Relationship between gene expressions and related terpenes at three developmental stages in Artemisia annua
Abstract Importance of terpenes in different aspects of human’s life, makes it necessary to determine the relationship between them and their genes just in order to fathom such relationship for further exploitation of their production process, either increasing the volume of synthesis or changing the mixture of terpene content, for exponentially demanding for these invaluable compounds. To do so, In this study some genes in 2-c-methyl-derythritol 4- phosphate and Mevalonate pathways namely Farnesyl diphosphate synthase, Hydroxy-2-methyl-2- (E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase and Isiopentenyl diphosphate isomeras were evaluated in three of Artemisia annua tissues including leaf, bloom and flower. Real-time PCR results of those genes compared with the information taken from GC-Mass outputs of terpenes, yields the final result of this research. Results showed, relationship between genes and terpenes was not similar in tissues. In certain tissues, these genes play a limiting role, while in others, some other downstream genes were possibly more important, still the effect of posttranscriptional modification cannot be ignored. In the end, although those investigated genes in this research are somehow crucial in terpene production, in order to make a more obvious picture of terpene synthesis, evaluation of more immediate genes to terpenes, particularly terpene synthases, and proteomics data of these genes needed to make the relationship between RNA transcrips and metabolites more reliable.
Abstract
Importance of terpenes in different aspects of human’s life, makes it necessary to determine the relationship between them and their genes just in order to fathom such relationship for further exploitation of their production process, either increasing the volume of synthesis or changing the mixture of terpene content, for exponentially demanding for these invaluable compounds. To do so, In this study some genes in 2-c-methyl-derythritol 4- phosphate and Mevalonate pathways namely Farnesyl diphosphate synthase, Hydroxy-2-methyl-2- (E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase and Isiopentenyl diphosphate isomeras were evaluated in three of Artemisia annua tissues including leaf, bloom and flower. Real-time PCR results of those genes compared with the information taken from GC-Mass outputs of terpenes, yields the final result of this research. Results showed, relationship between genes and terpenes was not similar in tissues. In certain tissues, these genes play a limiting role, while in others, some other downstream genes were possibly more important, still the effect of posttranscriptional modification cannot be ignored. In the end, although those investigated genes in this research are somehow crucial in terpene production, in order to make a more obvious picture of terpene synthesis, evaluation of more immediate genes to terpenes, particularly terpene synthases, and proteomics data of these genes needed to make the relationship between RNA transcrips and metabolites more reliable.
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
Int. J. Agri. Agri. R.<br />
Gao Y, Wu Y, Xu Y, Chen Z, Li H, Y<strong>in</strong> X, Zeng<br />
Zh, Chen R. 2012. Molecular clon<strong>in</strong>g,<br />
characteriz<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>and</strong> functional analysis of a new<br />
isopentenyl diphosph<strong>at</strong>e isomerase <strong>gene</strong> (IPI) from<br />
Curcuma wenyuj<strong>in</strong>. Journal of Medic<strong>in</strong>al Plants<br />
Research 6, 3148-3155.<br />
Gershenzon J, McConkey ME, Croteau RB.<br />
2000. Regul<strong>at</strong>ion of monoterpene accumul<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>in</strong><br />
leaves of pepperm<strong>in</strong>t. Plant Physiology 122, 205-213.<br />
Gupta P, Akhtar N, Tewari Sh, Sangwan R,<br />
Trivedi P. 2011. Differential expression of farnesyl<br />
diphosph<strong>at</strong>e synthase <strong>gene</strong> from Withania somnifera<br />
<strong>in</strong> different chemotypes <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong> response to elicitors.<br />
Plant Growth Regul<strong>at</strong>ion 65, 93-100.<br />
Han M<strong>in</strong> Ye J, Qiao X, Xu M, Wang B, Guo DA.<br />
2008. Characteriz<strong>at</strong>ion of phenolic compounds <strong>in</strong> the<br />
Ch<strong>in</strong>ese herbal drug <strong>Artemisia</strong> <strong>annua</strong> by liquid<br />
chrom<strong>at</strong>ography coupled to electrospray ioniz<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
mass spectrometry. Journal of Pharmaceutical <strong>and</strong><br />
Biomedical Analysis 47, 516–525.<br />
Hsieh MH, Goodman HM. 2005. The Arabidopsis<br />
IspH Homolog is Involved <strong>in</strong> the Plastid<br />
Nonmevalon<strong>at</strong>e P<strong>at</strong>hway of Isoprenoid Biosynthesis.<br />
Plant Physiology 138, 641-653.<br />
Huang JZ, Cheng TC, Wen PJ, Hsieh MH,<br />
Chen FC. 2009. Molecular characteriz<strong>at</strong>ion of the<br />
Oncidium orchid HDR <strong>gene</strong> encod<strong>in</strong>g 1-hydroxy-2-<br />
methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosph<strong>at</strong>e reductase, the<br />
last step of the methylerythritol phosph<strong>at</strong>e p<strong>at</strong>hway.<br />
Plant Cell Reports 28, 1475–1486.<br />
Iijima Y, Davidovich-Rikan<strong>at</strong>i R, Fridman E,<br />
Gang DR, Bar E, Lew<strong>in</strong>sohn E, Pichersky.<br />
2004. The biochemical <strong>and</strong> molecular basis for the<br />
divergent p<strong>at</strong>terns <strong>in</strong> the biosynthesis of <strong>terpenes</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />
phenylpropenes <strong>in</strong> the pelt<strong>at</strong>e gl<strong>and</strong>s of <strong>three</strong><br />
cultivars of basil. Plant Physiology 136, 3724–3736.<br />
constitutive <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>duced defense of conifers aga<strong>in</strong>st<br />
<strong>in</strong>sects <strong>and</strong> p<strong>at</strong>hogens. New Phytologist Journal 138,<br />
641–653.<br />
Ma Y, Yuan L, Wu B, Li X, Chen S, Lu S. 2012.<br />
Genome-wide identific<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>and</strong> characteriz<strong>at</strong>ion of<br />
novel <strong>gene</strong>s <strong>in</strong>volved <strong>in</strong> terpenoid biosynthesis <strong>in</strong><br />
Salvia miltiorrhiza. Journal of Experimental Botany<br />
63, 2809–2823.<br />
Munoz-Bertomeu J, Arrillaga I, Ros R, Segura<br />
J. 2006. Up-regul<strong>at</strong>ion of 1-deoxy-Dxylulose-5-<br />
phosph<strong>at</strong>esynthase enhances production of essential<br />
oils <strong>in</strong> transgenic spike lavender. Plant Physiology<br />
142, 890-900.<br />
Nagegowda DA. 2010. Plant vol<strong>at</strong>ile terpenoid<br />
metabolism: Biosynthetic <strong>gene</strong>s, transcriptional<br />
regul<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>and</strong> subcellular compartment<strong>at</strong>ion. FEBS<br />
Letters 584, 2965–2973.<br />
Olofsson L, Engström A, Lundgren A,<br />
Brodelius PE. 2011. Rel<strong>at</strong>ive expression of <strong>gene</strong>s of<br />
terpene metabolism <strong>in</strong> different tissues of <strong>Artemisia</strong><br />
<strong>annua</strong> L. BMC Plant Biology 11, 45.<br />
T<strong>in</strong>gey DT, Mann<strong>in</strong>g M, Grothaus LC, Burns<br />
WF. 1980. Influence of light <strong>and</strong> temper<strong>at</strong>ure on<br />
monoterpene emission r<strong>at</strong>es from Slash P<strong>in</strong>e. Plant<br />
Physiology 65, 797-801.<br />
Wang Q, Pi Y, Hou R, Jiang K, Huang Z, Hsieh<br />
M, Sun X. 2008. Molecular clon<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong><br />
characteriz<strong>at</strong>ion of 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl<br />
4-diphosph<strong>at</strong>e reductase (CaHDR) from<br />
Camptotheca acum<strong>in</strong><strong>at</strong>a <strong>and</strong> its functional<br />
identific<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>in</strong> Escherichia coli. Biochemistry <strong>and</strong><br />
molecular Biology reports 29, 112-118.<br />
Wen W, Yu R. 2011. Artemis<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong> biosynthesis <strong>and</strong><br />
its regul<strong>at</strong>ory enzymes: Progress <strong>and</strong> perspective.<br />
Pharmacognosy Reviews 5, 189 194.<br />
Keel<strong>in</strong>g CI, Bohlmann J. 2006. Genes, enzymes<br />
<strong>and</strong> chemicals of terpenoid diversity <strong>in</strong> the<br />
Woerdenbag H, Bos R, Salomons M C,<br />
Hendriks H, Pras N, Mal<strong>in</strong>gré TH. 1993. Vol<strong>at</strong>ile<br />
Alaeimoghadam et al.<br />
Page 48
![Review on: impact of seed rates and method of sowing on yield and yield related traits of Teff [Eragrostis teff (Zucc.) Trotter] | IJAAR @yumpu](https://documents.yumpu.com/000/066/025/853/c0a2f1eefa2ed71422e741fbc2b37a5fd6200cb1/6b7767675149533469736965546e4c6a4e57325054773d3d/4f6e6531383245617a537a49397878747846574858513d3d.jpg?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAICNEWSPSEKTJ5M3Q&Expires=1719212400&Signature=rwXNu13ahh%2BEfX6%2FUHTcivjWW44%3D)
Change language