Fill power is a measure of the<br />

loft or “fluffiness” of a <strong>down</strong> product<br />

that is loosely related to the insulating<br />

value of the <strong>down</strong>. The higher the fill<br />

power the more air an ounce of the<br />

<strong>down</strong> can trap, and thus the more<br />

insulating ability an ounce of the <strong>down</strong><br />

will have. Fill power ranges from about<br />

300 (in³/oz for feathers to around 900<br />

(in³/oz) for the highest quality <strong>down</strong>,<br />

with the latter being both the warmest<br />

and lightest. It should be noted that the<br />

most commonly found fill is between 400 and 500, although this is often low quality <strong>down</strong>,<br />

useful for cold city days or to be used as casual winter mid layer it is highly insulating none<br />

the less. As we Move through the spectrum of fill, layers with the fill of 700 are made from<br />

higher quality loft, increasing in both functionality and price. Down counts of 900 or more<br />

are rarely found within shops as they are often reserved for the top end winter<br />

mountaineers, or those partaking in winter sports on a regular basis.<br />

When examining a <strong>down</strong> item you will also be confronted by a percentage representing the<br />

fill, for example, 80/20 or 90/10.This information is important as it represents the balance<br />

between the <strong>down</strong> and feather. Due to the nature of the material it is nearly impossible to<br />

separate all of the softer <strong>down</strong> from the harder contour feathers found on the surface of the<br />

water fowl. With this information, you can clearly tell that the garments with higher<br />

percentages are warmer, lighter, will compress more and as the tag will tell you, they are<br />

often more expensive.

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