Expectations of international migration in nursing students in Mexico

undergraduate students in nursing enrolled in three selected schools that were studying the
last year of the career and were present on the day of the data collection. The only
exclusion criterion was to not show interest in participating. The choice of this population
group responded to the relevance of their condition as future health professionals and to the
methodological feasibility that represented having them gathered in a delimited physical
space.
A survey was carried out using a previously tested instrument in a pilot form with nursing
students from the Autonomous University of the State of Morelos. The questionnaire
consisted of six sections that investigated: sociodemographic data, academic performance,
sources of information on international migration, perception of labor market conditions in
Mexico, expectation of migration and perception of international labor market
conditions. For the design of the questions, the testimonies collected in a focus group with
nursing students and the results of a bibliographic review were taken as reference.
For the selection of schools and informants, sampling by criteria was used. It was sought
that schools were public control and that according to the statistical yearbook of the
National Association of Universities and Institutions of Higher Education (ANUIES) registered
the largest number of graduates of this degree in the Federal District. Based on these
criteria, the National School of Nursing and Obstetrics (ENEO) of the National Autonomous
University of Mexico (UNAM) was elected; the Division of Biological and Health Sciences
(DCBS) of the Autonomous Metropolitan University (UAM); and the Higher School of Nursing
and Obstetrics (ESEO) of the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), which together annually
graduate around 72% of graduates in nursing in this entity.
Regarding the informants, we worked with a sample of voluntary subjects. The application
of the questionnaire was carried out during events organized by the schools where students
of the last semesters were invited for induction into social service. Only in the case of the
ENEO, students were specifically invited to participate in this study. The instrument was
answered by the students without intermediation of an interviewer. On average, the
percentage of participation in the survey with respect to the total enrollment of the last
semesters of the career in the three schools was 77.6%.
In logistic terms, authorities of the three schools were contacted through the institutional
office and the attached research protocol. Their approval and support for fieldwork was
requested. In addition, the project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the National
Institute of Public Health. To comply with the considerations
In the research ethics, an informed consent letter was attached to the questionnaires where
the objectives of the study were made known to the students and the confidentiality of their
answers was guaranteed.
Data analysis
A multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate the association between a
series of independent variables and a dichotomous response related to the presence or
absence of the expectation to migrate. The socioeconomic characteristics and the perception
of working conditions in Mexico and abroad were compared from the dependent variable
using the chi 2 test . Finally, a multivariate model was constructed with variables selected
from the theory reported and those with a statistically significant association.
The number of observations in the multivariate model was 403 and the probability of the set
of independent variables was significant ( p