RIC-20239 Primary Grammar and Word Study Year 4 – Understanding and choosing words

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Plurals Plural is a word used to show more than one. When a word ends in a vowel followed by y—just add s. When a word ends in a consonant followed by y—change y to i and add es. 1. Write the plural of each word. Choose two to show each rule and write each in a short sentence. • • • • donkey butterfly joey dromedary R.I.C. Publications ® www.ricpublications.com.au 45 Primary grammar and word study fly stingray canary birthday Usually when a word ends in a consonant followed by o—add es. 2. Use the plural form of these words to complete the sentences. mosquito dingo potato volcano mango (a) Most people find (b) I would love to do a tour of active to visit Pompeii. (c) Mum needs six large (d) (e) Did you know that are my favourite tropical fruit. annoying, especially when they bite. around the world and I particularly want to make her yummy potato salad. don’t actually bark? Usually when a word ends in f or fe, change them to v and add es, but some words just add s. 3. Circle the correct plural in each sentence. ©R.I.C. Publications Low Resolution Images Display Copy (a) Please put the (knives/knifes) and forks on the table. (b) The coral (reeves/reefs) attract many divers. (c) We would really like to do it (ourselfs/ourselves) (d) The men and their (wifes/wives) went on holiday. (e) The early explorers mapped many (gulfs/gulves) along the coast.
Understanding and choosing words Prefixes Focus Prefixes: inter, sub, pre and dis. Definition • A prefix is a letter or group of letters added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and form a new word. Example: The Emperor dislikes those who disobey. Explanation • A prefix is a word part that has a meaning of its own, often derived from Greek or Latin. Prefixes usually do not occur as independent words. The prefix is added to the beginning of a base word to change its meaning, without changing the spelling of that word. Sometimes a hyphen is placed between the prefix and the base (or root) word, such as in the following: - when prefixes come before proper nouns Example: un-Australian, anti-American - when prefixes ending in a or i are added to a word that begins with the same letter: Example: ultra-ambitious - when the prefix is ex or self, (except for selfish and selfless), Example: ex-husband, self-centred • Ensure students learn to be aware of letter clusters that look like prefixes, but aren’t, e.g. the letters un in uncle, or in in invented. Students can practise identifying these ‘trick’ prefixes by looking at the base or root word that is left. The prefixes that cause the most difficulty are re, in and dis. • Learning the meanings of prefixes can help students decipher, spell and understand words, especially larger words, and increase their vocabulary. Understanding that the spelling of neither the prefix nor the base word changes can help students to spell commonly misspelled words such as unnecessary, misspell and disappointment. • Trans is a prefix meaning across, over or beyond. Example: transaction, transmission, transport, transplant • Inter means among, between or in the midst of and often indicates a connection between things. Example: interschool, interstate, interactive • Sub has a number of meanings; Example: under, beneath, below (submarine, submerge), (subnormal) and nearly (subcentral) • Pre can mean earlier than, before (prehistoric) or in front of (premolar). • Dis has a number of meanings; when attached to verbs it usually means to reverse or do the opposite (disagree, disbelieve) or to remove (disrobe, disarm); when added to nouns it commonly means opposite (disrespect, distaste), and when added to adjectives or past participles means not (dishonest, disobedient). Worksheet information • Discuss the definition of prefixes with the students. Describe how each prefix has a meaning of its own, and when added to another word changes the meaning of that word. Write some examples of words with prefixes, and allow the students to draw a line dividing the prefixes from the base words. Discuss how sometimes a word might look like it has a prefix; e.g. predator. Remind students to check if the following letters form a base word or not, to determine if it is a prefix. • Read the story with the students. Some may not understand all the words; what is important is that they hear the prefixes in context and understand the general story. Students then complete the worksheet as directed. • It is important that there is a conclusion to this activity. Students need to conference in small groups, or discuss their findings as a class. Each small group (or the whole class) should compile a set of meanings for each prefix that the teacher should ensure is correct. ©R.I.C. Publications Low Resolution Images Display Copy Ideas for further practice • Students could compare the meanings of words with the prefix in and the prefix inter. • Search for more words with the prefix inter- using books, magazines and newspapers. Answers 1. Teacher check Primary grammar and word study 46 www.ricpublications.com.au R.I.C. Publications ®
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RIC-20239 Primary Grammar and Word Study Year 4 – Understanding and choosing words

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