RIC-6430 Primary history (Bk D)

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The First Fleet Early settlement 1786 Time line Coal gas used to generate light. 1787 American constitution signed. 13/05/87 Fleet leaves England. 03/06/87 Fleet reaches Canary Islands. 14/07/87 Fleet crosses equator. 07/08/87 Fleet reaches Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 13/10/87 Fleet reaches Cape Town, South Africa. 1788 01/01/88 Fleet reaches Adventure Bay, Van Diemen’s Land. 18/01/88 Fleet reaches Botany Bay. 26 /01/88 Fleet go ashore at Port Jackson and the British fl ag is raised. 07/02/88 Captain Arthur Phillip appointed Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief of the territory of New South Wales. 14/02/88 Supply leaves for Norfolk Island to establish colony. 02/10/88 Sirius leaves for Cape Town for supplies. 1789 French Revolution (1789-1799). Mutiny on HMS Bounty. 1790 19/03/90 Sirius leaves for China for supplies but is wrecked off Norfolk Island. 17/04/90 Supply leaves for Batavia for supplies. 03/06/90 Convict ship, Lady Juliana, arrives at Sydney Cove. 20/06/90 Supply ship, Justinian, arrives at Sydney Cove. 1791 1792 George Vancouver charts King George Sound in south-west Australia. d’Entrecasteaux circumnavigates Australia. Marion du Fresne expedition lands at Marion Bay, Tasmania. Indicators • Reads text and answers questions to demonstrate an understanding of its content. • Writes a report recording the voyage of the First Fleet. Worksheet information • For the convicts of the First Fleet, the voyage to Botany Bay was a journey to the end of the world. They would never again return to their homeland. By the time the fl eet left England, many of the convicts had already been on board the ships for several months. • Marines were enlisted to guard the convicts. The wives and children of the marines were also on board. • During the voyage, 69 people were lost through death, discharge or desertion and 22 babies were born. • The fl eet comprised: two naval escorts: Flagship HMS Sirius and HM Brig Supply six convict ships: Alexander, Charlotte, Friendship, Lady Penrhyn, Prince of Wales and Scarborough three storeships: Borrowdale, Fishburn and Golden Grove. • The route taken by the First Fleet took advantage of helpful sailing winds; from Portsmouth, England, it sailed to Tenerife in the Canary Islands; to Rio de Janiero, Brazil; to Cape Town, South Africa; and, fi nally, to Botany Bay. • Journals of the voyage were kept by a number of people in the fl eet, most notably: Philip Gidley King, John White, Watkin Tench, David Collins and John Hunter. Governor Phillip did not keep a journal but his offi cial papers and documents have been published together as an accurate account of the voyage. • Quiz questions relating to this section can be found on page 103. Answers Page 12 1. (a) Captain Arthur Phillip (b) 11 (c) To establish a penal colony as Britain’s prisons were overcrowded. 2. Teacher check. Examples: Crops planted at the wrong time of the year, intense summer heat and drought conditions. Seeds need to be planted in the early spring so they can grow through the summer and be harvested in the autumn, and plants need water to survive. 3. Teacher check. Example: With less food, people would be able to do less physical labour, because the body weakens if it is not given enough food. 4. Teacher check. Examples: Desperate, isolated, scared and desolate because the ship may not return and they would die. 5. Teacher check. Examples: Overjoyed, relieved and thankful because they had been saved. ©R.I.C. Publications Low Resolution Images Display Copy Further exploration • Discover the reasons for the increase in crime and overcrowding of prisons in Britain in the late 18th century and why the British government decided to transport convicts to Australia. • From the Internet, discover the origins of the Cadi Jam Ora: First Encounters Garden Display in the Royal Botanic Gardens in Sydney. Read the information and write a report on the arrival of the First Fleet from the Aboriginal Australians point of view. • The Second Fleet is often referred to as the ‘Death Fleet’. Find out why this is so. Draw a series of sketches to illustrate the story of the Second Fleet and its arrival in Port Jackson. 10 Primary Australian history R.I.C. Publications ® www.ricpublications.com.au ISBN 978-1-74126-687-0
The First Fleet – 1 The First Fleet is important in the history of Australia as the people who survived the nine-month voyage—officers, crew, marines and convicts—are all considered to be the founders of the Australian nation. In May 1787, the fleet of 11 ships, under the command of Captain Arthur Phillip, set sail for Australia to establish a penal colony as prisons in Britain were becoming overcrowded. Captain James Cook, who had landed at the east coast of Australia almost 20 years earlier, had described the land around Botany Bay as fertile and perfect for farming. But the people of the First Fleet found that this was not so. The fl eet continued north to Sydney Cove, arriving there on 26 January 1788. Here they established the fi rst European colony, Port Jackson, later to be called Sydney. The fi rst farm was established at Farm Cove, the present site of the Royal Botanic Gardens. Cereal crops were sown but, due to the poor sandy soil, the harvest was a complete failure. As they were unable to establish a productive farm, the settlers were dependent on the ships’ supplies and everyone, from the convicts to the governor, was on food rations. In early February 1788, Philip Gidley King, acting as Lieutenant-Governor, was sent on HM Brig Supply to establish a second colony on Norfolk Island, directly east in the Pacifi c Ocean. He took with him seven freemen, nine convict men and six convict women. They found the soil to be richer than at Port Jackson and crop production was successful. Within six months, more fertile land was found to the west of Port Jackson on the Parramatta River and successful farming was established there at a settlement named Rose Hill. In 1791, Rose Hill was re-named Parramatta. Early settlement In early October 1788, one of the two ships left with the settlers, HMS Sirius, was sent back to Cape Town to buy provisions. The trip took seven months, during which the remaining supplies were heavily rationed and farming and building work was cut back. In February 1790, Sirius was again sent to buy supplies, this time from China, but the ship was wrecked near Norfolk Island. The colony was now left with only one ship and Supply was sent to Batavia for provisions. By this time, there was only three months worth of supplies remaining. ©R.I.C. Publications Low Resolution Images Display Copy In early June 1790, the fi rst convict ship of the Second Fleet, Lady Juliana, arrived at Sydney Cove. This was followed nearly three weeks later by Justinian, a store ship, loaded with provisions for the colony. The arrival of Justinian proved to be the turning point in the colony’s fortunes. Rations increased and the development of the colony began in earnest. www.ricpublications.com.au R.I.C. Publications ® Primary Australian history 11 ISBN 978-1-74126-687-0
Page 1 and 2: ©R.I.C. Publications Low Resolutio
Page 3 and 4: Primary Australian history Foreword
Page 5 and 6: Student pages 1. • The title of t
Page 7 and 8: Teachers notes Historical literacy
Page 9 and 10: Teachers notes Public holidays All
Page 11 and 12: Time line of major Australian and w
Page 17 and 18: Australian Prime Ministers since Fe
Page 19 and 20: Aboriginal Australians - 1 The begi
Page 21 and 22: Aboriginal Australian weapons and t
Page 23 and 24: William Dampier: Hero or villain? -
Page 25: Guess who’s coming to dinner! Wil
Page 29 and 30: Voyage to the other side of the wor
Page 31 and 32: Convicts at work - 1 The decision t
Page 33 and 34: Convict life While convict life cou
Page 35 and 36: Yagan and his people - 1 Early sett
Page 37 and 38: Different points of view Early sett
Page 39 and 40: Early settlement Life in the new co
Page 41 and 42: Living then and now By 1790, convic
Page 43 and 44: Early settlement The Macarthurs’
Page 45 and 46: Early settlement Elizabeth Macarthu
Page 47 and 48: Early settlement Bounty migrants -
Page 49 and 50: To a better life When news reached
Page 51 and 52: The mighty Blue Mountains - 1 The S
Page 53 and 54: Into the unknown Blaxland, Lawson a
Page 55 and 56: Edward Hargraves discovers gold - 1
Page 57 and 58: Claiming a stake John Lister was th
Page 59 and 60: Coal River, NSW - 1 Read the report
Page 61 and 62: Discoveries Coal River time line Us
Page 63 and 64: The shearers’ strike - 1 Read the
Page 65 and 66: Finding a solution 1. In your group
Page 67 and 68: Beasts of burden - 1 In the early d
Page 69 and 70: Camel facts 1. (a) Find information
Page 71 and 72: Federation - 1 A new nation 5 Janua
Page 73 and 74: Australia’s flag 1. Draw and colo
Page 75 and 76: Changes - 1 There were important ch
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Pounds, shillings and pence Austral
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World War I—In Gallipoli - 1 Worl
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World War I—At home While Austral
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A new nation The Depression - 1 The
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Depression menu Think about what it
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World War II—Australia under atta
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The spoils of war Two of the midget
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People and politics The $5 faces -
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Today’s $5 faces The people whose
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People and politics John Howard - 1
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People and politics Prime Ministers
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People and politics Nuclear testing
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People and politics Have your say I
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Modern Australia Sydney’s icons -
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The grand opening The startling eve
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Modern Australia NAIDOC Week - 1 La
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Modern Australia NAIDOC Week - 3 Li
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Modern Australia Australian sportin
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Modern Australia Australian sportin
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Earth Hour - 1 Read the three docum
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The time capsule When people place
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Quiz questions pages 10-13 1. How l
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Quiz questions 1. The Macarthurs ar
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Quiz questions pages 42-45 1. How f
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Quiz questions pages 58-61 1. Which
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Quiz questions pages 74-77 1. Sir H
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Quiz questions 1. NAIDOC stands for
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Quiz answers Primary Australian his
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RIC-6430 Primary history (Bk D)

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