ARTICLE NEWS Lysine and methionine supplementation in commercial broiler diet Bornalee Handique, Lalit Kumar Maurya & Beulah Pearlin. V Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP-243122 Introduction: Broiler farming is considered as one of the fast growing and profitable meat industry in the country. It can supply readily available source of animal protein to fight against protein malnutrition for the people of India. The major problem facing poultry farmers is high cost of protein feed resources but it can be overcome by supply the right quantity and quality of protein i.e. amino acids in the diets. Since, amino acids are responsible for protein synthesis in the body which is the primary constituents of structural and productive tissues such as skin, feathers, bone matrix, ligaments, soft tissues and different organs. In poultry diet mostly soyabean, maize ingredients are used but these are deficient in critical amino acids like lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan (Smith 2001). The requirement of lysine and methionine is difficult to meet since lysine is the first limiting amino acid in diet free from soyabean meal, the most commonly used vegetable protein ingredient whereas methionine has been the most limiting one in diet based on soyabean meal (Reddy, 2015). However, the animal protein supplements such as fish and meat meal though rich in these essential amino acids but their use in poultry ration are not affordable for their short supply, very expensive and restriction for use due to adulteration. The change in market scenario and consumer preference, have forced the producers to produce of high quality carcass traits with low price by using different feed additives. The lysine is essential for mobilization of fatty acid into the mitochondria and also helps in enhancing growth performance, breast meat yield, carcass protein retention and reduces fat deposition (Si et al., 2004). Lysine and methionine supplementation decrease of abdominal fat, plasma triglyceride and cholesterol and also enhanced economical performance. Effect of supplementation of lysine and methionine in broilers: Due to the effect of balance of both lysine and methionine and their combined effect improve the feed intake and nutrient utilization and more availability of lysine and methionine for protein synthesis. There is increase of feed intake at high level of lysine and methionine supplementation due to the improvement of the quality of feed. Consumption of lysine and methionine improve weight gain. Lysine affects carcass composition and muscle growth particularly breast muscle development and breast muscle quality in chickens by increasing pH and water holding capacity. High level of lysine and methionine reduces fat accumulation around the abdominal cavity which might be due to the effect of lysine and methionine as precursor of L-carnitine and augment its supply for use in metabolism, thereby facilitating fatty acid oxidation and reducing the amount of long chain fatty acids available for storage fat especially as abdominal fat pad. Health of a broiler depends on immunity of the birds. If the immunity of bird is good production will be increased. Lysine and methionine constructively affects the humoral immune response by affecting antibody production. The addition lysine and methionine in the poultry diets improve immunity of birds against different diseases (Eduardo et al., 2009). Deficiency of lysine and methionine: Lysine and methionine dificiency in the diet causes reduced growth, lack of vigour, general malnutrition, uneven feather growth, abnormally long feathers not lying smoothly in chicks and poults. Amino acid interactions: Amino acid imbalance, antagonism and toxicity are the major problems which lower amino acid utilization. It is suggested to keep each amino acid at a level above the minimum requirement but not exceeding 1.5 times the requirement.methionine is the most toxic amino acid which depresses growth and feed intake at a level of about 3-4 times the requirement. Requirement of lysine and methionine in broiler chicken According to BIS (2007) lysine and methionine requirements are given in the following table Attributes Pre-starter Starter Finisher Lysine, percent by mass 1.3 1.2 1 Methionine , percent by mass 0.5 0.5 0.45 Conclusion; Supplementation of lysine and methionine improve feed intake, growth and immunity of the broiler. Amino acid imbalance, antagonism and toxicity may occurs thefore it should be supplied at proper proportion. References : BIS (2007). Bureau of Indian Standard: Poultry Feed Specification. 4th Review, Manak Bhawan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India. Eduardo,G.A.; Gisele C.F.; Daniela C.; Fabiana, G. and Jose, C.D. (2009). Aquaculture, 295: 266-270. Reddy, V.D. (2015). Applied Nutrition, livestock Poultry, rabbits and Laboratory Animal, Rev. Ed. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi. 64 February, <strong>2019</strong>
Poultry Punch 65