Challenges to the autonomy and interdependent rights of older persons

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Challenges to the autonomy and interdependent rights of older persons Chapter Capítulo I I Contents Foreword...................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Chapter I Population ageing and the status of older persons in Latin America and the Caribbean............................ 15 Introduction............................................................................................................................................................ 17 A. The major demographic trends........................................................................................................................ 17 1. Fertility rate declines to replacement level.............................................................................................. 17 2. Longer life expectancy.............................................................................................................................. 20 3. Life expectancy after age 60 ................................................................................................................... 21 4. Countries’ position in the demographic transition .................................................................................. 22 5. The population will continue to grow until the middle of the century ................................................... 23 B. The impact of demographic change................................................................................................................ 24 1. The young population declines and the older population increases ...................................................... 24 2. Different stages of the ageing process.................................................................................................... 25 3. Towards aged societies and economies.................................................................................................. 27 C. Sociodemographic status of older persons..................................................................................................... 29 1. Size and structure of the population by sex and age .............................................................................. 29 2. Territorial differences .............................................................................................................................. 32 3. Greater access to formal education ........................................................................................................ 35 4. Companionship in old age........................................................................................................................ 36 5. Older women who are heads of household ............................................................................................ 37 6. Increase in disability ................................................................................................................................ 38 7. Older people remain economically active ............................................................................................... 43 8. Persistence of the gender wage gap in old age....................................................................................... 44 D. Conclusions...................................................................................................................................................... 45 Bibliography........................................................................................................................................................... 46 Annex I.A1.............................................................................................................................................................. 47 Chapter II Human rights in the context of ageing and the need for enhanced protection of older persons in the framework of the United Nations................................................................................................................ 53 Introduction............................................................................................................................................................ 55 A. The social construct of ageing underlying difference and lack of autonomy................................................. 56 B. The foundations and standardization of the human rights of older persons.................................................. 58 3
Contents Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) C. The main issues in relation to the human rights of older persons................................................................. 59 1. Care........................................................................................................................................................... 60 2. Awareness................................................................................................................................................ 61 3. Health....................................................................................................................................................... 61 4. Social security.......................................................................................................................................... 61 5. Discrimination........................................................................................................................................... 62 6. Mistreatment............................................................................................................................................ 62 7. Work......................................................................................................................................................... 63 8. Other areas of concern............................................................................................................................. 64 D. Provisions of particular interest in relation to the human rights of older persons......................................... 64 1. Identifying and defining rights-holders.................................................................................................... 64 2. The multifaceted nature of human rights in old age ............................................................................... 65 3. Specific issues related to the human rights of older persons ................................................................ 67 E. Lessons learned from the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities ........................................ 69 Bibliography........................................................................................................................................................... 71 Chapter III The value and importance of the Inter-American Convention on Protecting the Human Rights of Older Persons....................................................................................................................... 75 Introduction............................................................................................................................................................ 77 A. The drafting process of the Inter-American Convention on Protecting the Human Rights of Older Persons................................................................................................................ 77 B. Non-regressive consensus-building at the inter-American level.................................................................... 79 C. The triple dimension of the rights protected by the Convention.................................................................... 81 1. Emerging rights......................................................................................................................................... 81 2. Existing rights........................................................................................................................................... 82 3. Extended rights......................................................................................................................................... 82 D. The ratification process of the Convention..................................................................................................... 82 E. The emerging rights of the Inter-American Convention and contributions to their interpretation...................................................................................................................................... 84 1. Equality and non-discrimination............................................................................................................... 85 2. The right to independence, autonomy and legal capacity....................................................................... 88 3. Free and informed consent on health matters ........................................................................................ 90 4. Participation of older persons.................................................................................................................. 92 Bibliography........................................................................................................................................................... 94 Chapter IV Emerging issues for the protection of the rights of older persons................................................................... 97 Introduction............................................................................................................................................................ 99 A. Equality and non-discrimination in older persons’ access to credit............................................................. 100 1. Access to credit in a human rights framework...................................................................................... 101 2. Age discrimination in access to credit................................................................................................... 104 3. Older persons’ access to credit in other regions of the world............................................................... 107 4. Credit access programmes for older persons in the region................................................................... 108 B. The right to end-of-life palliative care and a dignified death....................................................................... 111 1. The right to life and dignity in old age................................................................................................... 111 2. The right to free and informed consent and advance directives........................................................... 112 3. Palliative and other care for older persons............................................................................................ 113 4. Palliative care as a State obligation...................................................................................................... 114 5. Palliative care programmes for older persons in Latin America and the Caribbean............................. 116 4
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