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INTRODUCTION
The Digital Image Processing is refers to processing digital images by means of digital
computer. Note that a digital image is composed of a finite number of elements, each of which has
a particular location and value. These elements are called picture elements, image elements, pels,
and pixels. Digital image processing focuses on two major tasks improvement of pictorial
information for human interpretation, processing of image data for storage, transmission and
representation for autonomous machine perception. Some argument about where image processing
ends and fields such as image analysis and computer vision start. The computer vision can be
broken up into low-mid and high-level processes. Digital image processing helps us enhance
images to make them visually pleasing, or accentuate regions or features of an image to better
represent the content. For example, we may wish to enhance the brightness and contrast to make a
better print of a photograph, similar to popular photo-processing software. In a magnetic resonance
image (MRI) of the brain, we may want to accentuate a certain region of image intensities to see
certain parts of the brain. Image analysis and computer vision, which go beyond image processing,
helps us to make decisions based on the contents of the image.
APPLICATIONS IN REMOTE SENSING
Remote Sensing is the science and art of acquiring information (spectral, spatial, and temporal)
about immaterial, objects, area, or phenomenon, without coming into physical contact with the
objects, or area, or phenomenon under investigation. Without direct contact, some means of
transferring information through space must be utilized. In practice, remote sensing is the stand-off
collection through the use of a variety of devices for gathering information on a given object or
area. In remote sensing, information transfer is accomplished by use of electromagnetic radiation
(EMR). EMR is a form of energy that reveals its presence by the observable effects it produces
when it strikes the matter. EMR is considered to span the spectrum of wavelengths from 10-10 mm
to cosmic rays up to 1010 nm, the broadcast wavelengths, which extends from 0.30-15 mm.Sensors
that collect information some remote distance from the subject. This process is called remote
sensing of the environment. The remote sensor data can be stored in an analog format or in digital
format the analog and digital remote sensor data can be analyzed using analog and/or digital image
processing techniques.
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