09.02.2018 Views

The Bangladesh Today (10-02-2018)

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

SCIENCE & TECH<br />

SaturDay, february <strong>10</strong>, <strong>2018</strong><br />

5<br />

What is mark’s new year’s resolution<br />

Julia carrie WonG<br />

Amid unceasing criticism<br />

of Facebook's immense<br />

power and pernicious<br />

impact on society, its CEO,<br />

Mark Zuckerberg,<br />

announced Thursday that<br />

his "personal challenge"<br />

for <strong>2018</strong> will be "to focus<br />

on fixing these important<br />

issues".<br />

Zuckerberg's new year's<br />

resolution - a tradition for<br />

the executive who in previous<br />

years has pledged to<br />

learn Mandarin, run 365<br />

miles, and read a book<br />

each week - is a remarkable<br />

acknowledgment of<br />

the terrible year Facebook<br />

has had.<br />

"Facebook has a lot of<br />

work to do whether it's<br />

protecting our community<br />

from abuse and hate,<br />

defending against interference<br />

by nation states, or<br />

making sure that time<br />

spent on Facebook is time<br />

well spent," Zuckerberg<br />

wrote on his Facebook<br />

page. "We won't prevent<br />

all mistakes or abuse, but<br />

we currently make too<br />

many errors enforcing our<br />

policies and preventing<br />

misuse of our tools."<br />

At the beginning of<br />

2017, as many liberals<br />

were grappling with Donald<br />

Trump's election and<br />

the widening divisions in<br />

American society, Zuckerberg<br />

embarked on a series<br />

of trips to meet regular<br />

Americans in all 50 states.<br />

But while Zuckerberg was<br />

donning hard hats and<br />

riding tractors, an increasing<br />

number of critics both<br />

inside and outside of the<br />

tech industry were identifying<br />

Facebook as a key<br />

driver of many of society's<br />

current ills. <strong>The</strong> past year<br />

has seen the social media<br />

company try and largely<br />

fail to get a handle on the<br />

proliferation of misinformation<br />

on its platform;<br />

acknowledge that it<br />

enabled a Russian influence<br />

operation to influence<br />

the US presidential<br />

election; and concede that<br />

its products can damage<br />

users' mental health.<br />

By attempting to take on<br />

these complex problems<br />

as his annual personal<br />

challenge, Zuckerberg is,<br />

for the first time, setting<br />

himself a task that he is<br />

unlikely to achieve. With 2<br />

billion users and a presence<br />

in almost every country,<br />

the company's challenges<br />

are no longer bugs<br />

that can be addressed by<br />

engineering code.<br />

Facebook, like other<br />

tech giants, has long maintained<br />

that it is essentially<br />

politically neutral - the<br />

company has "community<br />

mark Zuckerberg sets a personal challenge<br />

each year.<br />

Photo: noah berger<br />

standards" but no clearly<br />

articulated political orientation.<br />

While in past years,<br />

that neutrality has enabled<br />

Facebook to grow at great<br />

speed without assuming<br />

responsibility for how<br />

individuals or governments<br />

used its tools, the<br />

political tumult of recent<br />

years has made such a<br />

stance increasingly untenable.<br />

<strong>The</strong> difficulty of Facebook's<br />

task is illustrated in<br />

the company's current<br />

conundrum over enforcing<br />

of US sanctions against<br />

some world leaders but<br />

not others, leaving<br />

observers to wonder what<br />

rules, if any, Facebook is<br />

actually playing by.<br />

Zuckerberg acknowledged<br />

that the problems facing a<br />

platform with 2 billion<br />

users "touch on questions<br />

of history, civics, political<br />

philosophy, media, government,<br />

and of course<br />

technology" and said that<br />

he planned to consult with<br />

experts in those fields.<br />

But the second half of<br />

Zuckerberg's post, in<br />

which he discusses<br />

centralization and decentralization<br />

of power in<br />

technology, reveal Zuckerberg's<br />

general approach:<br />

proposing technological<br />

solutions to political<br />

problems. If Zuckerberg is<br />

interested in decentralization<br />

of power, he might<br />

wish to address his company's<br />

pattern of aggressively<br />

acquiring its competitors<br />

- or simply copying<br />

their features.<br />

Instead, the executive<br />

introduced a non sequitur<br />

about encryption and<br />

cryptocurrency, neither of<br />

which will do anything to<br />

address Facebook's role<br />

in, for example, stoking<br />

anti-Rohingya hatred in<br />

Myanmar. If Zuckerberg<br />

truly intends to spend a<br />

year trying to figure out<br />

how the blockchain can<br />

solve intractable geopolitical<br />

problems, he would be<br />

better off just doing<br />

Whole30.<br />

escaping from social media for a year<br />

an investment is something that has intrinsic value, not speculative value.<br />

Photo: Getty images<br />

be informed about investing in bitcoin<br />

tecHnoloGy DeSK<br />

I've been watching this bitcoin situation<br />

for a few years, assuming it would just<br />

blow over. But a collective insanity has<br />

sprouted around the new field of "cryptocurrencies",<br />

causing an irrational<br />

gold rush worldwide. It has gotten to<br />

the point where a large number of<br />

financial stories - and questions in my<br />

inbox - ask whether or not to "invest" in<br />

BitCoin.<br />

Let's start with the answer: no. You<br />

should not invest in Bitcoin. <strong>The</strong> reason<br />

why is that it's not an investment; just<br />

as gold, tulip bulbs, Beanie Babies, and<br />

rare baseball cards are also not investments.<br />

<strong>The</strong>se are all things that people have<br />

bought in the past, driving them to<br />

absurd prices, not because they did<br />

anything useful or produced money or<br />

had social value, but solely because<br />

people thought they could sell them on<br />

to someone else for more money in the<br />

future.<br />

When you make this kind of purchase<br />

- which you should never do - you are<br />

speculating. This is not a useful activity.<br />

You're playing a psychological, win-lose<br />

battle against other humans with money<br />

as the sole objective. Even if you win<br />

money through dumb luck, you have<br />

lost time and energy, which means you<br />

have lost.<br />

Investing means buying an asset that<br />

actually creates products, services or<br />

cashflow, such as a profitable business<br />

or a rentable piece of real estate, for an<br />

extended period of time. An investment<br />

is something that has intrinsic value -<br />

that is, it would be worth owning from<br />

a financial perspective, even if you<br />

could never sell it.<br />

To answer why bitcoin has become so<br />

big, we need to separate the usefulness<br />

of the underlying technology called<br />

"blockchain" from the mania of people<br />

turning bitcoin into a big dumb lottery.<br />

Blockchain is simply a nifty software<br />

invention which is open-source and<br />

free for anyone to use, whereas bitcoin<br />

is just one well-known way to use it.<br />

Blockchain is a computer protocol<br />

that allows two people (or machines) to<br />

do transactions (sometimes anonymously)<br />

even if they don't trust each<br />

other or the network between them. It<br />

can have monetary applications or in<br />

sharing files, but it's not some instant<br />

trillionaire magic.<br />

As a real-world comparison for<br />

blockchain and bitcoin, take this example<br />

from the blogger <strong>The</strong> Unassuming<br />

Banker. Imagine that someone had<br />

found a cure for cancer and posted the<br />

step-by-step instructions on how to<br />

make it online, freely available for anyone<br />

to use. Now imagine that the same<br />

person also created a product called<br />

Cancer-Pill using their own instructions,<br />

trade marked it, and started selling<br />

it to the highest bidders. I think we<br />

can all agree a cure for cancer is<br />

immensely valuable to society<br />

(blockchain may or may not be, we still<br />

have to see), however, how much is a<br />

Cancer-Pill worth?<br />

Our banker goes on to explain that<br />

the first Cancer-Pill (bitcoin) might initially<br />

see some great sales. Prices would<br />

rise, especially if supply was limited<br />

(just as an artificial supply limit is built<br />

into the bitcoin algorithm). But since<br />

the formula is open and free, other<br />

companies quickly come out with their<br />

own cancer pills. Cancer-Away, Cancer-<br />

Bgone, CancEthereum, and any other<br />

number of competitors would spring<br />

up. Anybody can make a pill, and it<br />

costs only a few cents per dose.<br />

Yet imagine everybody starts bidding<br />

up Cancer-Pills to the point that they<br />

cost $17,000 each and fluctuate widely<br />

in price, seemingly for no reason.<br />

Newspapers start reporting on prices<br />

daily, triggering so many tales of<br />

instant riches that even your barber<br />

and your massage therapist are offering<br />

tips on how to invest in this new "asset<br />

class".<br />

Instead of seeing how ridiculous this<br />

is, more people start bidding up every<br />

new variety of pill (cryptocurrencies),<br />

until they are some of the most "valuable"<br />

things on the planet. That is<br />

what's happening with bitcoin. This<br />

screenshot from coinmarketcap.com<br />

illustrates this real-life human herd<br />

behavior:<br />

You've got bitcoin with a market value<br />

of $238bn, then Ethereum at<br />

$124bn, and so on. <strong>The</strong> imaginary value<br />

of these valueless bits of computer<br />

data represents enough money to<br />

change the course of the human race,<br />

for example, eliminating poverty or<br />

replacing the world's 800 gigawatts of<br />

coal power plants with solar generation.<br />

Bitcoin (AKA Cancer-Pills) has<br />

become an investment bubble, with the<br />

complementary forces of human herd<br />

behavior, greed, fear of missing out,<br />

and a lack of understanding of past<br />

financial bubbles amplifying it.<br />

To better understand this mania, we<br />

need to look at why bitcoin was invented<br />

in the first place. As the legend goes,<br />

in 2008 an anonymous developer published<br />

a white paper under the fake<br />

name Satoshi Nakamoto. <strong>The</strong> author<br />

was evidently a software and math person.<br />

But the paper also has some inbuilt<br />

ideology: the assumption that giving<br />

national governments the ability to<br />

monitor flows of money in the financial<br />

system and use it as a form of law<br />

enforcement is wrong.<br />

This financial libertarian streak is at<br />

the core of bitcoin. You'll hear echoes of<br />

that sentiment in all the pro-crypto<br />

blogs and podcasts. <strong>The</strong> sensiblesounding<br />

ones will say: "Sure the G20<br />

nations all have stable financial systems,<br />

but bitcoin is a lifesaver in places<br />

like Venezuela where the government<br />

can vaporize your wealth when you<br />

sleep."<br />

<strong>The</strong> harder-core pundits say: "Even<br />

the US Federal Reserve is a bunch 'a'<br />

crooks, stealing your money via inflation,<br />

and that nasty fiat currency they<br />

issue is nothing but toilet paper!" It's all<br />

the same stuff that people say about<br />

gold - another waste of human investment<br />

energy.<br />

Government-issued currencies have<br />

value because they represent human<br />

trust and cooperation. <strong>The</strong>re is no<br />

wealth and no trade without these two<br />

things, so you might as well go all in<br />

and trust people.<br />

<strong>The</strong> other argument for bitcoin's "value"<br />

is that there will only ever be 21m of<br />

them, and they will eventually replace<br />

all other world currencies, or at least<br />

become the "new gold", so the fundamental<br />

value is either the entire world's<br />

GDP or at least the total value of all<br />

gold, divided by 21m.<br />

People look at me with disbelief when i explained that i did not use Whatsapp.<br />

Photo: lionel bonaventure<br />

Knut traiSbacH<br />

At the end of 2016, I sent a message to all my contacts: "After<br />

31 December, I will not use WhatsApp any more. Instead, I<br />

will use Threema and Signal. On New Year's Eve, I closed my<br />

WhatsApp account and deleted the app from my phone. A<br />

few clicks later, I'd left all my family, friend and work groups,<br />

the school groups of my children and all my individual contacts.<br />

During the first minutes of 2017, I saw my friends typing<br />

on their phones while mine remained unusually silent.<br />

Suddenly I was not available anymore. It felt strange, uncomfortable,<br />

daring and good.<br />

My initial reasoning for such a drastic step had little to do<br />

with mindfulness or the want of being disconnected. I had<br />

installed WhatsApp in 2012 only because all my friends had<br />

it. By the end of 2016, the ubiquitous chat app started to send<br />

me annoying periodical reminders that it would stop working<br />

because the operating system of my beloved Nokia phone<br />

was no longer supported.<br />

<strong>The</strong> notifications made me wonder whether I should be<br />

using non-Facebook-owned alternatives and stop spending<br />

so much time on convenient but seldom meaningful chats.<br />

My defiance turned into a social experiment: I bought a<br />

smarter phone but uninstalled the application that, Facebook<br />

says, "one billion people around the world use … every day to<br />

stay in touch with their family and friends."<br />

My app-stinence had a promising start. Good friends sent<br />

text messages during New Years Day, called or responded to<br />

my calls. Instead of typing and recording messages, I<br />

returned to having actual conversations on the phone. My<br />

family and closest friends even installed one of the new non-<br />

Facebook messaging apps I had suggested, but suddenly I<br />

went from having 70 contacts to just 11 on my list.<br />

At the beginning, I often felt isolated and as if I had abandoned<br />

friends. Some contacts ebbed away, while I had to<br />

withstand the odd awkward look of disbelief and discontent<br />

from others when I explained that I did not use WhatsApp.<br />

After a few weeks, I noticed that I checked my phone less,<br />

did not scroll through my contact list to look for updated profile<br />

photos or send messages to people low on the conversation<br />

list just to say hello. I began to read more. But I also<br />

learned what it meant to miss out and not to be part of groups<br />

anymore.<br />

When I met friends, I needed to be updated about earlier<br />

group exchanges. I had to continually ask my wife about discussions<br />

in our kids' school groups. She became understandably<br />

annoyed when forced to scroll through 94 new messages<br />

about the next birthday party or unexpected drama in the<br />

kindergarden of our two toddlers.<br />

In the ensuing discussions over the past year, it became<br />

more difficult than I thought to defend my step in terms of<br />

privacy and data stinginess. Those sympathetic with my decision<br />

often said that for work and social reasons they had no<br />

alternative.<br />

A colleague pointed out that he had no Facebook account,<br />

so the matching between accounts for advertising purposes<br />

was not possible. I knew that in Europe Facebook had been<br />

asked to "pause" the data sharing from WhatsApp. "But what<br />

happens with the data of up to one billion people that has<br />

been matched and shared already?" I asked<br />

Facebook has not been obliged to delete this data. That we<br />

do not know precisely how this data is used to nudge and<br />

influence us without us noticing, worried me. "Anyways, I<br />

have nothing to hide," several friends told me, hardly concealing<br />

their annoyance. <strong>The</strong> main question that I started to<br />

ask then was: why do we trust private companies more than<br />

we trust our governments?<br />

Our default position is to mistrust strangers and governments,<br />

but we trust convenient services without really knowing<br />

anything about them. We trust that private companies<br />

use our data to "improve our lives", but we hardly reflect on<br />

where our lives are taken. Facebook paid $19bn for a company<br />

that has encrypted the contents of messages since 2016<br />

and does not advertise.<br />

Clearly there is value in information about our habits and<br />

contacts, not just the content of our conversations. Companies<br />

create personal profiles with our data, but these profiles<br />

are about who we are, not about who we want to be. During<br />

the last year I realised how little we know and how little we<br />

care. We do not regard our data as a scarce and valuable commodity.<br />

Data seems like time; we just assume it is there. Over<br />

coffee I asked a friend: "If you had only one piece of personal<br />

data left to spend, how would you spend it?" He laughed,<br />

paused and then his phone whistled.<br />

How to stop ads using Google tools<br />

Samuel GibbS<br />

Google is rolling out a new<br />

tool that will stop so-called<br />

reminder ads from following<br />

you around the internet,<br />

typically used to try to get<br />

users to come back after virtual<br />

window shopping. <strong>The</strong><br />

new settings will allow users<br />

to "mute" these reminder<br />

ads, but only on a case-bycase<br />

basis, not as a setting to<br />

stop them in their entirety.<br />

Jon Krafcik, group product<br />

manager for data privacy<br />

and transparency at<br />

Google, said: "You visit<br />

Snow Boot Co's website,<br />

add a pair of boots to your<br />

shopping cart, but you<br />

don't buy them because you<br />

want to keep looking<br />

around. <strong>The</strong> next time that<br />

you're shopping online,<br />

Snow Boot Co might show<br />

you ads that encourage you<br />

to come back to their site<br />

and buy those boots.<br />

"Reminder ads like these<br />

can be useful, but if you<br />

aren't shopping for Snow<br />

Boot Co's boots anymore,<br />

then you don't need a<br />

reminder about them. A<br />

new control within Ads Settings<br />

will enable you to<br />

mute Snow Boot Co's<br />

Google's reminder ad muting tool.<br />

reminder ads." <strong>The</strong> new<br />

tool allows users to view all<br />

the reminder ads currently<br />

tracked to your profile from<br />

one of the over 2m sites<br />

that use Google's advertising<br />

services. Users can then<br />

choose to mute individual<br />

reminder ads and view<br />

those that they've already<br />

muted with their Google<br />

Ads settings. Once on the<br />

page, users can click the X<br />

Photo: Google<br />

next to the companies they<br />

no longer want to see ads<br />

from. "We plan to expand<br />

this tool to control ads on<br />

YouTube, Search, and<br />

Gmail in the coming<br />

months," said Krafcik.<br />

Muting lasts for 90 days,<br />

but Google is quick to point<br />

out that it only affects sites<br />

and services using its ads<br />

platform and that other ad<br />

services also provide similar<br />

reminder ads, meaning<br />

this will not be a magic bullet<br />

for all irritating ads.<br />

Google has also beefed up<br />

its general ad muting tool<br />

to allow users to mute more<br />

ads on more apps and sites.<br />

When users mute an ad<br />

they don't like on one<br />

device, that preference will<br />

now be carried over to other<br />

devices on which they<br />

are logged in.

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!