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RIC-20153 ACM Measurement and Geometry (Yr 3) Geometric reasoning

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Australian Curriculum Mathematics<br />

resource book: <strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong><br />

(Year 3)<br />

Published by R.I.C. Publications ® 2013<br />

Copyright © Linda Marshall 2013<br />

<strong>RIC</strong>– <strong>20153</strong><br />

Titles in this series:<br />

Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book:<br />

<strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Foundation)<br />

Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book:<br />

<strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 1)<br />

Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book:<br />

<strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 2)<br />

Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book:<br />

<strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 3)<br />

Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book:<br />

<strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 4)<br />

Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book:<br />

<strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 5)<br />

Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book:<br />

<strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 6)<br />

All material identified by is material subject to<br />

copyright under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) <strong>and</strong> is owned<br />

by the Australian Curriculum, Assessment <strong>and</strong> Reporting<br />

Authority 2013.<br />

For all Australian Curriculum material except<br />

elaborations: This is an extract from the Australian<br />

Curriculum.<br />

Elaborations: This may be a modified extract from the<br />

Australian Curriculum <strong>and</strong> may include the work of other<br />

authors.<br />

Disclaimer: ACARA neither endorses nor verifies the<br />

accuracy of the information provided <strong>and</strong> accepts no<br />

responsibility for incomplete or inaccurate information. In<br />

particular, ACARA does not endorse or verify that:<br />

• The content descriptions are solely for a particular year<br />

<strong>and</strong> subject;<br />

• All the content descriptions for that year <strong>and</strong> subject<br />

have been used; <strong>and</strong><br />

• The author’s material aligns with the Australian<br />

Curriculum content descriptions for the relevant year<br />

<strong>and</strong> subject.<br />

You can find the unaltered <strong>and</strong> most up to date version of<br />

this material at<br />

http://www.australiancurriculum.edu.au/<br />

This material is reproduced with the permission of ACARA.<br />

Copyright Notice<br />

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purchased this book to photocopy these pages to h<strong>and</strong><br />

out to students in their own classes.<br />

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In some cases, websites or specific URLs may be recommended. While these are checked <strong>and</strong> rechecked at the time of publication,<br />

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Email: mail@ricgroup.com.au


AUSTRALIAN CUR<strong>RIC</strong>ULUM MATHEMATICS<br />

RESOURCE BOOK:<br />

MEASUREMENT AND GEOMETRY<br />

(YEAR 3)<br />

Foreword<br />

Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book: <strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 3) is one in a series of seven teacher resource books that support<br />

teaching <strong>and</strong> learning activities in Australian Curriculum Mathematics. The books focus on the measurement <strong>and</strong> geometry content str<strong>and</strong>s of the<br />

national maths curriculum. The resource books include theoretical background information, resource sheets, h<strong>and</strong>s-on activities <strong>and</strong> assessment<br />

activities, along with links to other curriculum areas.<br />

Format of this book ................................................. iv – v<br />

Using units of measurement .................................... 2–29<br />

• UUM – 1<br />

Measure, order <strong>and</strong> compare objects using familiar metric units of<br />

length, mass <strong>and</strong> capacity (<strong>ACM</strong>MG061)<br />

– Teacher information ............................................................................... 2–4<br />

– H<strong>and</strong>s-on activities ................................................................................. 5–7<br />

– Links to other curriculum areas ................................................................... 8<br />

– Resource sheets .................................................................................... 9–12<br />

– Assessment ........................................................................................ 13–14<br />

– Checklist ................................................................................................... 15<br />

• UUM – 2<br />

Tell time to the minute <strong>and</strong> investigate the relationship between units<br />

of time (<strong>ACM</strong>MG062)<br />

– Teacher information ........................................................................... 16–17<br />

– H<strong>and</strong>s-on activities ................................................................................... 18<br />

– Links to other curriculum areas ................................................................. 19<br />

– Resource sheets .................................................................................. 20–25<br />

– Assessment ........................................................................................ 26–27<br />

– Checklist ................................................................................................... 28<br />

Answers .................................................................................. 29<br />

Shape .................................................................... 30–45<br />

• Shape – 1<br />

Make models of three-dimensional objects <strong>and</strong> describe key<br />

features (<strong>ACM</strong>MG063)<br />

– Teacher information ........................................................................... 30–31<br />

– H<strong>and</strong>s-on activities ................................................................................... 32<br />

– Links to other curriculum areas ................................................................. 33<br />

– Resource sheets .................................................................................. 34–39<br />

– Assessment ........................................................................................ 40–43<br />

– Checklist ................................................................................................... 44<br />

Answers .................................................................................. 45<br />

Contents<br />

Location <strong>and</strong> transformation .................................. 46–71<br />

• L&T – 1<br />

Create <strong>and</strong> interpret simple grid maps to show position <strong>and</strong><br />

pathways (<strong>ACM</strong>MG065)<br />

– Teacher information .................................................................................. 46<br />

– H<strong>and</strong>s-on activities ............................................................................. 47–48<br />

– Links to other curriculum areas .................................................................. 49<br />

– Resource sheets .................................................................................. 50–56<br />

– Assessment ........................................................................................ 57–58<br />

– Checklist .................................................................................................... 59<br />

• L&T – 2<br />

Identify symmetry in the environment (<strong>ACM</strong>MG066)<br />

– Teacher information .................................................................................. 60<br />

– H<strong>and</strong>s-on activities .................................................................................... 61<br />

– Links to other curriculum areas .................................................................. 62<br />

– Resource sheets .................................................................................. 53–67<br />

– Assessment ........................................................................................ 68–69<br />

– Checklist .................................................................................................... 70<br />

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Answers .................................................................................. 71<br />

<strong>Geometric</strong> <strong>reasoning</strong> .............................................. 72–82<br />

• GR – 1<br />

Identify angles as measures of turn <strong>and</strong> compare angle sizes in<br />

everyday situations (<strong>ACM</strong>MG064)<br />

– Teacher information ........................................................................... 72–73<br />

– H<strong>and</strong>s-on activities ............................................................................. 74–75<br />

– Links to other curriculum areas .................................................................. 76<br />

– Resource sheets .................................................................................. 77–78<br />

– Assessment ........................................................................................ 79–80<br />

– Checklist .................................................................................................... 81<br />

Answers .................................................................................. 82<br />

Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book: <strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 3) R.I.C. Publications ® www.ricpublications.com.au iii


FORMAT OF THIS BOOK<br />

This teacher resource book includes supporting materials for teaching <strong>and</strong> learning in all sections of the <strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> content str<strong>and</strong> of<br />

Australian Curriculum Mathematics. It includes activities relating to all sub-str<strong>and</strong>s: Using units of measurement, Shape, Location <strong>and</strong> transformation,<br />

<strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometric</strong> <strong>reasoning</strong>. All content descriptions have been included, as well as teaching points based on the Curriculum’s elaborations. Links to the<br />

proficiency str<strong>and</strong>s have also been included.<br />

Each section supports a specific content description <strong>and</strong> follows a consistent format, containing the following information over several pages:<br />

• teacher information with related terms, student vocabulary, what the content description means, teaching points <strong>and</strong> problems to watch for<br />

• h<strong>and</strong>s-on activities<br />

• resource sheets<br />

• a checklist<br />

• links to other curriculum areas<br />

• assessment sheets.<br />

Answers relating to the resource <strong>and</strong> assessment pages are included on the final page of the section for each sub-str<strong>and</strong> (Using units of measurement,<br />

Shape, Location <strong>and</strong> transformation, <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometric</strong> <strong>reasoning</strong>).<br />

The length of each content description section varies.<br />

Related terms includes vocabulary associated<br />

with the content description. Many of these<br />

relate to the glossary in the back of the official<br />

Australian Curriculum Mathematics document;<br />

additional related terms may also have been<br />

added.<br />

Student vocabulary includes words which<br />

the teacher would use—<strong>and</strong> expect the<br />

students to learn, underst<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> use—during<br />

mathematics lessons.<br />

The proficiency str<strong>and</strong>(s) (Underst<strong>and</strong>ing,<br />

Fluency, Problem Solving solving or Reasoning) relevant<br />

to each content description are listed. shown in bold.<br />

Teacher information includes background information relating to the content description, as well as<br />

related terms, desirable student vocabulary <strong>and</strong> other useful details which may assist the teacher.<br />

Sub-str<strong>and</strong>: Location <strong>and</strong> transformation— L&T – 1<br />

Create <strong>and</strong> interpret simple grid maps to show position <strong>and</strong> pathways (<strong>ACM</strong>MG065)<br />

RELATED TERMS<br />

Grid maps<br />

vever<br />

<br />

s.<br />

w<br />

(x<br />

ver(y<br />

Position<br />

T<br />

<br />

r<br />

s.<br />

Pathway<br />

T<br />

.<br />

Coordinates (Cartesian<br />

coordinates)<br />

<br />

repr<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

r<br />

s.<br />

Student vocabulary<br />

coordinates<br />

north<br />

south<br />

east<br />

west<br />

clockwise<br />

anticlockwise<br />

right<br />

left<br />

forward<br />

backwards<br />

over<br />

under<br />

turn<br />

paces<br />

steps<br />

Notewe<br />

‘a<br />

<br />

’.<br />

TEACHER INFORMATION<br />

What this means<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

’<br />

<br />

’<br />

’<br />

<br />

.<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Teaching points<br />

T<br />

e.<br />

<br />

<br />

.<br />

5<br />

<br />

4<br />

x<br />

y 3<br />

<br />

2<br />

<br />

1<br />

s.<br />

A B C D E<br />

What to look for<br />

<br />

.<br />

Students’<br />

<br />

<br />

.<br />

<br />

e.<br />

.<br />

<br />

yx<br />

.<br />

e.<br />

Proficiency str<strong>and</strong>(s):<br />

Underst<strong>and</strong>ing Problem solving<br />

F<br />

<br />

46 Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book: <strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 3) R.I.C. Publications ® www.ricpublications.com.au<br />

What this means provides<br />

a general explanation of the<br />

content description.<br />

Teaching points provides<br />

a list of the main teaching<br />

points relating to the content<br />

description.<br />

What to watch look for for suggests any any<br />

difficulties <strong>and</strong> misconceptions<br />

the students might encounter or<br />

develop.<br />

©R.I.C. Publications<br />

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Sub-str<strong>and</strong>: Location <strong>and</strong> transformation— L&T– 1<br />

HANDS–ON ACTIVITIES<br />

Grid moves game<br />

<br />

<br />

‘’.<br />

‘Move 2 squares to the left <strong>and</strong> up 3 squares’<br />

all<br />

students<br />

H<strong>and</strong>s-on activities includes descriptions or<br />

instructions for games or activities relating to the<br />

content descriptions or elaborations. Some of the<br />

h<strong>and</strong>s-on activities are supported by resource<br />

sheets. Where applicable, these will be stated for<br />

easy reference.<br />

1<br />

4<br />

2<br />

3<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Is the bookcase bigger or smaller<br />

than the easel? How much bigger is the teacher’s desk than any of the other desks?<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

.<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

yxy<br />

Where is the library? How would you get<br />

from the office to the car park? What are the coordinates of the art room? What is the shortest way to get from the canteen to<br />

the oval? What other ways could you get there?<br />

<br />

<br />

First to ten game: <br />

<br />

<br />

Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book: <strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 3) R.I.C. Publications ® www.ricpublications.com.au 47<br />

iv Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book: <strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 3) R.I.C. Publications ® www.ricpublications.com.au


(c)<br />

(e)<br />

(a)<br />

(d)<br />

(f)<br />

(b)<br />

No lines of symmetry<br />

There are<br />

an infinite<br />

number<br />

of lines of<br />

symmetry in<br />

a circle.<br />

No lines of symmetry<br />

(d)<br />

(a) (b) (c)<br />

(f)<br />

(h)<br />

(g)<br />

(e)<br />

(i)<br />

FORMAT OF THIS BOOK<br />

Links to other curriculum areas includes activities in other curriculum areas which support<br />

the content description. These are English, Information <strong>and</strong> Communication Technology, Health<br />

<strong>and</strong> Physical Education, History, Geography, the Arts <strong>and</strong> Languages). This section may list many<br />

links or only a few. It may also provide links to relevant interactive websites appropriate for the<br />

age group.<br />

Cross-curricular links reinforce the knowledge that mathematics can be found within, <strong>and</strong> relate<br />

to, many other aspects of student learning <strong>and</strong> everyday life.<br />

CONTENT DESCRIPTION: Create <strong>and</strong> interpret simple grid maps to show position <strong>and</strong> pathways<br />

Sub-str<strong>and</strong>: Location <strong>and</strong> transformation— L&T – 1<br />

Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book: <strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 3) R.I.C. Publications ® www.ricpublications.com.au 55<br />

Sub-str<strong>and</strong>: Location <strong>and</strong> transformation— L&T – 1<br />

Create <strong>and</strong> interpret simple grid maps to show position <strong>and</strong> pathways (<strong>ACM</strong>MG065)<br />

STUDENT NAME<br />

RESOURCE SHEET<br />

The new suburb<br />

Below is part of a map of a new suburb.<br />

The map is missing some details. Show:<br />

1. Traffic lights at the corner of White <strong>and</strong> Green Streets<br />

2. A shop at G4<br />

3. A car park east of Black Lane <strong>and</strong> south of Yellow Rd<br />

4. A park between Green <strong>and</strong> Yellow Roads, with a slide at B5 <strong>and</strong> swings<br />

at C6<br />

5. Orange Ave one-way heading west<br />

6. A mail box at K8 <strong>and</strong> a café at A3<br />

7. A building of your choice at F2 <strong>and</strong> F3.<br />

8. Describe how to get from the mail box to the café.<br />

Uses simple<br />

coordinates<br />

Creates simple grid<br />

maps<br />

Interprets simple<br />

grid maps<br />

North<br />

Checklist<br />

Identifies relative<br />

positions on a map<br />

Resource sheets are provided to support<br />

teaching <strong>and</strong> learning activities for each<br />

content description. The resource sheets<br />

could be cards for games, charts, additional<br />

worksheets for class use or other materials<br />

which the teacher might find useful to use or<br />

display in the classroom. For each resource<br />

sheet, the content description to which it<br />

relates is given.<br />

Assessment pages are included. These<br />

support activities included in the H<strong>and</strong>s-on<br />

activities or resource sheets.<br />

Each section has a checklist which teachers<br />

may find useful as a place to keep a record of<br />

the results of assessment activities, or their<br />

observations of h<strong>and</strong>s-on activities.<br />

Sub-str<strong>and</strong>: Location <strong>and</strong> transformation— L&T – 1<br />

English<br />

Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book: <strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 3) R.I.C. Publications ® www.ricpublications.com.au 49<br />

Assessment 2 Sub-str<strong>and</strong>: Location Sub-str<strong>and</strong>: transformation— Shape—Shape L&T – 1<br />

NAME:<br />

58 Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book: <strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 3) R.I.C. Publications ® www.ricpublications.com.au<br />

Sub-str<strong>and</strong>: Location <strong>and</strong> transformation<br />

L&T – 1<br />

Page 55 Resource sheet – The new suburb<br />

1.–8. Teacher check<br />

Page 56 Assessment 1 – The clothes line<br />

1. jeans<br />

2. second from the left on the top line<br />

3. skirt<br />

4. 3<br />

5. 4<br />

6. Teacher check<br />

7. Teacher check<br />

Ring a Toy<br />

Page 65<br />

DATE:<br />

Below is a game used at a school fete. The aim is to throw hoops over the<br />

squares <strong>and</strong> if you l<strong>and</strong> on a toy, you win it.<br />

5<br />

4<br />

3<br />

2<br />

1<br />

1. What is the toy in D3?<br />

2. In what square is the fairy doll?<br />

3. The toy in C4 is a .<br />

4. In what square is the toy train?<br />

5. What is the toy in A5?<br />

LINKS TO OTHER CUR<strong>RIC</strong>ULUM AREAS<br />

Once upon a time map booke.<br />

.<br />

Information <strong>and</strong> Communication Technology<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Z<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Health <strong>and</strong> Physical Education<br />

Indians <strong>and</strong> tepees <br />

<br />

<br />

’e.<br />

’’<br />

clockwise<br />

’anticlockwise<br />

’<br />

<br />

’’<br />

<br />

.<br />

History <strong>and</strong> Geography<br />

.<br />

A B C D E<br />

6. Draw a toy frog in E2 <strong>and</strong> a toy of your choice in B1.<br />

©R.I.C. Publications<br />

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Display Copy<br />

Answers<br />

Resource sheet – Transparent mirror<br />

activity page<br />

CONTENT DESCRIPTION: Create <strong>and</strong> interpret simple grid maps to show position <strong>and</strong> pathways<br />

Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book: <strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 3) R.I.C. Publications ® www.ricpublications.com.au 59<br />

Answers for resource pages (where<br />

appropriate) <strong>and</strong> assessment pages are<br />

provided on the final page of each sub-str<strong>and</strong><br />

section.<br />

Page 57 Assessment 1 – Near the school<br />

1. a swing<br />

2. B7<br />

3. oval <strong>and</strong> park (or swing)<br />

4. Arrows showing School Street one-way from west to<br />

east. Teacher check.<br />

5. Go left (or west) along Careful Street; turn right<br />

(north) into Park Road; first right into School Street<br />

<strong>and</strong> the hospital is on the left.<br />

Page 58 Assessment 2 – Ring a toy<br />

1. A toy car<br />

2. A2<br />

3. A (beach) ball<br />

4. C1<br />

5. A dog<br />

6. Teacher check<br />

L&T – 2<br />

Page 63 Resource sheet – Symmetry in shapes<br />

1.<br />

Page 66 Resource sheet – Reflections on symmetry<br />

1.–3. Teacher check<br />

Page 67 Resource sheet – Symmetry in the garden<br />

1.<br />

(a) (b) (c)<br />

(d) (e) (f )<br />

2. Teacher check<br />

Page 68 Assessment 1 – Transparent mirror<br />

symmetry<br />

1.<br />

2. Teacher check<br />

Page 69<br />

1. Teacher check<br />

Assessment 2 – Deb <strong>and</strong> Tim’s toy shop<br />

Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book: <strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 3) R.I.C. Publications ® www.ricpublications.com.au 71<br />

Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book: <strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 3) R.I.C. Publications ® www.ricpublications.com.au v


Sub-str<strong>and</strong>: <strong>Geometric</strong> <strong>reasoning</strong>—GR – 1<br />

Identify angles as measures of turn <strong>and</strong> compare angle sizes in everyday situations (<strong>ACM</strong>MG064)<br />

RELATED TERMS<br />

TEACHER INFORMATION<br />

Angle<br />

• Two lines with a common end point<br />

called a vertex, or the extent of<br />

rotation about a point.<br />

Right angle 90°<br />

• Exactly 90°.<br />

Acute angle<br />

• An angle less than 90°.<br />

Obtuse angle<br />

• Greater than 90° but less than 180°.<br />

Straight angle<br />

• Exactly 180°.<br />

One rotation<br />

• A full turn to end up at the start (360°).<br />

Degree<br />

• A unit of measure of an angle, based<br />

on there being 360° in a circle.<br />

• Students need to be aware that<br />

degrees are also used to measure<br />

temperature, but this is not the same<br />

as the measure for angle.<br />

What this means<br />

• Right angles (those of approximately 90°) are ones that students should<br />

recognise.<br />

• Knowledge that an acute angle is less than 90°.<br />

• Knowledge that an obtuse angle is between 90° <strong>and</strong> 180°.<br />

• Knowledge that a full turn is the same as 360° <strong>and</strong> that half a turn is 180°.<br />

• Students are developing an awareness <strong>and</strong> underst<strong>and</strong>ing of<br />

the movement that relates to how angles are formed <strong>and</strong> to the<br />

measurement of angles.<br />

• The use of a protractor is not encouraged at this stage.<br />

Teaching points<br />

• Angles are classified by their size in their relationship to the right angle<br />

(90°). (Refer to related terms.)<br />

• Right angles are used extensively in most buildings. For example, where<br />

walls meet the floor <strong>and</strong> the ceiling, the corners of rooms <strong>and</strong> most of<br />

the angles in the construction of cupboards. Books <strong>and</strong> paper mostly<br />

have 90° angles.<br />

• Many doors open to 180°, though if near a corner, they may only open to<br />

about 90°.<br />

• Make links to the unit on time (UUM – 2) looking at the h<strong>and</strong>s on an<br />

analogue clock as they turn in a clockwise direction.<br />

• Also make links to the unit on location <strong>and</strong> transformation (L&T – 1)<br />

where quarter <strong>and</strong> half turns are used, along with ideas about the four<br />

cardinal compass points (north, south, east <strong>and</strong> west) <strong>and</strong> left/right <strong>and</strong><br />

clockwise/anticlockwise.<br />

• Students can get an intuitive idea of the size of angles when making<br />

comparisons. For example, that the size of the angles on the hexagon<br />

piece of pattern blocks are greater than a right angle (90°) <strong>and</strong> also<br />

much bigger than the size of the angles on the triangular block, which<br />

are less than a right angle. At this stage, they do not need to measure<br />

the angles on the two pieces.<br />

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• Show right angles in different orientations. This should help avoid a<br />

common misconception that we can have right angles <strong>and</strong> ‘left angles’.<br />

Student vocabulary<br />

right angle<br />

acute angle<br />

obtuse angle<br />

straight angle<br />

degrees<br />

rotation<br />

arms (of an angle)<br />

• It is important to make angles with different arm lengths so students<br />

realise that the length of the arms does not affect the size of an angle.<br />

• National tests often include a question on angles, where students<br />

identify the largest or smallest angles from a set of angles that have<br />

different arm lengths.<br />

72 Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book: <strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 3) R.I.C. Publications ® www.ricpublications.com.au


Sub-str<strong>and</strong>: <strong>Geometric</strong> <strong>reasoning</strong>—GR – 1<br />

Identify angles as measures of turn <strong>and</strong> compare angle sizes in everyday situations (<strong>ACM</strong>MG064)<br />

TEACHER INFORMATION<br />

What to look for<br />

• Students know the properties of a right angle (90°) <strong>and</strong> can represent<br />

them without the use of a protractor. (Note: Protractors are not<br />

encouraged at this year level).<br />

• Students are aware that a straight angle is 180° (which is two right<br />

angles) <strong>and</strong> a full rotation is 360° (which is four right angles).<br />

• Students confused by the length of the arms of an angle, thinking that<br />

an angle with short arms is less than an angle of lesser degrees but<br />

with longer arms. Students with this misconception would judge that<br />

the first angle below is wider than the second because of the length of<br />

the arms. In fact, the second angle is larger.<br />

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Proficiency str<strong>and</strong>(s):<br />

Underst<strong>and</strong>ing<br />

Fluency<br />

Problem solving<br />

Reasoning<br />

Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book: <strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 3) R.I.C. Publications ® www.ricpublications.com.au 73


Sub-str<strong>and</strong>: <strong>Geometric</strong> <strong>reasoning</strong>—GR – 1<br />

HANDS–ON ACTIVITIES<br />

• In this unit, students will mostly compare angles to the right angle (90°). This would involve recognising that a straight<br />

angle is two right angles (180°) <strong>and</strong> a full turn is four right angles (360°). Discuss the idea that right angles occur all<br />

around us, including the corners of pieces of paper, books, corners in rooms etc.<br />

• One method of introducing<br />

students to the idea of angles is<br />

to get them to (very carefully)<br />

trace the cutting edge of an<br />

open pair of scissors.<br />

• Students make an angle demonstrator (see page 77). They use these to show various angles such as 90°, an angle<br />

less than 90°, an angle greater than 90°, a straight angle <strong>and</strong> a full turn. Students find ways to record their results. Play<br />

games where the teacher (or a student) calls out an angle size (from the five mentioned above) <strong>and</strong> the students make<br />

that angle with their angle demonstrator <strong>and</strong> hold it up for the teacher to check.<br />

• Students make an angle unit measure that can be<br />

used as a non-st<strong>and</strong>ard unit. One version of this is to<br />

cut a sharp angle from a piece of cardboard. Allow the<br />

students to decide on how ‘pointy’ the angle is, but<br />

‘quite pointy’ would be the instruction. Students then<br />

use their angle unit measures to measure different<br />

angles. Note that as the students have each decided<br />

on the ‘pointiness’ of their angle unit measure, there<br />

will be a variation of results for the same measuring<br />

activity, as there is when measuring the length of a<br />

table using the non-st<strong>and</strong>ard unit of h<strong>and</strong> spans.<br />

• Another way to compare angles without a<br />

protractor is for students to make a different type<br />

of angle unit measure. This involves using a circle<br />

of light card. Students fold the circle in half, in half<br />

again, a third time, <strong>and</strong> finally a fourth time. When<br />

this is opened out, there are 16 equal (or very nearly<br />

equal) segments that become the units of the<br />

angle unit measure. Students then can use these to<br />

measure the size of angles in terms of the number<br />

of segments needed on their angle unit measure.<br />

Students may make the link to the fact that four of<br />

these angle unit segments make a right angle (90°).<br />

My angle demonstrator is showing a straight line, which is 180°.<br />

My angle unit<br />

measure<br />

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I needed 4 of my angle unit segments to be<br />

the same as the corner of my book.<br />

74 Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book: <strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 3) R.I.C. Publications ® www.ricpublications.com.au


Sub-str<strong>and</strong>: <strong>Geometric</strong> <strong>reasoning</strong>—GR – 1<br />

HANDS–ON ACTIVITIES (CONTINUED)<br />

• Students look for objects that can rotate through a full turn, such as a rotary clothesline, helicopter rotors, windmills,<br />

wheels on any vehicles or the h<strong>and</strong>s on a clock. Describe this as a ‘full turn’, which can then be related to 360°.<br />

• Students look for objects that can rotate through part of a full turn, such as doors, the tray on a tip truck, pages in a<br />

book, swings or scissors. Encourage the use of the terms ‘less than a full turn’, ‘half turn’, ‘quarter turn’ <strong>and</strong> ‘three-quarter<br />

turn’. These terms can then be related to 180° for a half turn <strong>and</strong> 90° for a quarter turn. Relating a three-quarter turn to<br />

270° would not be expected at this year level.<br />

• Opening doors partially or fully gives an idea of angles. Many doors open to 180°, though if near a corner, they may only<br />

open to about 90°. Students could draw what the angle looks like at different points of turn.<br />

• The hour <strong>and</strong> minute h<strong>and</strong>s on a clock make angles as they turn. Students could discuss what angle is formed at certain<br />

times; e.g. 3 o’clock, 9:15, 12 o’clock, 9 o’clock or 12:07. This may link with the unit on time (UUM – 2).<br />

• Links could also be made to the unit on location <strong>and</strong> transformation (L&T – 1) where quarter <strong>and</strong> half turns are used,<br />

along with ideas about the four cardinal compass points (north, south, east <strong>and</strong> west) <strong>and</strong> left/right <strong>and</strong> clockwise/<br />

anticlockwise.<br />

• Students use their arms to demonstrate angles. One arm remains out straight from their body (parallel to the ground);<br />

the other arm can be turned slowly to show a right angle, an angle less than a right angle, an angle greater than a right<br />

angle, a straight angle <strong>and</strong> a full turn.<br />

• Play ‘Simon says’, with the teacher calling out various angle sizes <strong>and</strong> the students making the nominated angle with<br />

their arms. Terms such as ‘right angle’, ‘90°’, ‘less than 90°’, ‘more than 90°’, ‘straight angle’, ‘180°’, ‘full turn’ <strong>and</strong> ‘360°’ could<br />

be used. ‘Clockwise’ <strong>and</strong> ‘anticlockwise’ could also be used to indicate the direction of the turn. If students do not show<br />

the correct angle <strong>and</strong>/or direction, they sit down. The last one st<strong>and</strong>ing is the winner.<br />

• Students use two craftsticks, straws or similar to make different types of angles: right angle, an angle less than a right<br />

angle, an angle greater than a right angle, a straight angle <strong>and</strong> a full turn. The sticks do not need to be joined; one may<br />

just overlay the other.<br />

• Students identify different angles in the room <strong>and</strong> in the outside environment. Try to find examples of right angles,<br />

angles less than 90° <strong>and</strong> angles larger than 90°. Students could look for pictures that illustrate the different angles.<br />

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• Mix <strong>and</strong> match angles game. The cards on page 78 can be used to reinforce students’ recognition of right angles,<br />

straight angles <strong>and</strong> a full turn.<br />

staight<br />

angle<br />

180°<br />

right<br />

angle<br />

360°<br />

Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book: <strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 3) R.I.C. Publications ® www.ricpublications.com.au 75


Sub-str<strong>and</strong>: <strong>Geometric</strong> <strong>reasoning</strong>—GR – 1<br />

LINKS TO OTHER CUR<strong>RIC</strong>ULUM AREAS<br />

English<br />

• Make vocabulary cards with drawings <strong>and</strong> definitions for new words associated with angles. For example, ‘right angle’,<br />

‘straight angle’ <strong>and</strong> ‘full turn’. Each of the cards could also make mention of degrees of turn; e.g. 90°, 180° <strong>and</strong> 360°.<br />

Information <strong>and</strong> Communication Technology<br />

• A website that asks students to decide whether the angles shown are greater than a right angle, exactly a right angle<br />

or less than a right angle can be found at .<br />

The explanation when an incorrect answer is entered is very good.<br />

Health <strong>and</strong> Physical Education<br />

• Students make angles using their arms, as described earlier. The teacher, or a student, could make an angle with his or<br />

her arms that the other students copy <strong>and</strong> describe. The person out the front could call out a type of angle for the other<br />

students to make with their arms.<br />

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76 Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book: <strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 3) R.I.C. Publications ® www.ricpublications.com.au


Sub-str<strong>and</strong>: <strong>Geometric</strong> <strong>reasoning</strong>—GR – 1<br />

RESOURCE SHEET<br />

Make <strong>and</strong> use an angle demonstrator<br />

• Make two (2) circles about the same size as the one below; one in a light<br />

colour, the other in a darker colour. Carefully cut a line to the centre as<br />

shown below.<br />

CONTENT DESCRIPTION: Identify angles as measures of turn <strong>and</strong> compare angles in everyday turns<br />

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• Place one circle inside the other as shown. You can now turn one circle of<br />

your angle demonstrator within the other to show different angles.<br />

• Use your angle demonstrator to show a right angle (90°), an angle less than<br />

90° <strong>and</strong> a straight angle (180°). Draw these onto a sheet of paper. How can<br />

you show a full turn?<br />

Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book: <strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 3) R.I.C. Publications ® www.ricpublications.com.au 77


Sub-str<strong>and</strong>: <strong>Geometric</strong> <strong>reasoning</strong>—GR – 1<br />

RESOURCE SHEET<br />

Mix <strong>and</strong> match angles<br />

Cut out the 12 cards below. Mix them up <strong>and</strong> try to put them back in the<br />

correct groups.<br />

right<br />

angle<br />

straight<br />

angle<br />

90°<br />

180°<br />

full turn 360°<br />

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CONTENT DESCRIPTION: Identify angles as measures of turn <strong>and</strong> compare angles in everyday turns<br />

78 Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book: <strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 3) R.I.C. Publications ® www.ricpublications.com.au


Sub-str<strong>and</strong>: <strong>Geometric</strong> <strong>reasoning</strong>—GR – 1 Assessment 1<br />

NAME:<br />

DATE:<br />

What’s my angle?<br />

You will need a wire, bread tie or a pipe cleaner.<br />

Bend your object to make the angle below.<br />

Call this the ‘angle unit’.<br />

CONTENT DESCRIPTION: Identify angles as measures of turn <strong>and</strong> compare angles in everyday turns<br />

1. Now use this to find out if the angles below are bigger, smaller or the same<br />

as your angle unit. Write it under each of the angles.<br />

(a)<br />

(c)<br />

2. How many of your angle units will fit in each of the angles below?<br />

Describe what type of angle each one is.<br />

(a)<br />

(b)<br />

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Number = Number =<br />

(d)<br />

(b)<br />

Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book: <strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 3) R.I.C. Publications ® www.ricpublications.com.au 79


Assessment 2 Sub-str<strong>and</strong>: <strong>Geometric</strong> <strong>reasoning</strong>—GR – 1<br />

NAME:<br />

DATE:<br />

What do you know about angles?<br />

Write what you know about each of the types of angles below. Draw an<br />

example of each one.<br />

(a) Draw any angle (what does an<br />

angle measure?)<br />

(b) A right angle<br />

(c) A straight angle (d) A full turn<br />

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CONTENT DESCRIPTION: Identify angles as measures of turn <strong>and</strong> compare angles in everyday turns<br />

80 Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book: <strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 3) R.I.C. Publications ® www.ricpublications.com.au


Sub-str<strong>and</strong>: <strong>Geometric</strong> <strong>reasoning</strong>—GR – 1<br />

Identify angles as measures of turn <strong>and</strong> compare angle sizes in everyday situations (<strong>ACM</strong>MG064)<br />

STUDENT NAME<br />

Recognises right angles<br />

Recognises angles greater<br />

than <strong>and</strong> less than 90°<br />

Recognises a straight<br />

angle<br />

Recognises a full turn<br />

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Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book: <strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 3) R.I.C. Publications ® www.ricpublications.com.au 81


Sub-str<strong>and</strong>: <strong>Geometric</strong> <strong>reasoning</strong><br />

GR – 1<br />

Answers<br />

Page 79<br />

1.<br />

Assessment 1 – What’s my angle?<br />

(a)<br />

smaller<br />

(c)<br />

bigger<br />

(b)<br />

bigger<br />

(d)<br />

the same size<br />

2.<br />

(a)<br />

Page 80<br />

3 angle units. The angle is<br />

greater than a right angle (90°)<br />

It is an obtuse angle.<br />

Assessment 2 – What do you know<br />

about angles?<br />

Teacher check<br />

(b)<br />

2 angle units. The angle is<br />

less than a right angle (90°).<br />

It is an acute angle.<br />

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82 Australian Curriculum Mathematics resource book: <strong>Measurement</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Geometry</strong> (Year 3) R.I.C. Publications ® www.ricpublications.com.au

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