Potential evapotranspiration of winter wheat in the conditions of south Serbia

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Table 5. Evapotranspiration, grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat. Year Pre-irrigation soil moisture Soil water supplies (mm) Precipitation (mm) Irrigation (mm) Grain Yield kg ha -1 ЕТ (mm) 2009/10 80% FWC 51.2 279.5 80 6350 410.7 15.46 70% FWC 63.6 279.5 40 7480 393.1 19.03 60% FWC 84.0 279.5 20 6870 383.5 17.91 Control 92.7 279.5 - 6070 372.2 16.31 2010/11 80% FWC 43,5 211.7 150 6520 405.2 16.09 70% FWC 49.4 211.7 120 7110 381.1 18.65 60% FWC 54.3 211.7 80 6340 346.0 18.32 Control 77.8 211.7 - 4780 289.5 16.51 FWC – field water capacity ET – evapotranspiration WUE - water use efficiency. WUE kg ha -1 mm -1 Table 6. Winter wheat water requirements calculated by CROPWAT 8.0. Month Kc 2009/10. 2010/11. ETo mm day -1 ETc mm ETo mm day -1 ETc mm X 0.75 1.15 15.52 1.19 12.49 XI 0.75 0.74 16.65 0.94 21.15 XII 0.70 0.59 12.80 0.70 15.19 I 0.40 0.56 6.94 0.47 5.83 II 0.70 0.75 14.7 0.67 13.13 III 0,78 1.61 38.93 1.57 37.96 IV 0.97 2.36 68.67 2.79 81.19 V 1.12 3.07 106.59 3.15 109.57 VI 0.92 3.90 107.64 4.13 113.99 VII 0.30 4.76 21.42 4.38 22.34 Total 409.86 432.64 Kc – crop coeficient ETo – referent evapotranspiration ETc – crop water requirements. The estimated WUE values were within the range from 15.46 to 19.03 kg ha -1 mm -1 and were close to the values reported by Liu et al. (2011). Much lower values of winter wheat WUE were reported by many researchers (Zang et al., 2005; Sun et al., 2006; Sun et al., 2010; Fang et al., 2010). The highest values of winter wheat WUE were observed in our experimental field at the variant with pre-irrigation soil moisture 70% of FWC, so that in order to reach high and stable grain yield of winter wheat in the conditions of southern Serbia one ought to keep soil moisture at that level. Conclusion Potential evapotranspiration of winter wheat (381.1– 393.1 mm) in the conditions of southern Serbia has been measured by water balancing method at the variant with pre-irrigation soil humidity 70% of FWC. The difference between potential evapotranspiration measured by water balancing and the one calculated by CROPWAT 8.0 software has been established. An efficient exploitation of the CROPWAT model for calculating winter wheat water requirements in the agroecological conditions of southern Serbia is possible, if calibration of Kc coefficients is previously carried out. The observed values of PET, WUE and Aksić et al. Page 97
grain yield of winter wheat offer possibility of adequate exploitation of given agroecological conditions and reaching high and stable wheat grain yield, through further investigations with application of modern cultivation techniques and proper choice of cultivars. Acknowledgement The investigation published in this paper is a part of the project “Investigation of genetic base for grain yield and quality improvement in various ecological conditions”, financed by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, grant No TR-31092. References Allen RG, Pereira L, Raes S, Smith D. 1998. Crop evapotranspiration-guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO irrigation and drainage paper No. 56, FAO, Rome, 300 p. Balwinder S, Eberbach PL, Humphreys E, Kukal SS. 2011. The effect of rice straw mulch on evapotranspiration, transpiration, and soil evaporation on irrigated wheat in Punjab, India. Agricultural Water Management 98,1 847-1855. Bošnjak Đ. 1999. Navodnjavanje poljoprivrednih useva. Poljoprivredni fakultet, Novi Sad, 181-186. Cornish PS, Murray GM. 1989. Low rainfall rarely limits wheat yields in southern New South Wales. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, 77-83. Dechmi F, Playan E, Faci JM, Tajero M, Bercero A. 2003. Analysis of an irrigation district in northeastern Spain: II. Irrigation evaluation, simulation and scheduling. Agricultural Water Management 61, 93-109. Doorenbos J, Pruitt WO. 1977. Guideliness for Predicting Crop Water Requirement: FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 24, FAO, Rome, 156 p. Doorenbos J, Kassam AH. 1979. FAO irrigation and drainage paper No. 33 “Yield response to water”, FAO, Rome, 193 p. Dragović S, Maksimović L. 2000. Navodnjavanje ozime pšenice u cilju realizacije genetskog potencijala na rodnost. Selekcija i semenarstvo 7, 9-15. Fang Q, Ma L, Yu Q, Ahuja LR, Malone RW, Hoogenboom G. 2010. Irrigation strategies to improve the water use efficiency of wheat-maize double cropping systems in North China Plain. Agricultural Water Management 97, 1165-1174. FAO 2009. CROPWAT 8.0, Land and Water Development Division, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome. Online at http://www.fao.org/nr/water/infores_databases_cro pwat.html. FAO 2013. Wheat. Online at http://www.fao.org/nr/water/cropinfo_wheat.html French RJ, Schultz JE. 1984. Water use efficiency of wheat in a Mediterranean-typeenvironment. I. The relationship between yield, water use and climate. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 35, 743- 764. Gouranga K, Verma HN. 2005. Climatic water balance, probable rainfall, rice crop water requirements and cold period in India. Agricultural Water Management 72, 15-32. Haijun L, Lipeng Y, Yu L, Xiangping W, Guanhua H. 2011. Responses of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) evapotranspiration and yield to sprinkler irrigation regimes. Agricultural Water Management 98, 483-492. Hussain G, Al-Jaloud AA, Al-Shammary SF, Karimulla S. 1995. Effect of saline irrigation on the biomass yield and the protein, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium composition of alfalfa in a pot Aksić et al. Page 98
Page 1 and 2: RESEARCH PAPER OPEN ACCESS Potentia
Page 3 and 4: October 12 th in 2009, and at Octob
Page 5: amounted 409.9 mm, while for the se
Page 9: Sun HY, Shen YJ, Yu Q, Flerchinger

Potential evapotranspiration of winter wheat in the conditions of south Serbia

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?