The Bangladesh Today (21-01-2018)

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EDITORIAL SUNdAY, JANUArY 21, 2018 4 Acting Editor & Publisher : Jobaer Alam Telephone: +8802-9104683-84, Fax: 9127103 e-mail: editor@thebangladeshtoday.com Sunday, January 21, 2018 doubling food grain production Bangladesh is able to maintain a balance of sorts between its basic food supply requirement and present population with some dependency on imported food grains. But this balance could strain severely even in the near future increasing the import dependency when worldwide food shortages and higher prices of staple foods are noted. Thus, it is high time for Bangladesh to devise and implement programmes to go on substantially increasing the production of food grains. Full or near near attainment of targets of rice production in recent years showed that planned increases of food grain production are possible. This should now lead to planning for the long term to attain complete self-sufficiency in food grains at the fastest. The aim of such long term planning should be to go on gradually increasing food grain production to ultimately double output. Every year, the country is seen losing nearly 80 thousand hectares of arable lands due to river erosion, building of houses and infrastructures. Thus, one per cent of arable lands is getting lost annually when the demand for food is rising at a rate of 1.4 per cent annually from population growth and other factors. There is a mismatch in the demand and supply growth already. This will only worsen in the years to come if vigorous steps are not taken from now to go on increasing food grain production. The strategy for Bangladesh to that end will have to be one of increasing production from limited or shrinking areas of cultivable lands. But this should not be considered as a serious negative factor because all the possibilities are there for higher productivity from the limited lands. According to experts, Bangladesh can attain a major increase in its food grain production immediately by only expanding the use of the higher yielding varieties of seeds. Only 20 per cent of the farmlands are now covered by high yielding seeds. If the rate of use of such seeds can be extended by 60 per cent from the present rate, then it would be possible to produce an additional 30 million tons of rice. The challenge would be producing the increased quantities of the higher yielding seeds and distributing these efficiently to the farmers. The total demand for paddy seeds is 0.3 million metric tons. But the Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC) supplies 80 thousand metric tons and the rest of the 20 per cent of such seeds now used, are supplied by the private sector. Thus, both the BADC and the private sector will have to engage in time-bound hard activities to increase production of higher yielding seeds and to ensure their efficient distribution to farmers. BADC is expected to take the lead role in this area. Apart from greater use of high yielding seeds, agriculture as a whole in Bangladesh should be modernized to a higher degree for higher productivity. Farmers in many areas are helping such a transformation on their own. Power tillers are replacing the traditional bullock and machines are being used for threshing in place of the manually operated systems. But this transformation needs to be much extended throughout the country through helpful official policies and supports. Besides, the governmental agencies must ensure timely availability of the various agricultural inputs in adequate quantities to the doorsteps of farmers at affordable prices. developing a workforce for the future The simple truth is this: Neither the disruptions are new nor are the fears about them, but as the time-gap between an invention and its commercial application gets smaller, more and more people adopt newer ways of consumption. So the awareness increases, which multiplies the fears and uncertainties about conventional jobs and vocations. It is true that every new innovation and technology disrupts, impacting jobs and employment, but the innovations and technologies behind those ideas, in fact, create more work and multiple ways of engagement that cannot be imagined while thinking in a linear fashion and working within conventional silos. But, for sure, every new shift forces us out of our comfort zones to know more, learn more and adapt more. Take the example of smartphone - a communication tool, which evolved from the old telephone. There are millions more phones in circulation today than there were when only the landline existed. According to one prediction, there will be more mobile devices in the world than human population by 2020. While the landline phones are almost dead, the massive proliferation of smartphones has led to more innovations and technologies, and created millions of jobs worldwide in design, productions, distribution, sales and after-sales service of these smart devices. History is witness to innumerable examples of similar phenomenon where shift in technology and rethink about its application has opened up unimaginable possibilities. One major development has been the creation and distribution of content via smartphones. Today, as a result of convergence, digitisation and WiFi connectivity, these Ever since the UN Security Council imposed its third consecutive round of punitive sanctions against North Korea in 2017 over its controversial nuclear and intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) programs, Pyongyang has embarked on a charm offensive toward its southern neighbor. Toward that end, the two Koreas this week announced an agreement to march under a unity flag and field a joint ice hockey team at the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics which take place in South Korea next month. On the surface, Pyongyang's charm offensive - and ability to undergo a 180- degree transformation from carrying out numerous provocative ICBM tests to finding common ground with its neighbor over how to seemingly appeal to inter-Korean nostalgia for unification - underscores that the reclusive Stalinist regime is susceptible to international pressure. But equally importantly, the North's decision also seeks to send a broader message to the international community: That North Korea is a responsible actor operating within the league of nations and, if engaged properly, can play a stabilizing - perhaps even positive - role within the broader East Asia region. In a chaotic international environment, there will inevitably be observers drawn to this logic as they see detente between the two Koreas as preferable to a full-scale war on the Peninsula, even if the price for detente will be billions of dollars in South Korean "investment" in North Korea and/or in "joint" industrial parks. The problem with that logic, however, is that North Korea is the most brutal dictatorship the world has seen in modern times. And it has nothing to When it comes to claiming exemption from accountability to the law, 'holy men' do not lag far behind ministers and celebrities. Yogi Adityanath feels entitled to double protection. Besides being head of the mutt (religious endowment) at Gorakhpur, which he represented in the Lok Sabha for five terms, he is the current chief minister of Uttar Pradesh. He and four others (including Shri Pratap Shukla, current minister of state for finance) were facing prosecution for delivering a 'hate speech' that led to communal riots in Gorakhpur. Shortly after the yogi became chief minister, the principal secretary (home) passed an order on May 3, 2017, refusing to accord sanction to prosecute the chief minister. Under the rules of business of the state government, passing such order is the sole prerogative of the chief minister or the governor. The 2007 case was not the only one of its kind. The order was challenged in the high court, which observed last August that people "cannot be left remedy-less". It asked the state government to submit case diaries and original records of the investigation. The state's case was receiving short shrift. Rather than wait for the verdict, the yogi announced on Dec 22, smart devises are getting even smarter, democratising the process of content creation. Consequently, institutional and formal media are in flux to adapt this new mode of production, delivery and consumption. This phenomenon is not only creating new jobs but transforming the roles within existing jobs. A journalist today does not only write, he or she makes videos, shoots pictures, updates web pages and is constantly on social media to stay updated. So, up-skilling and re-skilling are indispensable to stay relevant in the media job market. But media is not the only industry that is experiencing this change. The coming together of finance and technology in the form of Fintec is perhaps a bigger disruption that is impacting jobs in finance, banking and retail in an unprecedented way. (Fintec combines technology and innovation in order to compete with traditional financial methods in the delivery of financial services). Similarly, cryptography-based gain from liberalizing, let alone opening up to the international community. The Stalinist regime has, since its founding in 1948, imprisoned millions of its own people in concentration camps where generations of families are forced to carry out slave labor because of the sins of their forefathers, according to various UN reports and testimonies provided by defectors. The Pyongyang elite, along with the ruling Kim family, understands that the international community has compiled evidence of the regime's brutal humanrights record over the decades and that its henchmen will face justice when - if - the regime collapses. With that in mind, the regime has everything to lose from normalizing relations with the international community, even if it is demonstrating that it can engage in symbolic goodwill gestures toward the South. What the North Korean leadership also understands is that neither Washington nor Tokyo will be persuaded by its charm offensive as its expanding ICBM capabilities present a 2017, that a bill to amend the UP Criminal Law (Composition of Offences and Abatement of Trials) Act would be moved in the state's assembly - where he enjoys a majority - so that nearly 20,000 such cases against "political workers" would be withdrawn. Safety lies in numbers. Protection from prosecution is still legally sanctified. Sure enough, on Jan 8, 2018, Governor Ram Naik (a BJP veteran) accorded his consent to the bill passed by the assembly to permit the withdrawal of around 20,000 'politically motivated' cases filed in the state over demonstrations, including one against Yogi Adityanath and FAzAl MAliK democratised ledger of online transactions, commonly known as Blockchain is proving even a bigger influence on business and commerce. (Blockchain is a digital ledger that aids in recording transactions, agreements and contracts in the safest way possible.) Within the local context, Dubai Land Department became the world's first government entity, in October 2017, to adopt Blockchain technology, using a smart Today, as a result of convergence, digitisation and WiFi connectivity, these smart devises are getting even smarter, democratising the process of content creation. Consequently, institutional and formal media are in flux to adapt this new mode of production, delivery and consumption. This phenomenon is not only creating new jobs but transforming the roles within existing jobs. A journalist today does not only write, he or she makes videos, shoots pictures, updates web pages and is constantly on social media to stay updated. database that chronicles, archives and makes available all real estate contracts, including lease registrations, and links them with the Dubai Electricity & Water Authority and the telecommunications system. With all the data available on secure interconnected servers, all government processes and services can be delivered in real time anywhere in the world. This seamless, efficient and paperless process is one example of how Dubai is getting smarter. Blockchain is not the only technology Dubai is adopting to transform North Korea’s tricky balancing act SiGUrd NeUBAUer clear threat to the US-Japan-South Korea strategic alliance. Instead, what the Stalinist regime hopes to achieve from a temporary thaw in inter-Korean relations is to gain the additional time and resources required to advance its ICBM program as it faces the noose of tightening UNSC sanctions. North Korea considers its nuclear and ICBM programs its ultimate security guarantees for regime survival. In the meantime, US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson has repeatedly rejected a freeze With that in mind, the regime has everything to lose from normalizing relations with the international community, even if it is demonstrating that it can engage in symbolic goodwill gestures toward the South. What the North Korean leadership also understands is that neither Washington nor Tokyo will be persuaded by its charm offensive as its expanding iCBM capabilities present a clear threat to the US-Japan-South Korea strategic alliance. in US-South Korean bilateral military exercises in exchange for a freeze in Pyongyang's expenditure on either its ICBM program or ICBM tests. The Pyongyang elite, along with the ruling Kim family, understands that the international community has compiled evidence of the regime's brutal humanrights record over the decades and that its henchmen will face justice when - if - the regime collapses. US Secretary of Defense James Mattis has similarly confirmed that the planned bilateral exercise with South Korea will take place shortly after the Ministers above law A.G. NoorANi others, which was filed in Gorakhpur, his home turf, on May 27, 1995. It is scandalous that the case - concerning a 'hate speech' that led to rioting during a Muharram procession - should have lingered for 22 years. The bill's effect on the 2007 case remains to be seen. This is Sure enough, on Jan 8, 2018, Governor ram Naik (a BJP veteran) accorded his consent to the bill passed by the assembly to permit the withdrawal of around 20,000 'politically motivated' cases filed in the state over demonstrations, including one against Yogi Adityanath and others, which was filed in Gorakhpur, his home turf, on May 27, 1995. it is scandalous that the case - concerning a 'hate speech' that led to rioting during a Muharram procession . reminiscent of prime minister Indira Gandhi's legislative skulduggery, when she had the president declare an emergency following a high court ruling that unseated her for violating the election law. The law was amended in her favour, and the constitution was amended to debar the courts from hearing election cases its services. Digitisation, artificial intelligence, automation, robotics, 3-D printing, Nano Technology, Internet of Things and the widespread use of data and disruptive innovations are redefining the way citizens will learn, earn and live. A quick browse through the UAE's and Dubai's future policies and frameworks reveals a fascinating journey into a world of opportunities. Dubai Future Foundation, set up for this purpose, works with the best minds in the world to develop a technologically driven infrastructure and prepare an innovative, multitasking and critically thinking work force to engage with the future. While the disruptive innovations like Blockchain are affecting jobs in traditional areas like logistics, accounting, financial sectors, these disruptions are also bringing in new jobs, opportunities and a whole new mindset. The future of work, and more specifically how the potential of young people can be leveraged in achieving the economic growth and social dynamism, will depend on how good we are at harnessing the technology and how quick we are in engaging with the change. In the UAE, while there is a massive push from the government towards innovation, entrepreneurship and adoption of new technologies, efforts from other stakeholders - including industry, academia and community - are not matching the government push. A need-based and durable public-private partnership to create a common sustainable strategy based on knowledge and capabilities will provide a long-term framework to engage with a future that is full of promise but ridden with uncertainties. Source : Gulf news Winter Olympics, which underscores that Washington will continue to accelerate the successful pressure campaign that brought Pyongyang to the negotiation table, even if talks are limited to the Olympics only. While the inter-Korean political theater is a positive development in itself, Washington's likely next step is to ensure that both Beijing and Moscow fully comply with the UNSC resolutions imposed against the Stalinist regime and demonstrate that any deliberate attempt to help North Korea evade sanctions will not be tolerated. Building on these positive developments, this week's US-Canadian Foreign Ministers' Meeting on Security and Stability on the Korean Peninsula demonstrates that the international community is embracing the Trump administration's strategy toward Pyongyang. As I argued in a recent Arab News column, Washington's strategic objective is not a peace agreement with Pyongyang per se, but rather its denuclearization. The North's objective is the opposite: A peace agreement with the US, but one that allows it to maintain its nuclear program. During the US-Canada Foreign Ministers' Meeting in Vancouver, Canadian Foreign Minister Chrystia Freeland declared, "The 20 nations represented here in Vancouver have agreed that we must work together to ensure that sanctions imposed on North Korea are strictly enforced. Whether or not the Trumpadministration succeeds in breaking the decades-long logjam of failed US diplomatic engagement with North Korea, however, remains to be seen. Source : Arab News involving the prime minister and other worthies. The constitutional amendment was struck down by the supreme court, but her election was upheld because the law was amended. That the yogi's law is unconstitutional goes without saying. But another legally sanctified outrage still remains on the statute book. It is the provision for the state government's sanction for the prosecution of its own ministers or civil servants, embodied in Section 197 of the colonial-era Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC). It provided that where any public servant is accused of any offence alleged to have been committed by him "while acting or purporting to act in the discharge of his official duty", no court shall take cognisance of it except with the previous sanction of the government that employed him; in effect, the authority competent to remove him. In the case of a minister, this is the chief minister or prime minister; in the case of the latter two, it is the governor or president, both political appointees. They are required to act in their individual discretion. The governor is amenable to the centre's wishes. Source : Dawn
SCIENCE & TECH 5 suNDAY, JANuArY 21, 2018 Fixing Facebook is Mark’s New Year’s resolution JuLIA CArrIe WoNg Amid unceasing criticism of Facebook's immense power and pernicious impact on society, its CEO, Mark Zuckerberg, announced Thursday that his "personal challenge" for 2018 will be "to focus on fixing these important issues". Zuckerberg's new year's resolution - a tradition for the executive who in previous years has pledged to learn Mandarin, run 365 miles, and read a book each week - is a remarkable acknowledgment of the terrible year Facebook has had. "Facebook has a lot of work to do whether it's protecting our community from abuse and hate, defending against interference by nation states, or making sure that time spent on Facebook is time well spent," Zuckerberg wrote on his Facebook page. "We won't prevent all mistakes or abuse, but we currently make too many errors enforcing our policies and preventing misuse of our tools." At the beginning of 2017, as many liberals were grappling with Donald Trump's election and the widening divisions in American society, Zuckerberg embarked on a series of trips to meet regular Americans in all 50 states. But while Zuckerberg was donning hard hats and riding tractors, an increasing number of critics both inside and outside of the tech industry were identifying Facebook as a key driver of many of society's current ills. The past year has seen the social media company try and largely fail to get a handle on the proliferation of misinformation on its platform; acknowledge that it enabled a Russian influence operation to influence the US presidential election; and concede that its products can damage users' mental health. By attempting to take on these complex problems as his annual personal challenge, Zuckerberg is, for the first time, setting himself a task that he is unlikely to achieve. With 2 billion users and a presence in almost every country, Mark Zuckerberg sets a personal challenge each year. Photo: Noah Berger the company's challenges are no longer bugs that can be addressed by engineering code. Facebook, like other tech giants, has long maintained that it is essentially politically neutral - the company has "community standards" but no clearly articulated political orientation. While in past years, that neutrality has enabled Facebook to grow at great speed without assuming responsibility for how individuals or governments used its tools, the political tumult of recent years has made such a stance increasingly untenable. The difficulty of Facebook's task is illustrated in the company's current conundrum over enforcing of US sanctions against some world leaders but not others, leaving observers to wonder what rules, if any, Facebook is actually playing by. Zuckerberg acknowledged that the problems facing a platform with 2 billion users "touch on questions of history, civics, political philosophy, media, government, and of course technology" and said that he planned to consult with experts in those fields. But the second half of Zuckerberg's post, in which he discusses centralization and decentralization of power in technology, reveal Zuckerberg's general approach: proposing technological solutions to political problems. If Zuckerberg is interested in decentralization of power, he might wish to address his company's pattern of aggressively acquiring its competitors - or simply copying their features. Instead, the executive introduced a non sequitur about encryption and cryptocurrency, neither of which will do anything to address Facebook's role in, for example, stoking anti- Rohingya hatred in Myanmar. If Zuckerberg truly intends to spend a year trying to figure out how the blockchain can solve intractable geopolitical problems, he would be better off just doing Whole30. How YouTube places ads on popular videos An investment is something that has intrinsic value, not speculative value. Photo: getty Images Don’t think about investing in bitcoin TeCHNoLogY Desk I've been watching this bitcoin situation for a few years, assuming it would just blow over. But a collective insanity has sprouted around the new field of "cryptocurrencies", causing an irrational gold rush worldwide. It has gotten to the point where a large number of financial stories - and questions in my inbox - ask whether or not to "invest" in BitCoin. Let's start with the answer: no. You should not invest in Bitcoin. The reason why is that it's not an investment; just as gold, tulip bulbs, Beanie Babies, and rare baseball cards are also not investments. These are all things that people have bought in the past, driving them to absurd prices, not because they did anything useful or produced money or had social value, but solely because people thought they could sell them on to someone else for more money in the future. When you make this kind of purchase - which you should never do - you are speculating. This is not a useful activity. You're playing a psychological, win-lose battle against other humans with money as the sole objective. Even if you win money through dumb luck, you have lost time and energy, which means you have lost. Investing means buying an asset that actually creates products, services or cashflow, such as a profitable business or a rentable piece of real estate, for an extended period of time. An investment is something that has intrinsic value - that is, it would be worth owning from a financial perspective, even if you could never sell it. To answer why bitcoin has become so big, we need to separate the usefulness of the underlying technology called "blockchain" from the mania of people turning bitcoin into a big dumb lottery. Blockchain is simply a nifty software invention which is opensource and free for anyone to use, whereas bitcoin is just one well-known way to use it. Blockchain is a computer protocol that allows two people (or machines) to do transactions (sometimes anonymously) even if they don't trust each other or the network between them. It can have monetary applications or in sharing files, but it's not some instant trillionaire magic. As a real-world comparison for blockchain and bitcoin, take this example from the blogger The Unassuming Banker. Imagine that someone had found a cure for cancer and posted the step-by-step instructions on how to make it online, freely available for anyone to use. Now imagine that the same person also created a product called Cancer-Pill using their own instructions, trade marked it, and started selling it to the highest bidders. I think we can all agree a cure for cancer is immensely valuable to society (blockchain may or may not be, we still have to see), however, how much is a Cancer-Pill worth? Our banker goes on to explain that the first Cancer-Pill (bitcoin) might initially see some great sales. Prices would rise, especially if supply was limited (just as an artificial supply limit is built into the bitcoin algorithm). But since the formula is open and free, other companies quickly come out with their own cancer pills. Cancer- Away, CancerBgone, CancEthereum, and any other number of competitors would spring up. Anybody can make a pill, and it costs only a few cents per dose. Yet imagine everybody starts bidding up Cancer-Pills to the point that they cost $17,000 each and fluctuate widely in price, seemingly for no reason. Newspapers start reporting on prices daily, triggering so many tales of instant riches that even your barber and your massage therapist are offering tips on how to invest in this new "asset class". Instead of seeing how ridiculous this is, more people start bidding up every new variety of pill (cryptocurrencies), until they are some of the most "valuable" things on the planet. That is what's happening with bitcoin. This screenshot from coinmarketcap.com illustrates this real-life human herd behavior: You've got bitcoin with a market value of $238bn, then Ethereum at $124bn, and so on. The imaginary value of these valueless bits of computer data represents enough money to change the course of the human race, for example, eliminating poverty or replacing the world's 800 gigawatts of coal power plants with solar generation. Bitcoin (AKA Cancer-Pills) has become an investment bubble, with the complementary forces of human herd behavior, greed, fear of missing out, and a lack of understanding of past financial bubbles amplifying it. To better understand this mania, we need to look at why bitcoin was invented in the first place. As the legend goes, in 2008 an anonymous developer published a white paper under the fake name Satoshi Nakamoto. The author was evidently a software and math person. But the paper also has some inbuilt ideology: the assumption that giving national governments the ability to monitor flows of money in the financial system and use it as a form of law enforcement is wrong. This financial libertarian streak is at the core of bitcoin. You'll hear echoes of that sentiment in all the pro-crypto blogs and podcasts. The sensiblesounding ones will say: "Sure the G20 nations all have stable financial systems, but bitcoin is a lifesaver in places like Venezuela where the government can vaporize your wealth when you sleep." The harder-core pundits say: "Even the US Federal Reserve is a bunch 'a' crooks, stealing your money via inflation, and that nasty fiat currency they issue is nothing but toilet paper!" It's all the same stuff that people say about gold - another waste of human investment energy. Government-issued currencies have value because they represent human trust and cooperation. There is no wealth and no trade without these two things, so you might as well go all in and trust people. The other argument for bitcoin's "value" is that there will only ever be 21m of them, and they will eventually replace all other world currencies, or at least become the "new gold", so the fundamental value is either the entire world's GDP or at least the total value of all gold, divided by 21m. Can an app help to beat smartphone addiction YouTube hopes to allay advertiser unease following scandals such as Logal Paul's video of a dead body. Photo: AFP ALex HerN Videos from YouTube's most popular channels are to be subject to human review, as the Google platform attempts to use advertising money to reign in content producers following a series of scandals. For the first time, the company will be pre-emptively reviewing large swaths of its content to ensure it meets "adfriendly guidelines", raising the bar for video creators who wish to run adverts on their content, while hoping to allay advertiser unease about the video-sharing website following scandals such as Logal Paul's video of a dead body. Advertisers can choose to focus adverts on channels verified as "Google Preferred". It is those channels, the company says, that "will be manually reviewed and ads will only run on videos that have been verified to meet our ad-friendly guidelines". "We expect to complete manual reviews of Google Preferred channels and videos by mid-February in the US and by the end of March in all other markets where Google Preferred is offered," the company said. For creators, changes will hit the YouTube Partner Program (YPP), which recruits popular creators and gives them better tools for promoting their work and engaging with fans, as well as the option of receiving a cut of the advertising revenue earned from their videos on the site. Previously, creators could join YPP if they had more than 10,000 views over the lifetime of their activity on the site. Now, however, they will need 1,000 subscribers to their channel, and a total of 4,000 hours of video viewed over the previous 12 months. The move means some creators face losing a valuable source of income, but YouTube says that the majority of those affected by the stricter rules were making little money from adverts in the first place. In a blogpost written by two YouTube executives, chief product officer Neal Mohan and chief business officer Robert Kyncl, the company said that "99% of those affected were making less than $100 per year in the last year, with 90% earning less than $2.50 in the last month". YouTube has been facing advertiser unease because of a series of negative stories over the past few months noting the disturbing quality of many videos aimed at children, linking the site to child endangerment, and highlighting the questionable media ethics of some of the largest creators on the platform. Logan Paul, a celebrity video blogger with 15 million followers, prompted YouTube to pare back its commercial relationship with him after he drew public outrage for showing a suicide victim in a clip. PoPPY Noor It's March 2012, the middle of exam term and my friend is in despair. Why? She can't access her Facebook. Nordic app Hold is hoping to combat such examples of student smartphone addiction. It rewards users for not looking at their phones on campus - a task so difficult for my zombified-friend that she resorted to using a website that locks her out of all social media accounts. In Norway, 40% of students use Hold. One in eight people are addicted to their phones and, at university, this can be toxic. Using Hold requires self-restraint: press a button and the app will time how long you refrain from using your phone, but there are no punishments if you do. If you don't, however, you will be rewarded with points that can be redeemed at partner businesses - you can cash in for cinema tickets, for example. Since I'm still a student, I decided to put the app to the test. It's harder than I imagine I am the sort of person, it turns out, who just needs to look at this email right now A screengrab of the Hold app. And this WhatsApp. And my Instagram. And, Candy Crush. Why doesn't the app just block me from distractions, so I'm not tempted by them? "We are trying to change long-term habits, not force people," says creator Maths Mathiesen. "We want their relationship to their phones to change." By the end of the week, the app hadn't changed my phone-checking habits, but it did make me seriously question my phone usage. Resisting my phone for 20 minutes (the threshold at which you can start earning points for rewards) proved excruciating - but it also highlighted how much looking at my phone for a second disrupts my concentration span. Hold is still building up its network of sponsors in the UK, with beta versions being rolled out across universities in London over the next month. The rewards on offer are currently quite limited one of Photo: Collected them is pencils although I'm told that Nordic students have won trips around the world. But I suppose the real reward is not spending £50,000 on a degree, only to end up with a bad grade thanks to your need to compulsively refresh, scroll and repeat.
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